Exercise 12.

5 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Page 371
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

Question # 1
Solve the following triangle ABC in which:
b = 95, c = 34, α = 52 .
Solution
b = 95, c = 34, α = 52 .
By law of cosine
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cosα
= (95) 2 + (34) 2 − 2(95)(34)cos52
= 9025 + 1156 − 6460(0.6157) = 6203.578
⇒ a = 6203.578 ⇒ a = 78.76
Again by law of cosine
c2 + a2 − b2 (34)2 + (78.76)2 − (95) 2
cos β = =
2ca 2(34)(78.76)
1156 + 6203.138 − 9025 1665.862
= =− = −0.311
5355.68 5355.68
β = cos −1 (−0.311) ⇒ β = 108 7′20′′
Since in any triangle
α + β + γ = 180
⇒ γ = 180 − α − β = 180 − 52 − 108 7′20′′ ⇒ γ = 19 52′40′′

Question # 2
Solve the following triangle ABC in which:
b = 12.5 , c = 23 , α = 38 20′
Solution
b = 12.5 , c = 23 , α = 38 20′
By law of cosine
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cosα
= (12.5) 2 + (23)2 − 2(12.5)(23)cos38 20′
= 156.25 + 529 − 575(0.7844) = 234.21
⇒ a = 234.21 ⇒ a = 15.304
Again by law of cosine
c2 + a2 − b2 (23)2 + (15.304) 2 − (12.5) 2
cos β = =
2ca 2(23)(15.304)
529 + 234.21 − 156.25 606.96
= = = 0.8622
703.984 703.984
β = cos −1 (0.8622) ⇒ β = 30 26′
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Since in any triangle

α + β + γ = 180
⇒ γ = 180 − α − β = 180 − 38 20′ − 30 26′ ⇒ γ = 11114′

Question # 3
Solve the following triangle ABC in which:
a = 3 − 1 = 0.732 , b = 3 + 1 = 2.732 , γ = 60
Solution
a = 3 − 1 = 0.732 , b = 3 + 1 = 2.732 , γ = 60
By law of cosine
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − ab cos γ
= (0.732) 2 + (2.732) 2 − 2(0.732)(2.732)cos60
= 0.5358 + 7.4638 − 1.9998 = 5.9998 ≈ 6
⇒ c = 6 = 2.449
Again by law of cosines
b2 + c2 − a2 (2.732) 2 + (2.449) 2 − (0.732)
cosα = =
2bc 2(2.732)(2.449)
7.4638 + 5.9976 − 0.5358 12.9256
= = = 0.9659
13.3813 13.3813
⇒ α = cos −1 (0.9659) ⇒ α = 15
Since in any triangle
α + β + γ = 180
⇒ β = 180 − α − γ = 180 − 15 − 60 ⇒ β = 105
Question # 4
Solve the following triangle ABC in which:
a = 3 , b = 6 , γ = 36 20′
Solution
Do yourself as above
Question # 5
Solve the following triangle ABC in which:
a = 7 , b = 3 , γ = 38 13′
Solution
Do yourself as above
Question # 6
Solve the following triangle, using first law of tangent and then law of sines:
a = 36.21 , b = 42.09 , γ = 44 29′
Solution
Since α + β + γ = 180
⇒ α + β = 180 − γ
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= 180 − 44 29′
⇒ α + β = 135 31′ ………….. (i)
By law of tangent
α − β  α − β 
tan   tan  
a−b  2  36.21 − 42.09  2 
= ⇒ =
a+b α + β  36.21 + 42.09  135 31′ 
tan   tan  
 2   2 
α − β  α − β 
tan   tan  
−5.88  2   2 
⇒ = ⇒ − 0.0751 =
(
78.3 tan 67 45′ ) 2.4443
α − β 
⇒ tan   = −0.0751( 2.4443)
 2 
= −0.1836
α−β
⇒ = tan −1 ( −0.1836 )
2
α−β
⇒ = −10 24′ ⇒ α − β = −20 48′ ………….. (ii)
2
Adding (i) & (ii)
α + β = 135 31′
α − β = − 20 48′
2α = 114 43′ ⇒ α = 57 22′
Putting value of α in eq. (i)
57 22′ + β = 135 22′
⇒ β = 135 22′ − 57 22′ ⇒ β = 78 9′
Now by law of sine
c a c 36.21
= ⇒ =
sin γ sin α sin 44 29′ sin 57 22′
36.21
⇒ c= ⋅ sin 44 29′
sin 57 22′
36.21
= ⋅ 0.7007 ⇒ c = 30.13
0.8421
Question # 7, 8 & 9
Solve the following triangle, using first law of tangent and then law of sines:
(7) a = 93, c = 101, α = 80 (8) b = 14.8, c = 16.1, α = 42 45′
(9) a = 319, b = 168, α = 110 22′
Solution
Do yourself as above

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FSc-I - 12.5 - 4

Question # 10
Solve the following triangle, using first law of tangent and then law of sines:
b = 61 , c = 32 , α = 59 30′
Solution
b = 61 , c = 32 , α = 59 30′
Since α + β + γ = 180
⇒ β + γ = 180 − α
= 180 − 59 30′
⇒ β + γ = 120 30′ ………….. (i)
By law of tangent
 β −γ   β −γ 
tan   tan  
b−c  2  61 − 32  2 
= ⇒ =
b+c  β +γ  61 + 32  120 30′ 
tan   tan  
 2   2 
 β −γ   β −γ 
tan   tan  
⇒
29
=  2  ⇒ 0.3118 =  2 
(
93 tan 60 15′ ) 1.7496
 β −γ 
⇒ tan   = 0.3118 (1.7496 )
 2 
= 0.5455
β −γ
⇒ = tan −1 ( 0.5455 )
2
β −γ
⇒ = 28 37′ ⇒ β − γ = 57 14′ ………….. (ii)
2
Adding (i) & (ii)
β + γ = 120 30′
β − γ = 57 14′
2β = 177 44′ ⇒ β = 88 52′
Putting value of α in eq. (i)
88 52′ + γ = 120 30′
⇒ γ = 120 30′ − 88 52′ ⇒ γ = 31 38′
Now by law of sine
c a 32 a
= ⇒ =
sin γ sin α sin 31 38′ sin 59 30′
32
⇒ c= ⋅ sin 59 30′
sin 31 38′
32
= ⋅ 0.8616 ⇒ c = 52.57
0.5244

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 FSc-I - 12.5 - 5

Question # 11
Measure of two sides of the triangle are in the ratio 3: 2 and they include an angle of
measure 57 . Find the remaining two angles.
Solution
Let a : b = 3: 2
a 3 3
i.e. = ⇒ a= b
b 2 2
and γ = 57
Since α + β + γ = 180
⇒ α + β = 180 − γ
= 180 − 57 ⇒ α + β = 123 ……….. (i)
By law of tangent
α − β  3 α − β 
tan   b − b tan  
a −b  2  2  2 
= ⇒ =
a+b α + β  3
b + b tan  123 
tan  
 2  2  2 
1 α − β  α − β 
b tan   tan  
⇒ 2 =  2  ⇒ =
1  2 
5 (
b tan 61 30′ ) 5 1.8418
2
α − β  1
⇒ tan   = (1.8418 )
 2  5
= 0.3684
α−β
⇒ = tan −1 ( 0.3684 ) = 20 13′
2
⇒ α − β = 40 26′ ……….. (ii)
Adding (i) & (ii)
α + β = 123
α − β = 40 27′
2α = 163 27′ ⇒ α = 81 44′
Putting value of α in eq. (i)
81 44′ + β = 123
⇒ β = 123 − 81 44′ ⇒ β = 4116′
Question # 12
Two forces of 40N and 30N are represented by AB and BC which are inclined at an
angle of 147 25′ . Find AC , the resultant of AB and BC .
Solution
Since AB = c = 40 N

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BC = a = 30 N C
m∠B = β = 147 25′
AC = b = ? a = 30
By law of cosine
b 2 = c 2 + a 2 − 2ca cos β β
2 2
= (40) + (30) − 2(40)(30)cos147 25′ A c = 40 B
= 1600 + 900 − 2400(−0.8426)
= 4522.26
⇒ b = 4522.26 = 67.248
i.e. AC = 67.248 N
If you found any error, submit at http://www.mathcity.org/error

Book: Exercise 12.5

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format

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Updated: August,24,2017.

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