• 1 Suspension

• 2 Routes of administration of suspension

• 3 Oral suspensions
• 4 Topical suspensions
• 5 Parenteral suspensions
• 6 Ophthalmic suspensions
• 7 Properties of Suspensions
• 8 Theories involved in disperse phase
• 9 Types of suspensions
• 10 Formulation of Suspensions
• 11 Stability of Suspensions
• 12 Quality control tests for suspensions
• 13 Sustained release suspensions
• 14 Formulation Additives
• 15 1. Suspending and Thickening agents
• 16 2. WETTING AGENTS:
• 17 3. DISPERSING AGENT
• 18 4. FLOCCULATING AGENTS:
• 19 Some Suspension Products available in USA
• 20 List of medicinal suspensions available in USP
• 21 Some Suspension Products available in India
Suspension
A pharmaceutical suspension may be defined as a coarse dispersion containing fin
ely divided insoluble material suspended in a liquid medium.
The physical chemist defines the word “suspension” as two-phase system consisting of
an undissloved or immiscible material dispersed in a vehicle (solid, liquid, or
gas).
Generally pharmaceutical suspensions contain aqueous dispersion phase however in
some cases they may be an oily or organic phase. The suspensions have dispersed
particles above the colloidal size that is mean particle diameter above 1µm.
[edit]
Routes of administration of suspension
Suspensions are used to administer insoluble and distasteful substances in a for
m that is pleasant to taste by providing a suitable form, for the application of
dermatological materials to the skin and mucous membrane and for parenteral usa
ge. Thus suspensions can be administered by oral, topical, parenteral and ophtha
lmic application
[edit]
Oral suspensions
Patients who have problems in swallowing solid dosage forms require drugs to be
dispersed in a liquid. Oral suspensions permit the formulation of poorly soluble
drugs in the form of liquid dosage form. As these suspensions are to be taken b
y oral route therefore they must contain suitable flavoring and sweetening agent
s. Drugs, which possess unpleasant taste in solution dosage form like paracetamo
l, chloramphenicol palmitate etc. can be formulated as palatable suspension as t
hey are suitable for administration to peadiatric patients. Finely divided solid
s like kaolin, magnesium carbonate etc., when administered in the form of suspen
sions will be available to a higher surface area for adsorptive and neutralizing
actions in the gastrointestinal tract.
[edit]
Topical suspensions
These suspensions are meant for external application and therefore should be fre
e from gritty particles. There consistency may range from fluid to paste. Exampl
e of fluid suspension includes calamine lotion, which leave a deposit of calamin
e on the skin after evaporation of the aqueous dispersion phase. Zinc cream has
a consistency of semisolid. Zinc cream consists of high percentage of powders di
spersed in an oily (paraffin) phase.
[edit]
Parenteral suspensions
These suspensions should be sterile and should possess property of syringability
. Parenteral suspensions are also used to control the rate of absorption. As the
absorption rate of the drug is dependent on the dissolution rate of the solid.
Therefore by varying the size of the dispersed solid particles the duration and
absorption can be controlled. Vaccines are also formulated as dispersions of kil
led microorganisms for example in Cholera vaccine or as toxoid adsorbed on to su
bstrate like aluminium hydroxide or phosphate for prolonged antigenic stimulus.
For example adsorbed Diphtheria and Tetanus toxoid.
[edit]
Ophthalmic suspensions
These should also be sterile and should possess very fine particles. Drugs, whic
h are unstable in aqueous solution, are formulated as stable suspensions using n
on-aqueous solvents. For example fractioned coconut oil is used for dispersing t
etracycline hydrochloride for ophthalmic use.

[edit]
Properties of Suspensions
• Desirable properties of suspensions
• Suspensions should possess good pourability leading to ease of removal of dose f
rom container.
• They should have good organoleptic properties.
• The particle size distribution should be uniform.
• There should be ease of redispersion of settled solid particles.
• They should be physically and chemically stable.
• They should be resistant against microbial contamination.
[edit]
Theories involved in disperse phase
Interfacial phenomenon
Smaller solid particles are used to disperse in a continuous medium. Smaller par
ticle size and large surface area is associated with a surface free energy makin
g it thermodynamically unstable. Thus the particles possess high energy which le
ads to grouping together to reduce surface free energy thus leading to formation
of floccules. These floccules are held together among themselves and within by
weak van der waals forces. However in cases where particles are adhered by stron
ger forces to form aggregates forming hard cake. These phenomena occur in order
to make system more thermodynamically stable. In order to achieve a state of sta
bility the system tend to reduce the surface free energy, which may be accomplis
hed by reduction of interfacial tension that is achieved by use of surfactants.
Electrical Double layer and Zeta potential
Most surfaces acquire a surface electric charge when they come in contact with a
queous surface. A solid charged surface when in contact with an aqueous medium p
ossesses positive and negative ions. The counter ions are attracted towards the
surface co-ions that ions of like charge are repelled away from the surface. Thi
s results in the formation of an electrical double layer, made up of the charged
particles. The charges influence the distribution of ions resulting in the form
ation of an electrical double layer, made up of the charged surface and a neutra
lizing excess of counter-ions over co-ions distributed in a diffuse manner in th
e aqueous medium resulting into electric potentials. The zeta potential refers t
o the electrostatic charge on the particles, which causes them to move in electr
ic field towards a pole of opposite charge. Its magnitude may be measured using
microelectrophoresis or any other of the electrokinetic phenomena. The two parts
of the double layer are separated by a plane, the stern plane. The stern plane,
which occur at a hydrated ion radius from the particle surface. The ions or mol
ecules to be strongly adsorbed at the surface-termed specific adsorption rather
than by electrostatic attraction. The specifically adsorbed ion or molecule may
be uncharged e.g., with non-ionic surfactant. Surfactants specifically adsorb by
the hydrophobic effect and impart effect on the stern potential. Thus the zeta
potential is reduced by additives to the aqueous system in either (or both) of t
wo different ways.
Sedimentation Concept
In dispersions the dispersed particles encounters between themselves as a result
of Brownian movement. Depending upon the forces of interactions-electrical forc
es of repulsion, forces of attraction and forces arising due to solvation, the p
articles aggregate to form collection of particles. The collisions result in per
manent contact of particles known as coagulation leading to the formation of lar
ger aggregates, which sediment out known to exhibit flocculation or if the parti
cles rebound they remain freely suspended and form stable system. These particle
s sediment according to stokes’ law.
According to Stokes’ law
v = 2a2g (σ-ρ)/9η
W e
e v i  velocity of edimentation, a i  t e
adiu  of pa
ticle , σ den ity of 
olid pa
ticle , g i  accele
ation due to g
avity and ρ i  t e den ity and η i  t e v
i co ity of t e di pe
ion p a e.
T e equation of toke ’ law
eflect  t at la
ge
pa
ticle  ex ibit g
eate
velocit
y of edimentation. T e velocity of edimentation i  inve
ely p
opo
tional to t
e vi co ity of di pe
ion medium.
DLVO T eo
y
Acco
ding to DLVO (De
jaguin Landau Ve
wey and ove
beek) t eo
y, in a di pe
ed
y tem t e inte
action  involved between pa
ticle  a
e elect
ical
epul ion and
van de
Wall  att
action. T e total potential ene
gy of inte
action i  addition
of t e e pa
amete
. Fig.1. t e cu
ve between total ene
gy of inte
action  ve
u
 di tance between pa
ticle . In t e cu
ve t e att
action p
edominate  at mall
di tance  ence a ve
y deep p
ima
y minimum. T e att
action at la
ge inte
pa
tic
le di tance t at p
oduce  t e econda
y minimum a  t e fall-off in
epul ive ene

gy wit di tance i  mo
e
apid t an t at of att
active ene
gy. At inte
mediate
di tance  double-laye

epul ion i  la
ge
giving a p
ima
y maximum in t e cu
ve
. If t i  maximum i  la
ge a  compa
ed to t e
mal ene
gy of t e pa
ticle  t e y
tem would be table. Ot e
wi e t e inte
acting pa
ticle  will
eac t e ene
gy
dept of t e p
ima
y minimum and i

eve
ible agg
egation. If t e econda
y mini
mum i  malle
t an t e
mal ene
gy t e pa
ticle  will not agg
egate but will alw
ay 
epel one anot e
leading a de-flocculated y tem, but if it i  ignificantl
y la
ge
t an t e
mal ene
gy. A loo e agg
egate will fo
m wit t e ea e of
edi 
pe
ibility by  aking i.e., flocculation occu
. T e dept of econda
y minimum
depend  on pa
ticle ize and pa
ticle   ould be of m. T e pa
ticle  po e ing
pa
ticle
adiu  g
eate
t an 1 m ex ibit g
eat att
active fo
ce  fo
flocculatio
n to ize le  t an 1 occu
. T e eig t of t e p
ima
y maximum ene
gy ba

ie
to
coagulation depend  on t e zeta potential. T e addition of elect
olyte comp
e e
 t e double laye
and
educe  t e zeta potential, t i  a  t e effect of lowe
i
ng t e p
ima
y maximum and deepening t e econda
y minimum and i  t e p
inciple
of t e cont
olled flocculation app
oac to p a
maceutical u pen ion. T e p
ima

y maximum can al o be lowe
ed (and t e econda
y minimum deepened) by adding ub
tance , uc a  ionic u
factant , w ic a
e ad o
bed wit in t e Ste
n Laye
.
[edit]
Type  of u pen ion 
Su pen ion  a
e cla ified a :
1. Acco
ding to t e
oute of admini t
ation
• O
al u pen ion   ould be taken by o
al
oute and t e
efo
e mu t contain uitab
le flavo
ing and weetening agent .
• Topical u pen ion  meant fo
exte
nal application and t e
efo
e  ould be f
ee
f
om g
itty pa
ticle .
• Pa
ente
al u pen ion   ould be te
ile and  ould po e  p
ope
ty of y
ingab
ility.
• Op t almic u pen ion   ould be te
ile and  ould po e  ve
y fine pa
ticle 
2. Acco
ding to natu
e of di pe
ed p a e and met od  of p
epa
ation
T e u pen ion  a
e cla ified a  u pen ion  containing diffu ible olid , indi
ffu ible olid , poo
ly wettable olid , p
ecipitate fo
ming liquid  and p
oduct
 of c emical
eaction .
3. Acco
ding to natu
e of ediment
Flocculated Su pen ion , in t i  type t e olid pa
ticle  of di pe
ed p a e agg

egate leading to netwo
k like t
uctu
e of olid pa
ticle  in di pe
ion medium
. T e agg
egate  fo
m no a
d cake. T e e agg
egate  ettle
apidly due to t ei

ize a 
ate of edimentation i  ig and ediment fo
med i  loo e and ea ily

edi pe
ible. T e u pen ion i  not elegant, a  di pe
ed p a e tend  to epa
at
e out f
om t e di pe
ion medium. T e
efo
e it i  de i
ed t at flocculation  ou
ld be ca

ied out in a cont
olled manne
o t at a balance exi t  between t e
a
te of edimentation and natu
e of ediment fo
med and pou
ability of t e u pen 
ion.
Non-flocculated Su pen ion , in t i  type t e olid pa
ticle  exi t a  epa
ate
entitie  in di pe
ion medium. T e ediment  fo
m a
d cake. T e olid d
ug pa
t
icle  ettle lowly a 
ate of edimentation i  low. A  ediment  a
e fo
med eve
ntually t e
e i  difficulty of
edi pe
ion. T e u pen ion i  mo
e elegant a  d
i pe
ed p a e
emain u pended fo
a long time giving unifo
m appea
ance.
Bold textItalic text== Va
iou  app
oac e  fo
developing u pen ion  ==
St
uctu
ed Ve icle 
T e app
oac employed in t e p
epa
ation of p y ically table u pen ion  involv
e t e u e of t
uctu
ed ve icle o t at pa
ticle 
emain deflocculated and apply
ing t e p
inciple  of flocculation to p
oduce floccule  t at ettle
apidly wit
ea e of di pe
ibility wit a minimum agitation. St
uctu
ed ve icle  act by ent

apping t e deflocculated pa
ticle  o t at no ettling occu
. P
actically ome
deg
ee of edimentation u ually take  place. T e  ea
-t inning p
ope
ty of t e
e ve icle  facilitate  t e
efo
mation of a unifo
m di pe
ion w en  ea
i  ap
plied. T u  t e p
oduct mu t flow
eadily f
om t e containe
and po e  a unifo

m di t
ibution of pa
ticle  in eac do e. Cont
olled Flocculation F
om tabilit
y point of view a u pen ion in w ic all t e pa
ticle 
emain di c
ete a
e
ega

ded to be table. Howeve
in p a
maceutical u pen ion olid pa
ticle  a
e coa

e
and edimentation i  due to ize of t e pa
ticle . T e elect
ical
epul ive
fo
ce  between t e pa
ticle  allow to fo
m a clo ely packed ediment at t e bott
om, w e
ea  t e malle
pa
ticle  fill  wit in t e void  of la
ge
pa
ticle  lea
ving a cloudy upe
natant liquid due to colloidal pa
ticle . T e pa
ticle , w ic
fo
m t e lowe t laye
in t e pack, a
e p
e ed by t e weig t  of t e pa
ticle 
above t em t u  ove
coming t e
epul ive ba

ie
. W e
ea  in t e ca e of pa
tic
le  in t e econda
y minimum, w ic i  a de i
able tate fo
a p a
maceutical u
pen ion, t e pa
ticle  fo
m a loo e agg
egate  known a  floccule . T e ediment
ation of floccule  i 
apid leading to loo ely packed ig volume ediment w ic
a
e ea ily
edi pe
ible. T e upe
natant liquid i  clea
a  colloidal pa
ticle
 get ent
apped wit in t e floccule  and ediment wit t em. Pa
ticle  wit ize
m  ould po e  ig c a
ge to  ow a deep econda
y g
eate
t an 1 minimum fo

flocculation to occu
a  t e att
active fo
ce depend on pa
ticle ize,  ape and
concent
ation. It i  e ential wit ig ly c a
ged pa
ticle  to cont
ol t e dep
t of t e econda
y minimum to induce a de i
ed flocculation tate, w ic i  ac
ieved by t e addition of elect
olyte  o
ionic u
factant  wit
eduction of zet
a potential. T i 
e ult  in p
oduction of de i
ed econda
y minimum leading to
floccule , w ic i  te
med a  cont
olled flocculation (Fig.2).
R eological Be aviou

Pla tic o
p eudopla tic flow i  ex ibited by flocculated u pen ion depending u
pon concent
ation. T e appa
ent vi co ity of flocculated u pen ion  i  ig w e
n applied  ea
ing t
e  i  low but dec
ea e  a  t e applied t
e  inc
ea e  a
nd t e att
active fo
ce 
e ulting in flocculation a
e ove
come. T e dialant flo
w i  ex ibited by t e concent
ated deflocculated u pen ion . T e appa
ent vi co
ity i  low at low  ea
ing t
e  oweve
it inc
ea e  a  t e applied t
e  in
c
ea e . T e
eological con ide
ation a
e of inte
e t to inve tigate t e vi co 
ity of a u pen ion a  it affect  t e ettling of di pe
ed pa
ticle , t
an fo
m
ation of flow p
ope
tie  w ile a u pen ion i   aken and p
oduct i  pou
ed out
of bottle and t e p
eading qualitie  of t e lotion w en it i  applied to effect
ed a
ea.
[edit]
Fo
mulation of Su pen ion 
Su pen ion  containing diffu ible olid  con i t of olid  in oluble in wate
bu
t ea ily wettable. On  aking wit wate
olid pa
ticle  diffu e
eadily t
oug
out t e liquid and
emain u pended fo
a long time. T e u pen ion  containing
diffu ible olid  a
e p
epa
ed by t
itu
ating t e olid  in a mo
ta
wit uffi
cient quantity of ve icle to fo
m a moot c
eam. Any oluble nonvolatile ub ta
nce i  t en added by epa
ately di olving t em in a mall quantity of ve icle.
Mo
e ve icle  a
e t en added and any fo
eign pa
ticle i  t
ained t
oug a mu l
in clot . Any volatile component i  added at t i  tage and adding t e
equi
ed
quantity of ve icle make  up t e final volume.
Example: Magne ium T
i ilicate Mixtu
e
Magne ium T
i ilicate 5.0 g
Lig t Magne ium Ca
bonate 5.0 g
Sodium bica
bonate 5.0 g
Concent
ated Peppe
mint wate
2.5 ml
C lo
ofo
m wate
50.0 ml
Pu
ified wate
q  to 100 ml
Su pen ion  containing indiffu ible olid  con i t of ub tance , w ic do not

emain di t
ibuted in t e di pe
ion medium w en  aken fo
long time to en u
e u
nifo
mity of do e. T ey a
e p
epa
ed by adding a uitable t ickening agent to t
e ve icle, w ic inc
ea e  t e vi co ity of t e ve icle and delay  t e epa
atio
n o
edimentation of indiffu ible pa
ticle .
Example: Calamine Lotion
Calamine 15.0 g
Zinc Oxide 5.0 g
Bentoite 3.0 g
Sodium Cit
ate 0.5 g
Liquified P enol 0.5 ml
Glyce
ine 5 ml
Pu
ified wate
q  to 100ml
Su pen ion  containing poo
ly wettable olid  con i t of ub tance , w ic a
e p
oo
ly oluble, and at t e ame time poo
ly wetted by t e di pe
ion medium, and
clump toget e
wit t e difficulty to di pe
e. T ey a
e p
epa
ed by including 
uitable wetting agent in t e fo
mulation. T e e agent  get ad o
bed at t e olid
/liquid inte
face and p
omote wetting of t e olid pa
ticle  by t e liquid of t
e di pe
ion medium.
Example: Sulp u
Lotion
P
ecipitated Sulp u
4.0 g
Quillia Tinctu
e 0.5 ml
Glyce
in 2.0 ml
Alco ol (95%) 6 ml
Calcium yd
oxide olution q  to 100ml
Su pen ion  of p
ecipitate fo
ming liquid  con i t of liquid tinctu
e  w ic a
e
alco olic o
yd
oalco olic ext
act of vegetable d
ug  w ic contain
e inou  m
ate
ial. W en tinctu
e  a
e added to wate
t ey p
ecipitate. P
ecipitate  a
e in
diffu ible and tick to t e wall  of t e containe
. T ey a
e p
epa
ed by adding
a uitable t ickening agent p
io
to t e addition of t e p
ecipitate fo
ming liq
uid.
Example: Lobelia and St
amonium Mixtu
e
Lobelia Et e
eal Tinctu
e 16 ml
T
agacant mucilage 40 ml
Pota ium Iodide 4 g
C lo
ofo
m wate
q  to 180 ml
Su pen ion  p
oduced by c emical
eaction  a
e p
epa
ed by mixing two dilute ol
ution  of
eactant  to fo
m a fine p
ecipitate. Gene
ally p
ecipitate  o fo
med
a
e diffu ible and no u pending agent i 
equi
ed. If p
ecipitate i  indiffu i
ble a uitable t ickening o
u pending agent may be added. T ey a
e p
epa
ed by
di olving t e
eactant  epa
ately in app
oximately alf volume  of t e ve icl
e and t e two po
tion  a
e t en mixed toget e
.
Example: Zinc Sulp ide Lotion
Zinc Sulp ate 4 g
Sulp u
ated Pota  4 g
Pu
ified wate
q  to 100 ml
[edit]
Stability of Su pen ion 
T e p y ical tability of a p a
maceutical u pen ion i  t e condition in w ic
t e pa
ticle  do not agg
egate and in w ic t ey
emain unifo
mly di t
ibuted t

oug out t e di pe
ion . In o
de
to ac ieve t i  ideal ituation t e u pen io
n  ould ave additive, w ic a
e added to ac ieve ea e in
e u pen ion by a mod
e
ate amount of agitation. Taking a ca e example: In ca e of di pe
ion of po it
ively c a
ged pa
ticle  t at i  flocculated by addition of an aninonic elect
oly
te like monoba ic pota ium p o p ate. T e p y ical tability of t e y tem i  e
n anced by addition of ca
boxymet ylcellulo e, Ca
bopol 934, veegum, t
agacant
o
bentonite eit e
alone o
in combination. No p y ical incompatibility i 
eco

ded a  majo
ity of yd
op ilic colloid  a
e negatively c a
ged and a
e compatib
le wit anionic flocculating agent . W en a flocculated u pen ion of negatively
c a
ged pa
ticle  wit a cationic elect
olyte i  p
epa
ed (aluminum c lo
ide) t
e addition of yd
ocolloid may
e ult in an incompatible p
oduct
e ulting in 
tingy ma , w ic a  no u pending action, and ettle
apidly. In uc a condit
ion p
otective agent i  added to c ange t e ign on t e pa
ticle  f
om t e negat
ive to po itive i  employed w ic can al o be ac ieved by t e ad o
ption onto t
e pa
ticle u
face by fatty acid amine o
gelatin. T u  an anionic elect
olyte i
 u ed to p
oduce floccule  t at a
e compatible wit negatively c a
ged u pendi
ng agent.

[edit]
Quality cont
ol te t  fo
u pen ion 
Sedimentation volume
Redi pe
ibility i  t e majo
con ide
ation in a e ing t e acceptability of a
u pen ion. T e mea u
ement of t e edimentation volume and it  ea e of
edi pe

ion fo
m two of t e mo t common ba ic evaluative p
ocedu
e . T e edimentation
volume i  t e imple
atio of t e eig t of ediment to initial eig t of t e in
itial u pen ion. T e la
ge
t e value bette
i  t e u pendability.
Pa
ticle ize and ize di t
ibution
T e f
eeze-t aw cycling tec nique u ed to a e  u pen ion fo
t
e  te ting f
o
tability te ting
e ult in inc
ea e of pa
ticle g
owt and may indicate futu

e tate afte
long to
age. It i  of impo
tance to tudy t e c ange  fo
ab olu
te pa
ticle ize and pa
ticle ize di t
ibution. It i  pe
fo
med by optical mic

o copy, edimentation by u ing And
ea en appa
atu  and Coulte
counte
appa
atu 
. None of t e e met od  a
e di
ect met od . Howeve
mic
o copic met od allow  t
e ob e
ve
to view t e actual pa
ticle . T e edimentation met od yield  a pa
ti
cle ize
elative to t e
ate at w ic pa
ticle  ettle t
oug a u pending med
ium.
R eological tudie 
R eologic met od  can elp in dete
mining t e ettling be aviou
of t e u pen i
on. B
ookefield vi comete
wit va
iable  ea
t
e  cont
ol can be u ed fo
ev
aluating vi co ity of u pen ion . It con i t of T-ba
pindle w ic i  lowe
ed
into t e u pen ion and t e dial
eading i  noted w ic i  a mea u
e of
e i tan
ce t e pindle meet  at va
iou  level  in t e u pen ion. T i  tec nique al o in
dicate  in w ic level of t e u pen ion t e t
uctu
e i  g
eate
due to pa
ticl
e  agg
egate . Data obtained on aged and to
ed u pen ion
eveal  w et e
c ang
e  ave taken place.
Stability te ting
It i  not po ible to conduct accele
ated tempe
atu
e tudie  a  it can be done
in olution . T e fo
mulation ex ibiting t ixot
opic p
ope
tie  a
i e in tempe

atu
e would c ange t e p
ope
tie . In t i  p y ical fo
m, t e p
epa
ation would
ex ibit pa
amete
 t at could not be ext
apolated to t o e t at would exi t in t
e no
mal y tem. T e valid tempe
atu
e data could be obtained t at will be u ef
ul in t e e timation of t e p y ical tability of a p
oduct at no
mal to
age co
ndition . T e extended aging te t  mu t be employed unde
va
iou  condition  to
obtain t e de i
ed info
mation.

[edit]
Su tained
elea e u pen ion 
A u pen ion u ually give  a longe
du
ation of action a  compa
ed to an aqueou 
olution w en given int
amu cula
ly o
ubcutaneou ly. T e d
ug i  continuou ly
di olved to
epleni  w at i  being lo t. T e con t
aint  a
e impo ed by tabi
lity, y
ingeability, pain upon injection and minimum effective concent
ation. T
e u tained
elea e by u pen ion  i  ac ieved by dec
ea ing u
face a
ea, diff
u ion coefficient and olubility. An example of u tained
elea e u pen ion i 
t at of in ulin. In ulin i  no
mally admini te
ed ubcutaneou ly and it p
ecipit
ate  a  an in oluble complex in t e p
e ence of zinc c lo
ide and depending on t
e pH eit e
an amo
p ou  o
c
y talline fo
m
e ult . T e c
y talline fo
m i  l
e  oluble t an t e amo
p ou  fo
m and
e ult in longe
du
ation of action. Ext
ended in ulin zinc u pen ion USP con i t of c
y talline zinc complex. Anot e
e
xample include  Penicillin G p
ocaine a pa
ingly oluble fo
m of penicillin G.
Ot e
 include med
oxyp
oge t
one acetate (Depo-p
ove
a), t
iamcinolone exaceto
nide (A
i topan ) etc.
[edit]
Fo
mulation Additive 
In addition to ve icle, tabilize
, weetening and flavou
ing agent , w ic a
e
common in liquid do age fo
m , t e following additive  a
e
equi
ed to p
epa
e 
u pen ion  w ic include:
[edit]
1. Su pending and T ickening agent 
T ey a
e added wit t e objective to inc
ea e appa
ent vi co ity of t e continuo
u , p a e t u  p
eventing
apid edimentation of t e di pe
ed pa
ticle . T e e
lection of t e type and concent
ation of a u pending agent depend  on edimenta
tion
ate of di pe
ed pa
ticle , pou
ability and p
eadibility. T e ideal u pe
nding agent  ould ave a ig vi co ity at negligible  ea
i.e., du
ing  elf
to
age and it  ould ave a low vi co ity at ig  ea
ing
ate  i.e., it  oul
d be f
ee flowing du
ing agitation, pou
ing and p
eadibility. A u pending agen
t t at i  t ixot
opic a  well a  p eudopla tic  ould p
ove to be u eful a  it f
o
m  a gel on tanding and become  fluid w en  aken. T ey include natu
al poly 
acc a
ide  (Gum Acacia, Gum T
agacant , Gua
Gum, Sodiun Alginate, Xant an Gum a
nd Ca

ageenan), Semi- ynt etic poly acc a
ide  (Sodium Ca
boxymet ylcellulo e,
Met yl Cellulo e, Hyd
oxyet yl Cellulo e, Hyd
oxyp
opyl Cellulo e, Hyd
oxyp
opyl
Met yl Cellulo e and Mic
oc
y talline Cellulo e), Clay  (Aluminium Magne ium Si
licate, Bentonite and Hecto
ite) and ynt etic agent  (Ca
bome
, Colloidal ilic
on dioxide). P eudopla tic ub tance  like t
agacant , odium alginate and odiu
m ca
boxymet yl cellulo e  ow t e e de i
able qualitie . In ca e  of combinatio
n u e of u pending agent  like bentonite and CMC di pe
ion  a
e bot p eudopla
tic and t ixot
opic.
A. Natu
al Poly acc a
ide 
Gum Acacia :It i  t e d
y exudate  obtained f
om tem  and b
anc e  of va
iou  
pecie  of Acacia. It a  low t ickening p
ope
tie  but it i  a good p
otective c
olloid. It i  u ed in combination wit t
agacant and ta
c fo
inte
nal p
epa

ation  but i  too ticky to be being a natu
al p
oduct, acacia may be f
equently
contaminated wit mic
oo
gani m uc a  E c e
ic ia coli and Salmonella pecie 
and may need to be te
ilized befo
e u e. P
e e
vative uc a  c lo
ofo
m wate

, benzoic acid o
yd
oxybenzoate   ould be included in fo
mulation  containing
Gum Acacia.
Gum T
agacant : Gum T
agacant i  d
ied exudate  obtained f
om A t
agalu  gummif
e
o
ot e
pecie  of A t
agalu . It i  widely u ed a  u pending agent in fo
m
of t
agacant mucilage o
compound t
agacant powde
w ic con i t  of a mixtu

e of acacia (20%), t
agacant (15%), ta
c (20%) and uc
o e (45%). T
agacant
fo
m  vi cou  olution o
gel  wit wate
, depending on t e concent
ation u uall
y t e powde
ed t
agacant i  fi
t di pe
ed in a wetting agent, uc a  alco ol
, to p
event agglome
ation on t e addition of wate
. T
agacant gel  a
e non t i
xot
opic and mo t table at pH value  between 4 and 7.5. T
agacant i  non-toxic
and almo t ta tele  and i  widely u ed in u pen ion  fo
inte
nal u e. Being
le  ticky, it may al o be u ed fo
exte
nal application .
Gua
Gum: It con i t  of gum obtained f
om t e g
ound endo pe
m  of t e eed  of
Cyamop i  tet
agonolobu  belonging to family Legumino ae. Gua
Gum di pe
e  in
ot and cold wate
to fo
m a colloidal olution. A 1% aqueou  di pe
ion a  a
me vi co ity to acacia mucilage, w ile 3% di pe
ion a  imila
vi co ity to t

agacant mucilage. Gua
Gum i  a poo
u pending agent fo
in oluble powde
. It
i  employed a  a t ickene
in lotion  in concent
ation  up to 2.5%. Maximum ta
bility i  ac ieved at pH value  between 3 and 9. Di pe
ion  can be p
e e
ved wi
t benzoic acid 0.2%.
Sodium Alginate: Sodium Alginate con i t  of pu
ified ca
bo yd
ate p
oduct ext
a
cted f
om b
own eaweed  by u e of dilute alkali. It c iefly con i t  of odium
alt of alginic acid. Va
iou  g
ade  a
e u ually available comme
cially fo
diff
e
ent application  and yield olution  of va
iou  vi co itie . Sodium Alginate i
 lowly oluble in wate
. It i  no
mally u ed in concent
ation  of between 1% a
nd 5%. A 1% olution a  u pending p
ope
tie  imila
to t o e of t
agacant mu
cilage. Maximum tability i  ac ieved at pH value  between 4 and 10. It i  gene

ally di pe
ed in a wetting agent, uc a  alco ol, glyce
ol o
p
opylene glycol
befo
e addition to wate
to p
event lump fo
mation.
Xant an Gum: Xant an Gum con i t  of t e pu
ified poly acc a
ide gum obtained by
fe
mentation of a ca
bo yd
ate by bacte
ia of genu  Xant omona  c iefly Xant om
ona  campe t
i . It i  oluble in ot and cold wate
and p
oduce  a vi cou  p
od
uct t at i  table ove
a wide
ange of tempe
atu
e and pH. A 1% olution a  a
vi co ity of about 1000 centipoi e. Xant an Gum a  been u ed a  an alte
native
to t
agacant in t e p
epa
ation of u pen ion . In compa
i on to t
agacant , it
i  ea ie
to u e and i  capable of p
epa
ing u pen ion  of bette
quality and
imp
oved con i tency.
Ca

ageenan: Ca

ageenan con i t  of yd
ocolloidal mate
ial ext
acted f
om ce
t
ain
ed eaweed  of cla  R odop yceae. It i  oluble in 30 pa
t  of wate
at 80
o fo
ming a vi cou  clea
o
lig tly opale cent olution. Di pe
ion  of Ca

ag
eenan a
e table at pH value  between 4 and 10. Ca

ageenan i  u ed in p a
macy
and t e food indu t
y a  a u pending and gelling agent.
B. Semi-Synt etic Poly acc a
ide :
T e Semi-Synt etic poly acc a
ide  u ed a  u pending and t ickening agent  main
ly con i t  of de
ivative  of t e natu
al poly acc a
ide, cellulo e.
Sodium Ca
boxymet yl cellulo e: It i  al o known a  Ca
mello e Sodium, it con i 
t  of t e odium alt of Ca
boxymet yl et e
de
ivative of cellulo e. Diffe
ent
vi co ity g
ade  a
e available w ic yield 1% aqueou  olution  wit vi co itie 
in t e
ange of 6 to 4000 centipoi e. It i  u ed in t e concent
ation 
anging
f
om 0.25% to 1% in u pen ion  meant fo
o
al, topical and pa
ente
al u e. It i
 oluble in ot a  well a  cold wate
fo
ming table mucilage wit in t e
ange
of 5 and 10. Being anionic, it i  incompatible wit t e cationic compound . Aque
ou  p
epa
ation  t at i  unlikely to be to
ed fo
long pe
iod   ould contain a
n antimic
obial p
e e
vative.
Met yl cellulo e: It con i t  of t e et yl et e
de
ivative of cellulo e. It di 
pe
ed lowly in cold wate
to fo
m colloidal olution but i  in oluble in ot w
ate
. It i  mainly employed a  a u pending and vi co ity inc
ea ing agent fo
b
ot inte
nal and exte
nal p
epa
ation . Va
iou  g
ade  a
e available and a
e cla
ified acco
ding to t e vi co ity of a 2% olution at 20o. T e u e of t e lowe

vi co ity g
ade  i  p
efe

ed at concent
ation  up to 5% w ile ig e
vi co ity
g
ade  a
e u ed at concent
ation of 0.5% to 2%. An aqueou  di pe
ion may be p

epa
ed by adding t e met yl cellulo e to about one t i
d t e
equi
ed amount of
boiling wate
and w en t e powde
i  t o
oug ly yd
ated, adding t e
emainde
o
f t e wate
p
efe
ably in fo
m of ice and ti

ing until omogeneou . Met yl cel
lulo e i  nonionic and i  table ove
a wide
ange of pH value . Heating an aque
ou  di pe
ion fi
t cau e  a dec
ea e in vi co ity followed by de yd
ation and
gelling at 50o C. On cooling, oweve
vi co ity
etu
n  to no
mal.
Hyd
oxyet yl cellulo e: It con i t  of t e yd
oxyet yl et e
de
ivative of cell
ulo e and i  mainly u ed a  vi co ity inc
ea ing agent. It i  oluble in cold a 
well a  ot wate
and p
oduce  a clea
olution t at i  table even at ig e
t
empe
atu
e . Va
iou  g
ade  a
e available t at diffe
 in t ei
aqueou  vi co it
ie . Solution di play maximum tability in pH
ange 2 to 10.
Hyd
oxyp
opyl cellulo e: It con i t  of yd
oxyp
opyl et e
de
ivative of cellul
o e and i  mainly u ed a  a vi co ity en ancing agent fo
o
al and topical u e.
It i  oluble in wate
below 40o C and in oluble above t i  tempe
atu
e. A wide

ange of g
ade  a
e available t at diffe
 in t ei
aqueou  olution vi co itie 
. Maximum tability i  demon t
ated at pH
ange 2 to 10.
Hyd
oxyp
opyl met yl cellulo e: It i  al o known a  Hype
mello e, it con i t  of
t e yd
oxyp
opyl de
ivative of met yl cellulo e. It a  p
ope
tie  imila
to
t o e of met yl cellulo e but p
oduce  aqueou  olution  wit ig e
gelling poi
nt . Va
iou  g
ade  a
e available t at diffe
 in t ei
aqueou  olution vi co i
tie .
Mic
oc
y talline cellulo e: Mic
oc
y talline cellulo e i  widely u ed a  u pend
ing agent, eit e
alone o
in conjunction wit ot e
cellulo e de
ivative  uc
a  Ca
boxymet yl cellulo e odium o
ype
mello e o
wit clay  uc a  bentonit
e.
C. Clay :
Clay  a
e ino
ganic mate
ial , mainly yd
ated ilicate  de
ived f
om natu
al o
u
ce . T ey fo
m ig ly t ixot
opic gel . T e gel  mu t be p
e e
ved wit uitab
le antimic
obial agent  a  clay  a
e liable to eavy contamination wit mic
obia
l po
e .
Aluminium Magne ium Silicate: Al o known a  Veegum, Aluminium Magne ium Silicate
 i  mainly u ed at a concent
ation
ange of 0.5% to 2% a  a u pending agent fo

bot inte
nal and exte
nal p
epa
ation . A numbe
of diffe
ent g
ade  a
e avail
able; w ic a
e di tingui  ed by t e deg
ee of alkalinity and t e vi co ity of a
n aqueou  di pe
ion. Di pe
ion  in wate
a
e t ixot
opic, and at concent
ation
of 10% a fi
m gel i  obtained. T e vi co ity of di pe
ion  i  inc
ea ed by ea
ting, by addition of elect
olyte  and at ig e
concent
ation by ageing.
Bentonite: Bentonite i  a natu
al colloidal yd
ated aluminium ilicate found in
t e midwe t of USA and Canada. Alt oug it i  in oluble in wate
, it ab o
b  la

ge quantitie  of it and may well  up to 12 time  it  o
iginal volume. Bentonit
e in contact wit wate
fo
m  eit e
ol  o
gel  depending on it  concent
ation
. It i  gene
ally u ed at a concent
ation in between 0.5% to 2% fo
u pending p
owde
 in aqueou  p
epa
ation  uc a  calamine lotion. Di pe
ion  ow  maximum
tability at pH value  between 3 and 10.
Hecto
ite: Hecto
ite i  a natu
al colloidal magne ium ilicate aving p
ope
tie 
imila
to bentonite. It well  up to 36 time  it  o
iginal volume and fo
m  i
g ly t ixot
opic gel  at concent
ation of 1 to 2%. It may contain t
ace  of lit
ium and fluo
ine and i  mainly u ed in u pen ion  fo
exte
nal u e.
D. Synt etic Agent :
T e quality of ynt etic agent  tend  to be le  va
iable t an t at of u pendin
g agent  de
ived f
om natu
al ou
ce .
Ca
bome
: Ca
bome
i  a ig molecula
weig t polyme
of ac
ylic acid c
o linke
d wit allyl uc
o e. It di pe
ed in wate
to fo
m an acidic colloidal olution
of low vi co ity, w ic p
oduce  a ig vi cou  gel on neut
alization wit ino

ganic o
o
ganic ba e  like odium yd
oxide, t
iet anolamine, etc. eve
al vi c
o ity g
ade  a
e available and t e u ual concent
ation u ed va
ie  f
om 0.1% to
4% a  u pending agent. Ca
bome
gel  a
e mo t vi cou  between pH 6 and 11. T e
vi co ity i 
educed on lowe
ing t e pH to below 3 o

i ing above 12. Elect
oly
te  al o
educe t e vi co ity of ca
bopol di pe
ion . Ca
bome
i  u ceptible t
o oxidation e pecially on expo u
e to lig t and ence fo
mulation   ould be ta
bilized by addition of app
op
iate antioxidant  and c elating agent . Aqueou  di
pe
ion of Ca
bome
 ould al o contain an antimic
obial p
e e
vative.
Colloidal Silicon dioxide: T i  i  a fo
m of Silicon dioxide aving colloidal di
men ion . It act  a  a u pending agent by fo
ming agg
egate  w ic a ociate  t
o fo
m t
ee dimen ional netwo
k , t u  p
eventing edimentation. In a concent
a
tion between 1.5 to 4%, it act  a  a u pending tabilize
w ile at ig e
conce
nt
ation , it fo
m  a oft gel. Aqueou  di pe
ion  gene
ally ave a pH of 4 and
neut
alization doe  not affect t e binding capacity.
[edit]
2. WETTING AGENTS:
Alt oug ome in oluble olid  get ea ily wetted by wate
, mo t of t em ex ibit 
yd
op obicity and doe  not get ea ily wetted by it. Wetting agent  a
e additiv
e  w ic a
e u ually added to dec
ea e t i  yd
op obicity. T e e agent  gene
al
ly get ad o
bed at t e olid-liquid inte
face and p
omote wetting of t e olid p
a
ticle  by t e liquid of t e di pe
ion medium. A va
iety of ub tance  includi
ng t e following ave been employed a  wetting agent .
Su
factant : Gene
ally, Su
factant  po e ing HLB value  between 7 and 9 ave b
een employed a  wetting agent . T e e o
ient t em elve  at olid-liquid inte
fac
e and dec
ea e t e inte
facial ten ion between t e pa
ticle  of t e di pe
ed p
a e and t e di pe
ed medium. Mo t u
factant  a
e u ed at concent
ation of 0.1
to 0.2%. T e minimum concent
ation t at i  ufficient to cau e wetting  ould ge
ne
ally be employed ince an exce  of t e e agent  may cau e foaming in t e p
e
pa
ation. Example  of u
factant  employed fo
o
al p
epa
ation include  poly o

bate , o
bitan, e te
, etc. fo
exte
nal p
epa
ation , odium lau
yl ulfate,
odium dioctyl ulfo uccinate and quillia ext
act  can al o be u ed.
Hyd
op ilic Polyme
: Va
iou  yd
op ilic colloid  uc a  acacia, bentonite, co
lloidal ilicon dioxide and cellulo e de
ivative  ave al o been employed a  wet
ting agent . T e e act by coating t e u
face of yd
op obic pa
ticle  and impa

ting yd
op ilic c a
acte
to t e e.
Hyd
op ilic Liquid : Hyd
op ilic liquid  uc a  alco ol, glyce
ol, p
opylene gl
ycol, etc. a
e ometime  employed a  wetting agent . T e e penet
ate t e loo e a
gg
egate  of olid pa
ticle  and di place t e ai
f
om t e po
e  t u  facilitati
ng wetting of t e pa
ticle  by t e di pe
ion medium.
[edit]
3. DISPERSING AGENT
T e e additive  a
e gene
ally added a  an aid to unifo
m di t
ibution and di pe

ion of olid pa
ticle  of t e di pe
ed p a e. Suc agent  a
e gene
ally u ed d
u
ing t e p
epa
ation of deflocculated u pen ion  w e
e t ey get ad o
bed at t
e olid-liquid inte
face. Wetting agent  uc a  u
factant  a
e often employed
a  di pe
ing agent . Ot e
agent  u ed fo
t i  pu
po e include agent  uc a 
Da
van , Daxad , etc. w ic ca

y a good u
face c a
ge and get ab o
bed on t e
pa
ticle  of t e di pe
ed p a e t u  p
eventing t ei
agglome
ation.
[edit]
4. FLOCCULATING AGENTS:
T e e a
e ub tance  added to cau e cont
olled agg
egation of t e pa
ticle  of t
e di pe
ed p a e in a u pen ion. Example  of uc agent  include u
factant ,
elect
olyte  and yd
op ilic polyme
.
Su
factant : Ionic a  well a  non-ionic u
factant  may be employed a  flocculat
ion agent. T e ionic u
factant  uc a  odium lau
yl ulp ate and odium dioct
yl ulfo uccinate act by neut
alizing t e u
face c a
ge on t e pa
ticle  of t e
di pe
ed p a e, t e
eby
educing inte
-pa
ticulate
epul ion and cau ing agg
e
gation. Non-ionic one  uc a  Span  and Tween  a
e believed to function by fo
m
ation of b
idge  between t e adjacent pa
ticle .
Elect
olyte : Elect
olyte  uc a  odium alt of acetate , p o p ate  and cit
a
te  ave been commonly employed a  flocculating agent . T e e act  by neut
alizi
ng t e u
face c a
ge on t e pa
ticle  of t e di pe
ed p a e t e
eby
educing t
e elect
ical ba

ie
between t em. T e effectivene  of t e elect
olyte  a  flo
cculating agent  depend  on t e valance of t e ion  of t e e elect
olyte . T u ,
divalent ion  a
e ten time  mo
e effective t en t e monovalent ion  w ile t
iva
lent one  a
e t ou and time  mo
e effective. T e concent
ation of t e elect
olyt
e  u ed  ould be minimum t at i 
equi
ed to cau e flocculation ince an exce 
may cau e
eve
al of t i  p enomenon.
Hyd
op ilic Polyme
: Hyd
op ilic polyme
 uc a  alginate , cellulo e de
ivati
ve , t
agacant , ca
bome
, ilicate , etc. ave al o been know to cau e floccul
ation of pa
ticle  of t e di pe
ed p a e. T e e polyme
 ave a linea
b
anc ed
c ain t
uctu
e and fo
m a gel like netwo
k wit in t e y tem. T ey get ad o
be
d on to t e u
face of t e di pe
ed pa
ticle  and old t em in a flocculated t
ate.

[edit]
Some Su pen ion P
oduct  available in USA

Some Su pen ion P
oduct  available in USA.

S. No. P
oduct name Manufactu
e Active Ing
edient  & do e Indicati
on 
1. Megac (40 mg/ml) B
i tol –Meye
Mege t
ol acetate
20ml/day i.e., 800 mg/day Ano
exia
2. Teg
etal (100 mg/5ml.) Nova
ti  P a
maceutical  Ltd. Ca
bamazepine
400mg/day (one tea poonful fou
time  a day Anticonvul ant 
3. Indocin o
al u pen ion
25 mg/5 ml Me
ck and Co. Indomet acin o
al u pen ion
5-50 mg two time  a day R eumatoid a
t
iti 
Anti-inflammato
y
4. Vi at
yl o
al u pen ion
25 mg/ml Pfize
Hyd
oxazine Pamoate
50-100 mg fou
time  a day Antianxiety
5. Sept
a Su pen ion (40 mg T
imet op
in + 200 mg ulp amet oxazole /5 ml
Mona
c T
imet op
in + ulp amet oxazole
Two to fou
poonful eve
y 12 ou
 fo
10-14 day  U
ina
y T
act Infection
Otiti  media
6. Nap
o yn u pen ion (125mg /5 ml) Roc e Lab Nap
oxen
250 mg two time  a day NSAID 
A
t
iti 
7. Paxil u pen ion
10mg/5 ml Glaxo-Smit Kline Pa
oxetin yd
oc lo
ide
20 mg/day Antidep
e ant 
8. Minocin u pen ion
(50mg/5ml) Lede
le P a
maceutical Minocycline
200 mg initially followed by 100 mg daily. Anti-infective
[edit]
Li t of medicinal u pen ion  available in USP
Acetaminop en O
al Su pen ion
Acetaminop en and Codeine P o p ate O
al Su pen ion
Acyclovi
O
al Su pen ion
Albendazole O
al Su pen ion
Alumina and Magne ia O
al Su pen ion
Alumina, Magne ia, and Calcium Ca
bonate O
al Su pen ion
Alumina, Magne ia, and Simet icone O
al Su pen ion
Alumina and Magne ium Ca
bonate O
al Su pen ion
Alumina and Magne ium T
i ilicate O
al Su pen ion
Diazoxide O
al Su pen ion
Dicloxacillin Sodium fo
O
al Su pen ion
Di yd
oxyaluminum Aminoacetate Magma
Doxycycline fo
O
al Su pen ion
Doxycycline Calcium O
al Su pen ion
E
yt
omycin E tolate O
al Su pen ion
E
yt
omycin E tolate fo
O
al Su pen ion
E
yt
omycin E tolate and Sulfi oxazole Acetyl O
al Su pen ion
E
yt
omycin Et yl uccinate O
al Su pen ion
E
yt
omycin Et yl uccinate fo
O
al Su pen ion
E
yt
omycin Et yl uccinate and Sulfi oxazole Acetyl fo
O
al Su pen ion
E t
adiol Injectable Su pen ion
E t
one Injectable Su pen ion
Fe
umox il O
al Su pen ion
Fluo
omet olone Op t almic Su pen ion
Fu
azolidone O
al Su pen ion
Gentamicin and P
edni olone Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
G
i eofulvin O
al Su pen ion
Hyd
oco
ti one Injectable Su pen ion
Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
Hyd
oxyzine Pamoate O
al Su pen ion
Ibup
ofen O
al Su pen ion
Imipenem and Cila tatin fo
Injectable Su pen ion
Indomet acin O
al Su pen ion
I oflup
edone Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
Ketoconazole O
al Su pen ion
Lo
aca
bef fo
O
al Su pen ion
Magald
ate O
al Su pen ion
Magald
ate and Simet icone O
al Su pen ion
Milk of Magne ia
Magne ium Ca
bonate and Sodium Bica
bonate fo
O
al Su pen ion
Mebendazole O
al Su pen ion
Med
oxyp
oge te
one Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
Mege t
ol Acetate O
al Su pen ion
Mep
obamate O
al Su pen ion
Met acycline Hyd
oc lo
ide O
al Su pen ion
Amoxicillin fo
Injectable Su pen ion
Met enamine Mandelate O
al Su pen ion
Amoxicillin fo
O
al Su pen ion
Amoxicillin O
al Su pen ion
Met yldopa O
al Su pen ion
Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Pota ium fo
O
al Su pen ion
Met ylp
edni olone Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
Minocycline Hyd
oc lo
ide O
al Su pen ion
Nalidixic Acid O
al Su pen ion
Nap
oxen O
al Su pen ion
Natamycin Op t almic Su pen ion
Ampicillin fo
Injectable Su pen ion
Ampicillin fo
O
al Su pen ion
Neomycin Sulfate and Hyd
oco
ti one Otic Su pen ion
Neomycin Sulfate and Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
Ampicillin and P
obenecid fo
O
al Su pen ion
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfate  and Dexamet a one Op t almic Su pen ion
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfate  and Hyd
oco
ti one Op t almic Su pen ion
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfate  and Hyd
oco
ti one Otic Su pen ion
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfate  and Hyd
oco
ti one
Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfate  and P
edni olone
Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
Neomycin Sulfate and P
edni olone Acetate Op t almic
Nit
ofu
antoin O
al Su pen ion
Ny tatin O
al Su pen ion
Ny tatin fo
O
al Su pen ion
Oxfendazole O
al Su pen ion
Oxytet
acycline and Ny tatin fo
O
al Su pen ion
Oxytet
acycline Calcium O
al Su pen ion
Oxytet
acycline Hyd
oc lo
ide and Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate
Penicillin G Benzat ine Injectable Su pen ion
Penicillin G Benzat ine O
al Su pen ion
Penicillin G Benzat ine and Penicillin G P
ocaine Injectable
Penicillin G P
ocaine Injectable Su pen ion
Penicillin G P
ocaine fo
Injectable Su pen ion
Penicillin G P
ocaine and Di yd
o t
eptomycin Sulfate Injectable Su pen ion
Penicillin G P
ocaine, Di yd
o t
eptomycin Sulfate
C lo
p eni
amine Maleate, and Dexamet a one Injectable Su pen ion
Penicillin G P
ocaine, Di yd
o t
eptomycin Sulfate
P
edni olone Injectable Su pen ion
Penicillin G P
ocaine, Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfate 
Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate Topical Su pen ion
Penicillin V fo
O
al Su pen ion
Penicillin V Benzat ine O
al Su pen ion
P enytoin O
al Su pen ion
C
omic P o p ate P 32 Su pen ion
P
edni olone Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
P
edni olone Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
P
edni olone Tebutate Injectable Su pen ion
P
imidone O
al Su pen ion
P
oge te
one Injectable Su pen ion
P
opoxyp ene Nap ylate O
al Su pen ion
P
opyliodone Injectable Oil Su pen ion
P yllium Hyd
op ilic Mucilloid fo
O
al Su pen ion
Py
antel Pamoate O
al Su pen ion
Py
vinium Pamoate O
al Su pen ion
Rifampin O
al Su pen ion
Rimexolone Op t almic Su pen ion
Atovaquone O
al Su pen ion
Simet icone O
al Su pen ion
Sodium Poly ty
ene Sulfonate Su pen ion
Spectinomycin fo
Injectable Su pen ion
Au
ot iogluco e Injectable Su pen ion
Sulfacetamide Sodium Topical Su pen ion
Sulfacetamide Sodium and P
edni olone Acetate Op t almic Su pen ion
Sulfadimet oxine O
al Su pen ion
Sulfamet izole O
al Su pen ion
Sulfamet oxazole O
al Su pen ion
Sulfamet oxazole and T
imet op
im O
al Su pen ion
Sulfi oxazole Acetyl O
al Su pen ion
Te to te
one Injectable Su pen ion
Tet
acycline O
al Su pen ion
Bacampicillin Hyd
oc lo
ide fo
O
al Su pen ion
Tet
acycline Hyd
oc lo
ide Op t almic Su pen ion
Tet
acycline Hyd
oc lo
ide O
al Su pen ion
T iabendazole O
al Su pen ion
T io
idazine O
al Su pen ion
Tob
amycin and Dexamet a one Op t almic Su pen ion
Tob
amycin and Fluo
omet olone Acetate Op t almic
T
iamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Su pen ion
T
iamcinolone Diacetate Injectable Su pen ion
T
iamcinolone Hexacetonide Injectable Su pen ion
T
iflup
omazine O
al Su pen ion
T
i ulfapy
imidine  O
al Su pen ion
Ba
ium Sulfate fo
Su pen ion
Ba
ium Sulfate Su pen ion
Betamet a one Sodium P o p ate and Betamet a one
B
inzolamide Op t almic Su pen ion
Calcium Ca
bonate O
al Su pen ion
Calcium and Magne ium Ca
bonate  O
al Su pen ion
Ca
bamazepine O
al Su pen ion
Cefaclo
fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cefad
oxil fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cefixime fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cefpodoxime P
oxetil fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cefp
ozil fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cellulo e Sodium P o p ate fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cep alexin fo
O
al Su pen ion
Cep
adine fo
O
al Su pen ion
C lo
amp enicol and Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate fo
Op t almic
C lo
amp enicol Palmitate O
al Su pen ion
C lo
ot iazide O
al Su pen ion
C ole ty
amine fo
O
al Su pen ion
Ciclopi
ox Olamine Topical Su pen ion
Cla
it
omycin fo
O
al Su pen ion
Clindamycin P o p ate Topical Su pen ion
Cole tipol Hyd
oc lo
ide fo
O
al Su pen ion
Coli tin Sulfate fo
O
al Su pen ion
Coli tin and Neomycin Sulfate  and Hyd
oco
ti one Acetate
Co
ticot
opin Zinc Hyd
oxide Injectable Su pen ion
Co
ti one Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
Demeclocycline O
al Su pen ion
De oxyco
tico te
one Pivalate Injectable Su pen ion
Dexamet a one Op t almic Su pen ion
Dexamet a one Acetate Injectable Su pen ion
Mege t
ol Acetate O
al Su pen ion
Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Pota ium fo
O
al Su pen ion
Atovaquone O
al Su pen ion
B
inzolamide Op t almic Su pen ion
Cefpodoxime P
oxetil fo
O
al Su pen ion
Fe
umox il O
al Su pen ion
Mege t
ol Acetate O
al Su pen ion
Sulfadimet oxine O
al Su pen ion
Met ylp
edni olone Acetate fo
Rectal Su pen ion
Ketoconazole O
al Su pen ion
Cellulo e Sodium P o p ate fo
O
al Su pen ion
Hyd
oco
ti one Rectal Su pen ion
Tet
acycline Hyd
oc lo
ide O
al Su pen ion
Sulfacetamide Sodium Topical Su pen ion
Met ylp
edni olone Acetate fo
Rectal
[edit]
Some Su pen ion P
oduct  available in India
Some Su pen ion P
oduct  available in India.
S. No. P
oduct name Manufactu
e Active Ing
edient  & do e Indicati
on 
1. Ce
ecetam (1g/5ml) Inta  P a
maeutical  Ltd. Pi
acetam
2 Tea poonful Mental Reta
dation,
Lea
ning p
oblem in c ild
en
2. Suc
al (1g/10 ml) St
a enbu
g Suc
alfate
(1g fou
time  a day) Duodenal ga t
ic ulce

3. Acicot (1g/10 ml) Skymax Suc
alfate
(1g fou
time  a day) Duodenal ga t
ic ulce

4. Gelu il (625 mg Magne ium t
i ilicate and 312 mg Aluminium yd
oxide gel
pe
5 ml) Wamme
P a
ma Magne ium t
i ilicate and Aluminium yd
oxide ge
l
(5-10 ml) Half an ou
afte
meal Antacid
5. Diaba-M
(100 mg Met
onidazole and 100 mg ofloxacin) Sun P a
ma Met
onidazole an
d ofloxacin
5 ml two time  a day Dia

oea
6. Zenotin (50 mg/5 ml) Mankind P a
ma Met
onidazole and ofloxacin
50 mg-100 mg Dia

oea of mixed o
igin
6. Clavot
ol
31.25 mg Amoxycillin and 125 mg Clauvulanic acid pe
5 ml A t
a-Zeneca
Amoxycillin and Clauvulanic acid
Two tea poonful Uppe
/lowe

e pi
ato
y t
act infection