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MECHANICAL
VIBRATIONS
ME-307
Instructor:
LUQMAN AHMAD NIZAM
Assistant Professor, HITEC University Taxila
Email: luqman.ahmad@hitecuni.edu.pk 2
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
• B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering (2006-2010)
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

• M.Sc. Mechanical Engineering (2011-2013)

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

• Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering (2014 to date)

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

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 MAJOR RESEARCH
AREA
• The major research area is Flow Induced
Vibrations (FIV) in tube bundle subjected
to cross flow.

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 MAJOR RESEARCH
AREA
• Flow-induced structural vibration is one of
the most important and destructive (when
reached at its limits) phenomenon
experienced in numerous fields, including
the aerospace industry, power industry,
civil engineering and undersea
technology.

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 MY RESEARCH WORK
• Chapter Titled “Cross-Flow-Induced-Vibrations in Heat Exchanger Tube
Bundles: A Review”, 2012, Book Titled "Nuclear Power Plants",ISBN 979-
953-307-170-0 InTech - Open Access Publisher, Rijeka, Croatia, Edited by
Soon Heung Chang, ISBN 978-953-51-0408-7, Publisher: InTech, Published:
March 21, 2012 under CC BY 3.0 license, in subject Energy Engineering
DOI: 10.5772/1672, pp 71-128.
• Shahab Khushnood, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, 2017 “Experimental Study of
Cross-Flow Induced Vibrations in Heat Exchanger Tube Bundle”, China
Ocean Engineering, Volume 31, Issue 1, pp 91–97, March 2017 (ISSN
0890-548) (Impact Factor 0.621).
• Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Shahab Khushnood, S. M. Farrukh, A. Naqvi,
Khawaja Sajid Bashir, Ozair Ghufran Bhatti, Masood Shah, Shehryar
Manzoor, 2017, “Experimental Study of the Influence of the surrounding
tube location and mass ratio of Fluidelastic instability of flexibly mounted
tubes in parallel triangular tube bundle”, International Journal of
Acoustics and Vibrations (Accepted) (Impact Factor 0.34).

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 MY RESEARCH WORK
• Tasawar Abbas, Shahab Khushnood, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Muhammad Usman,
2017, “Fretting Wear Analysis of different tube materials used in Heat Exchanger
tube bundle”, Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Vol. 11(4),
pp. 123–133.
• Muhammad Usman, Shahab Khushnood, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Ozair Ghurfan
Bhatti, Zaheer Abbas, Tasawar Abbas, Akmal Hafeez, M. Nouman Ali and
Muhammad Ayub, 2017, “Wear Analysis of Tubes at support in heat exchanger
tube bundle” Journal of Chinese Institute of Engineers (Under Review) (Impact
Factor 0.395).
• Muhammad Ameer Ahsan, Shahab Khushnood, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Hassan
Arshad and Ozair Ghufran Bhatti, 2017, “Experimental Investigation of flow
included vibrations of spiral finned tube bundles subjected to air cross-flow”
Journal of Vibroengineering, (Accepted) (Impact Factor 0.398).
• Ozair Ghufran Bhatti, Shahab Khushnood, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Ameer Ahsan,
Hassan Arshad, 2017 “Experimental Investigation of tube-to- tube interaction in
parallel triangular tube bundle” Journal of Vibroengineering, (Accepted) (Impact
Factor 0.398).
• Hassan Arshad, Shahab Khushnood, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Muhammad Ameer
Ahsan and Ozair Ghufran Bhatti, 2018 “Effect of fin geometry on Flow-Induced
Vibration response of a finned tube in a tube bundle”, Journal of Applied Fluid
Mechanics (Accepted for publication) (Impact Factor 1.09).

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 MY RESEARCH WORK
• Scholar Google Link:

https://scholar.google.com.pk/citations?user=wMJVckUAAAAJ
&hl=en&oi=ao]

• ResearchGate Link:

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luqman_Nizam
Researchgate Research Score: 3.2

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 INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS
• S-SHAPE PIPE DESIGN FOR LEAK PREVENTION IN
LONG CRUDE OIL PIPELINES (SPONSORED BY
PAKISTAN PETROLEUM LIMITED).

• FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFERENT ROTARY

MACHINERY ELEMENTS USING VIBRATION
ANALYSIS (BESTWAY CEMENT KALARKAHAAR,
HMC TAXILA & different FYP’s).

• DESIGN EVALUATION OF BUCKET ELEVATOR

SYSTEM FOR ASKARI CEMENT WAH CANTT.

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MY RESEARCH WORK

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 MARKS DISTRIBUTION

 Quizzes (6) 20 %

 Sessionals (2) 30% (15% each)

 End Semester Exam 50%

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 RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. THEORY OF VIBRATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS (5th

edition) by William T Thomson (Text book).

2. ENGINEERING VIBRATION (3rd edition) by Daniel J.

Inman (Reference book)

3. NOTES

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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Students will develop and analyze the governing

equations of different vibration systems depending
on different conditions and determine their response.
(Cognitive, C4) (PLO-3).

• Students will analyze multi degree of freedom

systems using different methods and techniques in
order to determine their characteristic parameters.
(Cognitive, C4) (PLO-3).

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 COURSE OUTLINE
• Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations
• Formulation of governing equations
• Free vibrations
• Damping
Ch-1 & 2 W.T Thomson
• Forced Vibrations
• Rotational Unbalance
• Base Excitation (Support Motion)
• Normal Mode Analysis (MDOF systems)
• Vibration absorbers
• Coordinate coupling
• Holzer method
• Condition Monitoring
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BASIC CONCEPTS

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 SIR ISAAC NEWTON

• Sir Isaac Newton (25 December

1642 – 20 March 1726) was an
English physicist and
mathematician (described in
his own day as a "natural
philosopher") who is widely
recognized as one of the most
influential scientists of all time
and as a key figure in the
scientific revolution.

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 WHAT IS VIBRATION?

Vibration is a phenomenon in which oscillations occur

about an equilibrium point.

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 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
• Simple harmonic motion is a type of
periodic motion where the restoring force is directly
proportional to the displacement and acts in the
direction opposite to that of displacement.
• For any simple mechanical harmonic oscillator:

• When the system is displaced from its equilibrium

position, a restoring force tends to restore the
system to equilibrium.
• Once the mass is displaced from its equilibrium
position, it experiences a net restoring force. As a
result, it accelerates and starts going back to the
equilibrium position.

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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

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VIBRATION BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

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 CLASSIFICATION OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION
Mechanical Vibration

Based on the
Based on presence or damping
the absence of Based on the DOF
external force
Single Underdamped
DOF
Free Forced Critically damped
Vibrations vibrations Two DOF

Over damped
Multi DOF

Viscous
damping
Coulomb
damping
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DEGREE OF FREEDOM

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 DEGREE OF FREEDOM

The number of degrees of freedom of a system refers

to the number of independent coordinates needed to
describe the configuration of the system at any time.

1-DOF
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 DEGREE OF FREEDOM

2-DOF N-DOF 25
FREEZE-FRAME DEPICTION OF MOTION OF MASS-
SPRING SYSTEM

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 VIBRATION, THE CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY

• One needs elements capable of storing/dissipating

various forms of energy:

– Springs – capable of storing potential energy

– Masses – capable of acquiring kinetic energy

– Damping elements –involved in the energy dissipation

– Actuators – the elements that apply an external forcing or impose

a prescribed motion on parts of a system

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 SPRINGS ACTING IN SERIES
x x
keq
k1 k2
M M F
F

Note that two springs are in series when:

a) They are experiencing the same tension (or
compression).
b) You’d add up the deformations to get the total
deformation x.

1 1 1
 
keq k1 k2
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 SPRINGS ACTING IN PARALLEL

x x
k1 keq
k2 M M F
F

Note that two springs are in parallel when:

a) They experience the same amount of deformation

b) You’d add up the force experienced by each spring

to come up with the total force F

keq  k1  k2
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 EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS
• In many applications the motion of a certain point
of the system is of primary concern, and a single
type of motion is dominant.

• For such cases certain simplifications may be

made that allow us to approximate a higher
degree of freedom system by a lower degree of
freedom system, say a single degree of freedom
system.

• Simplifications of this type approximate one type

of motion (the lowest mode) of the many possible
motions of discrete multi-degree of freedom
systems and continuous systems.
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 EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS
Extension/Contraction of Elastic Rods

EA Fo
k k
L L
k
n 
m 31
 EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS
Bending of a Cantilever Beam

3EI Fo
k 3 k
L L
k
n 
m 32
 EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS
Simply Supported Beam Attached to a Fixed Spring

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EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS
Torsion of Elastic Rods

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EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS
Floating bodies

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EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS

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EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS

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EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS

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