PHYS-4420 THERMODYNAMICS & STATISTICAL MECHANICS SPRING 2006

Class Activity - Class 7 February 7, 2006

Name___________ANSWERS________________

Do problem 7-3 from the textbook. Since many of you do not have the textbook with you, it is
given here. (Hint: Do not believe all the answers in the back of the book.)

Calculate the change in the entropy of the universe as a result of each of the following processes:
(a) A copper block of mass 0.4 kg and heat capacity 150 J/K at 100ºC is placed in a lake at 10ºC.
(b) The same block at 10ºC is dropped from a height of 100 m into the lake.
(c) Two similar blocks at 100ºC and 10ºC are joined together. (Hint: See problem 7-8, or today’s
lecture notes.
(d) One kilomole of a gas at 0ºC is expanded reversibly and isothermally to twice its initial
volume.
(e) One kilomole of a gas at 0ºC is expanded reversibly and adiabatically to twice its initial
volume.

T2 dT T   283 K 
(a) Sblock  CP T  CP ln 2   (150 J/K) ln   41.4 J/K
1 T  T1   373 K 
Q CP (T1  T2 ) (150 J/K)(373 K  283 K )
Slake     47.7 J/K
T2 T2 283 K
Suniverse = Sblock + Slake = – 41.4 J/K + 47.7 J/K Suniverse = 6.3 J/K

(b) Sblock = 0
Q mgh (0.4 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )(100 m)
Slake     1.39 J/K
T2 T2 283 K
Suniverse = Sblock + Slake = 0 + 1.39 J/K Suniverse = 1.39 J/K

 T  T2   
(c) Sblocks  2CP ln 1   2(150 J/K)ln 373 K  283 K   2.85 J/K
  2 (373 K)(283 K) 
 2 T1T2   
Ssurroundings = 0
Suniverse = Sblocks + Ssurroundings = 2.85 J/K + 0 Suniverse = 2.85 J/K

(d) Since the process is reversible, Suniverse = 0

For the isothermal process, dU = 0, so đQ = đW = PdV.
2V0 PdV 2V RT dV 2V dV  2V 
S gas     R  R ln 0   R ln 2  5.76  103 J/K
0 0

V0 T V V T
0 V V 0
 V0 
Ssurroundings = – 5.76 ×10 J/K 3

(e) Since the process is reversible, Suniverse = 0

Sgas = 0 and Ssurroundings = 0