Exercise 3.

8 (Solutions)Page177
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0
Question # 1 dy
Check each of the following equations written ⇒ y
dx
= 1 + e2 x (
⇒ ydy = 1 + e2 x dx)
against the differential equation is its solution. On integrating
dy
∫ ydy ∫ (1 + e ) dx
2x
(i) x = 1 + y , y = cx − 1 =
dx
dy 1 y2 e2 x c
(ii) x 2 ( 2 y + 1) − 1 = 0 , y 2 + y = c − ⇒ = x+ + ⇒ y 2 = 2 x + e2 x + c
dx x 2 2 2
dy ⇒ y 2 = 2 x + e2 x + c
(iii) y − e 2 x = 1 , y 2 = 2 x + e2 x + c
dx
1 dy 2 1 dy
(iv) − 2y = 0 , y = ce x (iv) − 2y = 0
x dx x dx
dy y2 + 1 ⇒
1 dy
= 2y ⇒
dy
(v)
dx
=
e − x
, (
y = Tan e x + c ) x dx dx
= 2 xy

Solution dy
⇒ = 2 xdx
dy y
(i) x = 1+ y
dx On integrating
dy dx dy
⇒ x dy = (1 + y ) dx ⇒ =
1+ y x ∫ y = 2∫ xdx
Integrating both sides x2
⇒ ln y = 2 ⋅ + ln c
dy dx 2
∫ 1+ y = ∫ x = x 2 + ln c
⇒ ln (1 + y ) = ln x + ln c = x 2 ln e + ln c ∵ ln e = 1
= ln cx = ln e + ln c x2
⇒ 1 + y = cx 2

⇒ y = cx − 1 Proved ⇒ ln y = ln ce x
2
⇒ y = ce x Proved
dy
(ii) x 2 ( 2 y + 1) − 1 = 0
dx dy y2 + 1 dy
dy (v) = −x
⇒ 2 = e x dx
⇒ x 2 ( 2 y + 1) = 1 ⇒ x 2 ( 2 y + 1) dy = dx dx e y +1
dx Integrating both sides
1
⇒ ( 2 y + 1) dy = 2 dx ⇒ ∫ 2
dy
= ∫ e x dx
x y +1
On integrating
1 ⇒ Tan −1 y = e x + c
∫ ( 2 y + 1) dy = ∫ x 2 dx ⇒ y = Tan e x + c ( )
⇒ 2 ∫ ydy + ∫ dy = ∫ x −2 dx
Solve the following differential equations:
2 −2 +1 Question # 2
y x
⇒ 2⋅ +y= +c dy
2 −2 + 1 = −y
x −1 dx
⇒ y2 + y = +c Solution
−1
1 dy dy
⇒ y2 + y = c − Proved = −y ⇒ = − dx
x dx y
On integrating
dy 2 x dy
(iii) y
dx
−e =1 ∫ y = − ∫ dx
FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 2

ln y = − x + ln c Solution
= − x ln e + ln c ∵ ln e = 1 dy
sin y cosec x = 1
dx
= ln e − x + ln c
dx
⇒ ln y = ln ce− x ⇒ y = ce− x ⇒ sin y dy =
cosec x
Question # 3 ⇒ sin y dy = sin x dx
ydx + xdy = 0 Integrating
Solution ∫ sin y dy = ∫ sin x dx
ydx + xdy = 0 ⇒ ydx = − xdy ⇒ − cos y = − cos x − c
dx dy ⇒ cos y = cos x + c
⇒ = −
x y Question # 7
On integrating xdy + y ( x − 1) dx = 0
ln x
= − ln y + ln c
Solution
c
⇒ ln x = ln xdy + y ( x − 1) dx = 0
y
c ⇒ xdy = − y ( x − 1) dx
⇒ x = ⇒ xy = c
y dy x −1
⇒ = − dx
y x
Question # 4
dy 1 − x dy  x 1
= ⇒ = −  −  dx
y  x x
dx y
dy  1
Solution Do yourself ⇒ = − 1 −  dx
y  x
Question # 5
On integrating
dy y
= 2 , ( y > 0) dy  1
dx x ∫ y = − ∫ 1 − x  dx
Solution
dy y dy ⇒ ln y = − x + ln x + ln c
= 2 ⇒ = x −2 dx = − x ln e + ln x + ln c
dx x y
Integrating = ln e− x + ln x + ln c
dy ⇒ ln y = ln cxe− x ⇒ y = cxe− x
∫ y = ∫ x dx
−2

Question # 8
x −2+1
⇒ ln y = + ln c x2 + 1 x dy
−2 + 1 = , ( x, y > 0 )
y +1 y dx
x −1
⇒ ln y = + ln c Solution
−1
1 x2 + 1 x dy
⇒ ln y = − + ln c =
x y +1 y dx
1 x2 + 1 y +1
⇒ ln y = − ln e + ln c ⇒ dx = dy
x x y
−
1 On integrating
= ln e x + ln c
x2 + 1 y +1
−
1
−
1 ∫ x dx = ∫ y dy
⇒ ln y = ln ce x ⇒ y = ce x

 x2 1  y 1
Question # 6 ⇒ ∫  x + x  dx = ∫  y + y  dy
dy
sin y cosec x = 1
dx

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 FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 3

 1  1
⇒ ∫  x + x  dx = ∫ 1 + y  dy ⇒ (x 2
− yx 2 ) dy
dx
= − y 2 − xy 2

1 1 dy
⇒ x 2 (1 − y )= − y 2 (1 + x )
⇒ ∫ x dx + ∫ x dx = ∫ dy + ∫ y dy dx
1− y 1+ x
x2 ⇒ dy = − 2 dx
⇒ + ln x = y + ln y − ln c y 2
x
2
Now do yourself
x2
⇒ ln e + ln x + ln c = y ln e + ln y Question # 13
2
sec2 x tan y dx + sec2 y tan x dy = 0
2
x
⇒ ln e 2 + ln x + ln c = ln e y + ln y Solution
x2
⇒ ln cxe 2 = ln ye y sec2 x tan y dx + sec2 y tan x dy = 0
x2 x2 ⇒ sec 2 x tan y dx = − sec2 y tan x dy
⇒ cxe 2 = ye y i.e. ye y = cxe 2 sec 2 x sec2 y
⇒ dx = − dy
Question # 9 tan x tan y
1 dy 1 On integrating
= 1 + y2
x dx 2
( ) sec 2 x sec 2 y
Solution Do yourself
∫ tan x dx = − ∫ tan y dy
d d
Question # 10 ( tan x ) dy
( tan y )
dy ⇒ ∫ dx dx = − ∫ dy
2 x2 y = x2 − 1 tan x tan y
dx ⇒ ln tan x = − ln tan y + ln c
Solution Do yourself
⇒ ln tan x + ln tan y = ln c
Question # 11 ⇒ ln ( tan x tan y ) = ln c
dy 2 xy
+ = x ⇒ tan x tan y = c
dx 2 y + 1
Solution Question # 14
dy 2 xy  dy   dy 
+ = x  y − x dx  = 2  y2 + 
dx 2 y + 1    dx 
dy 2 xy Solution
⇒ = x−
dx 2 y +1  dy   dy 
 y − x dx  = 2  y2 + 
 2y     dx 
= x 1 −
 2 y + 1  dy dy
⇒ y−x = 2 y2 + 2
 2 y +1− 2 y  dx dx
= x  dy dy
 2 y +1  ⇒ y − 2 y2 = 2 + x
dx dx
dy  1 
⇒ = x  ⇒ ( 2 y + 1) dy = x dx ⇒ y (1 − 2 y ) = ( 2 + x )
dy
dx  2 y +1  dx
Now do yourself dx dy
⇒ =
Question # 12 2+ x y (1 − 2 y )
(x 2
− yx 2 ) dy
dx
+ y 2 + xy 2 = 0 On integrating
dx dy
Solution ∫ 2 + x = ∫ y (1 − 2 y ) ……….. (i)
(x 2
− yx 2 ) dy
dx
+ y 2 + xy 2 = 0 Now consider
1 A B
= +
y (1 − 2 y ) y 1− 2 y

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 4

⇒ 1 = A (1 − 2 y ) + By ………. (ii) i.e.

y
= c (2 + x)
Put y = 0 in (ii) ( 2 y − 1)
1 = A (1 − 2(0) ) + 0 ⇒ A = 1 Review

Put 1 − 2 y = 0 ⇒ 2 y = 1 ⇒ y =
1
in (ii) ∫ tan x dx = ln sec x = − ln cos x
2
1
∫ cot x dx = ln sin x = − ln csc x
1 = 0+ B  ⇒ B = 2
2 ∫ sec x dx = ln sec x + tan x

So
1 1
= +
2 ∫ csc x dx = ln csc x − cot x
y (1 − 2 y ) y 1− 2 y [

Using in (i) ←∗ Question # 15

dy
dx 1 2  1 + cos x tan y = 0
∫ 2+ x =
∫  y + 1 − 2 y  dy dx
Solution
1 2
= ∫ dy + ∫ dy dy
1 + cos x tan y = 0
y 1− 2 y dx
1 −2
= ∫ dy − ∫ dy ⇒ cos x tan y
dy
= −1
y 1− 2 y dx
d 1
dx 1 (1 − 2 y ) ⇒ tan y dy = − dx
⇒ ∫ = ∫ dy − ∫ dx dy cos x
2+ x y 1− 2 y ⇒ tan y dy = − sec x dx
⇒ ln ( 2 + x ) = ln y − ln (1 − 2 y ) − ln c On integrating
⇒ ln ( 2 + x ) + ln c = ln y − ln (1 − 2 y ) ∫ tan y dy = − ∫ sec x dx
y ⇒ − ln cos y = − ln sec x + tan x − ln c
⇒ ln c ( 2 + x ) = ln
(1 − 2 y ) ⇒ ln cos y = + ln sec x + tan x + ln c
y
⇒ c (2 + x) = ⇒ ln cos y = ln c ( sec x + tan x )
(1 − 2 y )
⇒ cos y = c ( sec x + tan x )
⇒ y = c ( 2 + x )(1 − 2 y )
Alternative ( ← ∗ ) Question # 16
dx 1 2 
dy  dy 
y−x = 3 1 + x 
∫ 2 + x = ∫  y + 1 − 2 y  dx dx  dx 
Solution
1 2
= ∫ y dy + ∫ 1 − 2 y dy y−x
dy 
= 3 1 + x 
dy 
dx  dx 
1 2
= ∫ y dy − ∫ 2 y − 1dy ⇒ y−x
dy
= 3 + 3x
dy
dx dx
d
dx 1 ( 2 y − 1) dy
⇒ y − 3 = 3x + x
dy
⇒ ∫ = ∫ dy − ∫ dx dy dx dx
2+ x y 2 y −1
dy
⇒ ln ( 2 + x ) = ln y − ln ( 2 y − 1) − ln c = ( 3x + x )
dx
⇒ ln ( 2 + x ) + ln c = ln y − ln ( 2 y − 1) dy dx dy
⇒ y − 3 = 4x ⇒ = 4
y dx x y −3
⇒ ln c ( 2 + x ) = ln
( 2 y − 1) Now do yourself
y
⇒ c (2 + x) =
( 2 y − 1)

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 FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 5

Question # 17 Question # 20
dy dx
sec x + tan y = 0 Solve the differential equation = 2 x given
dx dt
Solution that x = 4 when t = 0
dy Solution
sec x + tan y = 0
dx dx dx
= 2x ⇒ = 2dt
dy dt x
⇒ tan y = − sec x
dx dx
⇒ ∫ = 2 ∫ dt
⇒ tan y dy = − sec x dx x
Now do yourself as Question # 15 ⇒ ln x = 2t + ln c
Question # 18 = ln e2t + ln c ∵ ln e x = x

(e x
+ e− x ) dy
dx
= e x − e− x ⇒ ln x = ln ce 2t
⇒ x = ce2t …… (i)
Solution
When t = 0 then x = 4 , putting in (i)
(e x
+ e− x ) dy
dx
= e x − e− x 4 = ce2(0) ⇒ 4 = c e0
e x − e− x ⇒ 4 = c (1) ⇒ c = 4
⇒ dy = dx Putting in (i)
e x + e− x
On integrating ⇒ x = 4e 2 t
e x − e− x Question # 21
∫ dy = ∫ e x + e− x dx ds
Solve the differential equation + 2 st = 0 .
d x −x dt
e +e ( ) Also find the perpendicular solution if s = 4e ,
⇒ y = ∫ dx x − x dx
e +e when t = 0
⇒ y = ln e x + e− x + c( ) Solution
ds
+ 2 st = 0
Question # 19 dt
Find the general solution of the equation ds ds
dy ⇒ = − 2 st ⇒ = − 2t dt
− x = xy 2 . Also find the perpendicular dt s
dx On integrating
solution if y = 1 when x = 0. ds
Solution ∫ s = − 2∫ t dt
dy
− x = xy 2 ⇒
dy
= x + xy 2 t2
dx dx ⇒ ln s = − 2 + ln c
2
dy dy 2
= − t + ln c
⇒
dx
= x 1 + y2 ⇒ ( 1+ y2
)
= x dx
2
= ln e−t + ln c ∵ ln e x = x
dy
⇒ ∫ = ∫ x dx
2
⇒ ln s = ln ce−t
1+ y2 2

2 ⇒ s = ce−t ……. (i)

x
⇒ Tan −1 y = +c When t = 0 then s = 4e , using in (i)
2 2

 x2  4e = ce− (0) ⇒ 4e = c (1)

⇒ y = Tan  + c  ⇒ c = 4e
 2 
Putting in (i)
2
s = 4e ⋅ e−t
2
⇒ s = 4e1−t

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 6

Question # 22 dx
In a culture, bacteria increases at the rate ii) Since velocity = v =
dt
proportional to the number of bacteria present. If where x is height of ball.
bacteria are 200 initially and are doubled in 2 dx
hours, find the number of bacteria present four ⇒ = − 980 t + 2450
dt
hours later.
⇒ dx = ( −980 t + 2450 ) dt
Solution
Number of bacteria initially = 200 Integrating
No. of bacteria after two hours = 2(200) ∫ dx = ∫ ( −980 t + 2450 ) dt
= 400
t2
No. of bacteria after four hours = 2(400) ⇒ x = − 980 + 2450t + c2
= 800 Ans. 2
⇒ x = − 490 t 2 + 2450t + c2 ……. (ii)
Question # 23
A ball is thrown vertically upward with a Initially, when t = 0 then x = 0
velocity of 2450cm / sec. Neglecting air 0 = − 490 (0) + 2450 (0) + c2
resistance, find ⇒ c2 = 0
(i) velocity of ball at any time t Putting value of c2 in (ii)
(ii) distance travelled in any time t
(iii) maximum height attained by the ball. ⇒ x = − 490 t 2 + 2450t + 0
Solution ⇒ x = 2450t − 490 t 2
i) When a body is projected upward its
acceleration is − g . (where g = 980 cm/sec2) iii)
∵ v = − 980t + 2450
dv
i.e. acceleration = = −g , When body is at max. height then v = 0
dt
⇒ − 980t + 2450 = 0
where v is velocity of ball.
2450
⇒
dv
= − 980 ⇒ 980t = 2450 ⇒ t =
dt 980
⇒ dv = − 980 dt ⇒ t = 2.5 sec
On integrating Since x = 2450t − 4980t 2
∫ dv = − 980∫ dt When t = 2.5sec
2
⇒ v = − 980t + c1 …….. (i) x = 2450 ( 2.5 ) − 490 ( 2.5 )
Initially, when t = 0 then v = 2450 cm/sec = 6125 − 3062.5
2450 = − 980 (0) + c1 = 3062.5
⇒ c1 = 2450 Hence ball attains max. height of 3062.5 cm.
Putting in (i) Book: Exercise 3.8 ,page 177.
v = − 980t + 2450 Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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