IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Direct Torque Control - A survey
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I. I NTRODUCTION
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A. Field Oriented Control
First paper in 1971 .
II. D IRECT TORQUE C ONTROL
Direct Torque Control (DTC) in 1984 [1], [2].
Direct Self Control (DSC) in 1988 [3]
DTC and DSC are characterised by simplicity, good perfor-
mance and robustness [4] . Using DTC or DSC it is possible
to obtain a good dynamic control of the torque without any
mechanical transducers on the machine shaft. DTC and DSC
can be considered as sensorless type control techniques.
The basic scheme of DSC is preferable in the high power
range applications, where a lower inverter switching frequency
can justify higher current distortion. In this paper, the attention
will be mainly focused on the basic DTC scheme, which is
more suitable in the small and medium power range applica-
tions.
Advantages
• DTC does not require current regulators.
• DTC does not require coordinate transformation.
• DTC does not require PWM.
• DTC is not sensitive to parameters of the machine.
Disadvantages
• it is hard to control torque and flux at very low speed.
• high current and torque ripple.
• variable switching frequency.
• high noise level at low speed.
• lack of direct current control.
III. S TATE - OF - THE - ART REVISION
There are many control strategies proposed to perform DTC.
In particular, the following solutions have found academic and
industrial development:
• Improving switching tables [5], [6]. 90’s.
• Using two-three level comparators [6], [7]. 90’s.
• Using fixed switching frequency through PWM-SVM
algorithms [8]–[10]. 90’s.
• Fancy controllers [11], [12]. 95-05’s.
• Fancy flux estimators [13]–[16]. 00-05’s.
• MPC DTC [17]–[20]. 2010’s.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
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