Kimrong Khola Small Hydropower Project

Preliminary Design of Pelton Turbine

Design Head (Net head) Hn ≔ 353.43 m

m3
Design Discharge Qp ≔ 2.98 ――
s

Number of Units z≔2

Current frequency f ≔ 50 Hz

Nozzel Center NCL ≔ 1494.01 m

Level
Water temperature Wtemp ≔ 20 °C

Permissible value for Specific speed and number of pole pairs of generator
Qp m3
Rated Discharge of Turbine Qd ≔ ―― = 1.49 ――
z s
Specific Speed Limit
⎛ ―⎞
1
30 ⎜
Discharge related specific ⎝rpm ⋅ m ⎟⎠ = 6.919 rpm
4
nq ≔ ――1
speed of limit design ―
4
Hn
If nq >7.74, select multiple jet pelton turbine

Number of jet zj ≔ 1
‾‾‾‾
Hn rpm
Permissible operating speed n' ≔ 30 ⋅ ―― ⋅ m ⋅ ―― 1
= 462.04 rpm
Qd ―
―― s
2
zj

60 ⋅ f ⎛ rpm ⎞
Minimum Pair of the pole pmin ≔ ――⎜―― ⎟ = 6.493
n' ⎝ Hz ⎠
Synchoronous speed (turbine/generator)
Upper value of Pair of pole p ≔ ceil ⎛⎝pmin⎞⎠ = 7
of generator

If value of p is unacceptable input acceptable value of p (higher value) below, else

provied the same value as calculated. Even number of generator poles pair are
preferable, but generator with odd pair of poles are also available (C.C warnick,
Capter 4, Page 50)
p≔7

if “OK”
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 Kimrong Khola Small Hydropower Project

if pmin > p = “OK”

‖ “Select higher value for p”
‖
else
‖ “OK”
‖

60 ⋅ f ⎛ rpm ⎞
Sunchoronous speed of n ≔ ――⎜―― ⎟ = 428.571 rpm
generator/turbine p ⎝ Hz ⎠

Type of turbine 1
―⎛ ―1 ⎞
2⎜ s ⎟
2
Qd
Discharge related nqw ≔ n ⋅ ―― 3
⎜ ――3
⎟ = 6.418 rpm
specific speed of turbine ―⎜
4
―⎟
4
Hn ⎜⎝ m ⎟⎠
1
―
2
⎛ Qd ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ ―
⎝ zj ⎠ ⎜ s ⎟
2
Discharge related nq ≔ n ⋅ ――― 3
⎜ ―― 3
⎟ = 6.418 rpm
specific speed of turbine ― ⎜
4
―⎟
4
related to jet Hn ⎜⎝ m ⎟⎠

kW (metric) related nskw ≔ 2.97 ⋅ nq = 19.061 rpm

specific speed

Pelton turbine preliminary sizing

1
―
Pitch circle diameter of the runnel ⎛ Qd ⎞ 2

⎜―― ⎟ −1
―― ―
1
40 ⎝ zj ⎠
Runner diameter
4 2
D ≔ ― ⋅ ――― 1
⋅ rpm ⋅ m ⋅ s = 1.755 m
nq ―
4
Hn
1 1
4 ‾‾‾
Qd −― ―
From limit design
2 2
Dmin ≔ ―⋅ ―― ⋅ m ⋅ s = 1.628 m
3 zj

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 Kimrong Khola Small Hydropower Project

kN
Rated capacity of turbine N ≔ 9.81 ⋅ 0.88 ⋅ Qd ⋅ Hn ⋅ ―― = 4.546 MW
m3

Sizing of Bucket

nq
Jet diameter d ≔ ―― ⋅ D ⋅ rpm −1 = 0.153 m Varies from 0.08 to
73.4 0.34 m in general
⎛ 2.8 + 3.6 ⎞
Bucket length a ≔ ⎜―――⎟ ⋅ d = 0.491 m
⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛ 2.8 + 4.0 ⎞
Bucket width b ≔ ⎜―――⎟ ⋅ d = 0.522 m
⎝ 2 ⎠
Bucket depth c ≔ 0.95 ⋅ d = 0.146 m

Wheel diameter Do ≔ D + a = 2.246 m

Housing diameter L ≔ 0.78 ⋅ m + 2.06 ⋅ Do = 5.406 m For Vertical shaft

Width of tailwater flume B ≔ 1.5 ⋅ m + 0.75 ⋅ Do = 3.184 m

Vertical Shaft Arrangement

Roof height of the housing hR ≔ 0.45 ⋅ Do = 1.011 m 10% deviation

⎛ 0.5 + 1 ⎞
Setting height hs ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ m + 0.5 ⋅ Do = 1.873 m the first term
⎝ 2 ⎠ could be 1.5 m
b
F h i ht h h 1 612
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 Kimrong Khola Small Hydropower Project
b
Free height hf ≔ hs − ―= 1.612 m
2

⎛ 0.5 + 1 ⎞ b
Setting height for horizontal hshz ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ m + 0.5 ⋅ Do − ―= 1.612 m
shaft ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

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 Kimrong Khola Small Hydropower Project

Water depth in tailwater pit

In the preliminary phase of planning a tailrace velocity between 1 and 1.5 m/s might
be assumed
m
Tailwater velocity vt ≔ 1 ―
s
⎛B ⎞
Tailwater width Bt ≔ round ⎜―, 1⎟ m = 3.2 m
⎝m ⎠
Qd
Tailwater flow depth Ht ≔ ――= 0.466 m
v t ⋅ Bt

Tailwater depth at pit Htpit ≔ 1 m + Do = 3.246 m

Spiral Case Dimension

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 Kimrong Khola Small Hydropower Project

Spiral case external M ≔ 2 m + 2.8 ⋅ Do = 8.288 m

dimension 1
―
‾‾‾
Hn m 2 m
Stub velocity vs ≔ ―――― = 7.52 ―
2.5 s s

‾‾‾‾‾
4 Qd
Stub diameter A≔ ――= 0.502 m
π ⋅ vs
kN
Rated output suppliable to Nunit ≔ 9.81 ⋅ 0.88 ⋅ 0.97 ⋅ 0.985 ⋅ Qd ⋅ Hn ⋅ ―― = 4.344 MW
grid m3
Output with overloading Noverload ≔ 1.1 ⋅ Nunit = 4.778 MW
(10%)

Total capacity of plant Np ≔ z ⋅ Nunit = 8.687 MW

available for the power
netwoek

Weight
Full weight of horizontal shaft single jet of 2 jet turbine
3
―
35000 ⋅ N −1 2
G ≔ ――― 3
⋅ 1000 kg ⋅ MW ⋅ m = 23947.175 kg
―
2
Hn

G kg
Specific weight ―= 5267.602 ――
N MW
3000 to 12000 kg /MW lower value pretain to higher head

Weight of complete vertical axis multi jet Pelton assembly

⎛ 1
― ⎞
⎜ Hn MW 2 2500 ⋅ N m 1.2 ⎟
G ≔ ⎜―― ⋅ ――― + ――― 1.2
⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ 1000 kg = 175706.428 kg
⎜⎝ ‾‾
N m H n
MW ⎟⎠

G kg
Specific weight ―= 38649.715 ――
N MW
applicable for outputs exceeding 5 MW and head exceeding 150 m. range of
specific weight 500 to 12000 kg /MW lower value pretain to higher head

Full weight of turbine includes weights of distributor and runner with

shaft and housing and does not include weight of inlet valve, governor,
and pit lining
Weight of runners
N m
G ≔ 100 ⋅ ――⋅ ――⋅ 1000 kg = 1286.287 kg
Hn MW
250 to 500 kg /MW for lower head it may be about 800 kg/MW

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