Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Objectives
After completion of this training a service
technician:
Is familiar with the user features of a copier
Understands the copiers jargon/terminology
Has a good understanding about the basic
technologies of a digital copier
Understands the different media for a firmware
update
Knows how to use a Service Manual
Can follow product training for engines
Requirements
Optional Computer based training:
Windows PC Or
Macintosh
Hands on:
Digital black and white copier, ADF/ARDF,
Finisher
Training materials
Macintosh:
¾ Power Macintosh recommended
¾ Mac OS 7.6 or higher (previous Mac OS needs the thread manager)
¾ Double speed CD ROM or better
¾ Minimum 16 Mb of free RAM
¾ Color display recommended
Hands on:
¾ Later in this training module we need this requirements to do some
exercises.
¾ The exercises in this module are generated for a generic copier with ADF
and finisher.
¾ However it is possible that not all exercises can be done on all machine’s,
because some functions are not available. In that case skip that part of the
exercise.
Pre-requisites
Basic electronic skills
Training Materials
This presentation
The core technology manual
Operating Instructions
For several topics in this advanced copier technology chapter there will be
referred to the Core Technology Manual (CTM).
The CTM can be found on the Service Manual CD ROM’s.
Exam
WICE Multiple choice exam
Module overview
1 Introduction
2 User Functions
3 Digital Copy Process
4 Handling Paper
5 Service
6 Maintenance
7 Firmware
8 Information Flow
9 Specifications
Appendix (Firmware upgrade by network)
Chapter 1
Introduction
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
There are a lot of features on today's office
equipment:
Scanning
Printing
Faxing
Copying
Multifunctional products can combine these
features because they consist of a digital
scanner and a laser printer.
1. Introduction
Chapter 2
User Functions
2. User Functions
2. User Functions
Introduction
Operation panel
User tools
Basic functions
Other functions
2. User Functions
2. Introduction
All functions and features on copiers can be
used to change the output
For example the originals are simplex but the
output is duplex with a staple.
2. User Functions
This part of the module will explain most common used functions and features
on copiers.
2. Key Layout
2. User Functions
Each model has it’s own operation panel layout however the symbols that are
used are the same.
The way of selecting a function can be different. In that case see your operating
instruction for your machine.
2. User Functions
Screen Contrast
To adjust the screen for a good clear view turn this knob.
Indicators
The indicators can be different on other copier models.
These indicators will show you the following: (starting from the top left)
¾ Staples empty, Toner empty, Paper empty
¾ Maintenance needed, cover not closed, Paper jam
¾ Communicating (not used for standard copier)
¾ Receiving a file (not used for standard copier)
2. User Functions
2. Functions
Copy mode
Document server mode
Facsimile mode
Printer mode
Scanner mode
2. User Functions
2. Display
Touch screen
Used for input and output.
2. User Functions
2. More Buttons
2. User Functions
2. Power
Operation Switch
2. User Functions
Sample Copy
Number Keys
With the number keys you can enter the number of copies required.
In case of a Multifunctional product they are also used to enter faxnumbers
Sample copy button
One set will be printed.
If the sample copy is approved the keypad can be used to set the number
of copies.
Start button
Pressing the start button will start your copy job.
Clear / Stop button
Clear to delete a entered number
Stop to stop a copy process in progress
2. Paper Selection
Input selection
Paper size Which tray Orientation
2. User Functions
Paper size
¾ On the operation panel you can define which paper tray will be used for the
copy job.
¾ If a paper tray is filled with A3 sized paper and another tray is filled with A4
sized paper, we can make a selection.
Which tray
¾ All tray’s can be selected.
¾ In case of thick paper or another size the bypass tray can be used.
¾ The bypass is not meant for large amount of paper.
Orientation
¾ The A4 size paper can be stored in 2 way’s:
LEF (long edge feed)
SEF (short edge feed).
¾ If the paper tray’s are filled with A4 LEF and with A4 SEF, the selection for
orientation can be made.
Output selection
¾ If there are more output bins you can select which bin to be used.
2. Function Select
Number of copies
Simplex / Duplex
Booklet / Magazine
2. User Functions
2. Finisher options
Punch
Staple
Fold
video
2. User Functions
2. Finisher options
Sort
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Stack
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
Shift Sort
video
2. User Functions
2. Different Levels
Normal
All users
User tools
Change settings
Service mode
Technician
2. User Functions
Normal
Every user can use the machine for copying
User tools
In the user tools items can be changed for example date and time.
In the user tools there is a special function called key operator tools.
This is a kind of administration tool.
A key operator code can be programmed which limits access to the key
operator user tools.
Service mode
The service mode is for the technician.
2. User Tools
User Tools
Special settings can be done.
System settings
Timer settings
Key operator tools
Copier settings
Density
Margins
2. User Functions
User tools
From the first screen a selection can be made for system settings, copier
settings, printer settings, scanner settings and counter.
System settings
In the system settings a lot of items can be changed that are related to the
system for example date and time.
The key operator tool can be accessed from the system settings.
For example to change user codes.
The key operator tool can be protected by a key operator code.
Copier settings
All items that are related to the copier process can be changed here.
¾ For example density and margins
Exercise
2. User Functions
video
3.2 Scanning
Platen glass
One original is scanned.
ADF (automatic document
feeder)
All originals are scanned
(only 1-side).
ARDF (automatic reverse
document feeder)
All originals are scanned
(1-side or both sides).
3.2 Exposure
The exposure lamp illuminates the original.
Light areas on the original reflect light.
Dark areas absorb light.
video
The second scanner moves half the speed of the first scanner to keep the optical
distance from original to the lens always the same.
video
1 Photodiodes
2 platen glass
CIS technology makes scanners smaller and cheaper than CCD scanners.
CCD is better then CIS in resolution, image quality and color fidelity.
line.
Each element of the CCD/CIS generates a voltage which represents the intensity
of the light reflected onto it from the document. The signals from all the elements
are output in sequence, to generate an analog signal that represents the line that
is currently being scanned.
video video
3. Digital Copying Process
White shading and Black Level Correction eliminate distortions by ensuring that
the signals received from every photocell in the CCD contain only image data.
White shading is performed with the exposure lamp on. Light reflected from the
white reference plate generates a charge in every photocell. The CCD outputs
are adjusted to the same white level during white shading. This correction is
stored in RAM, and the output of the photocell is modified during every main
scan.
video
3. Digital Copying Process
Since no light is being reflected to the CCD, all photocells should generate zero
volts.
Black Level Correction stores in RAM the voltage level of any photocell that
generates a charge.
That voltage level will be subtracted from the output of the photocell during each
main scan.
Image processing describes how digital machines convert the image from a
scanned original into digital data. Image processing use techniques for
processing the digital data, so that the printout is as close to the original as
possible.
For example, techniques used to process a business letter will be different from
those used to process an original containing photographs.
Each model implements these techniques in different ways, and some models do
not implement all the techniques.
The techniques used by black-and-white machines and color machines are
different, but these kind of details will be explained in the product trainings.
After the scanning process the images are stored in memory and can be
processed with the settings (see above) selected by the user.
video video
3.3 Moiré
Moiré
When one pattern is imposed over another sometimes they interfere with each
other and form a third pattern called a moiré pattern. In our products, MTF
processing is a major cause of moiré patterns.
The photos show the result of moiré.
Grayscale Processing
The human eye can discern up to about 200 different levels, or shades, of gray.
A lot of digital copiers can create 256 gray levels: 0 through 255.
Compare the right and left halves of the images, to see the difference if you have
more grayscales available.
Grayscale processing uses many shades of gray to reproduce continuous tone
originals, such as those containing photographs. A black and white photograph
contains an unlimited number of shades of gray, but digital copiers and printers
can normally only output a few shades, normally 64 or 256.
If grayscale processing is used, the result is a multi-bit per pixel stream of digital
data. For example, if there are 256 shades of gray, there are eight bits per pixel.
Note that grayscale processing needs a lot of memory. At eight bits per pixel
(256 shades of gray), an A4 or LT page needs about 14 megabytes, without
compression.
00000000 11111111
0 255
video
3. Digital Copying Process
The Substrate is the base for the other layers and is made of aluminum. It is a
good conductor and provides the electrical grounding for the photoconductor.
The Under layer is a super-thin layer that maintains a charge by preventing
electrons from moving too easily to the Substrate, giving the base a better grip
on the next layer.
The Charge generation layer isolates the charge build-up in the Charge transfer
layer in the dark, but when exposed to light it conducts the charge to the
grounded Substrate.
The Charge transfer layer is very similar to the Under layer because it, too,
prevents electrons from moving too easily to the Charge generation layer. In
addition, it acts as a trap for the electrostatic charge.
3.4 Charging
There are 2 charge methods:
A corona and grid charge the photoconductor.
A charger roller charge the photoconductor.
video video
Corona Wire
Grid
When high negative voltages are applied to the corona wire, the air around the
wire becomes negatively charged. A negative voltage on the corona wire means
there is an excess of electrons on it. The corona wire releases some electrons to
the air molecules around the corona wire. These negatively charged air
molecules are known as negative ions.
When a negative ion approaches the Charge transfer layer, an electron is
released to this layer. At this time, the Charge transfer layer receives a negative
charge. Since the photoconductor does not conduct in the dark, this layer
remains charged until exposed to light. A charge fan makes sure the ions evenly
charge the photoconductor.
A grid is used to control the amount of charge that reaches the photoconductor.
Whereas a very high voltage on the corona wire is needed to create ions, the
charge needed on the photoconductor is much lower.
A grid bias voltage ensures that a certain amount of charge reaches the
photoconductor, and the excessive charge is conducted to ground.
[B]
[A]
mo6.wmf
The DC power pack [C] for the electrostatic charge is a constant voltage type.
This is because, in comparison to constant current power packs commonly used
for coronas, the constant voltage type is better able to supply a uniform
electrostatic charge on the drum surface when using a roller.
The amount of ozone generated during drum charging is much less than the
amount made by a corona wire scorotron system.
video
3. Digital Copying Process
video
Even if a constant electric current is applied to the laser diode, the intensity of
the output light changes with the temperature. The intensity of the output
decreases as the temperature increases.
The machine uses an ID sensor to compensate this.
3.4 Dithering
Most printers do not vary
every printed pixel in size.
To print lighter or darker
area’s they combine
pixels to create a dot.
In this example the printer
combines 4x4 pixels to
create a halftone dot.
Also a combination of
dithering and laser power
is used to create grey
areas.
Magnetic Monocomponent
This type has iron oxide particles encapsulated
in the resin matrix of each individual particle of
toner.
The toner itself isn't actually magnetic, but the
iron particles in the toner make it possible for
magnetic rollers to easily pick up and hold the
toner particles. All monocomponent systems that
use magnetic rollers must use this type of toner.
3.5 Mono-component
Development
Mono-component
developer consists only of
toner. video
OPC
Development Unit
Development Roller
As the development roller turns past the toner metering blade, only a thin coating
of charged toner particles stays adhered to the development roller. After that, the
development roller turns past the OPC belt. The latent image on the master
surface attracts the toner from the development roller, making the image visible
on the OPC surface.
carrier toner
[C]
[E]
[B]
[A]
[D]
drum
3. Digital Copying Process
To maintain good copy quality, the machine does Process Control just after the
main switch has been turned on and also at several other occasions afterwards.
¾ Vg (grid voltage): Grid voltage to charge the drum..
¾ VD (Dark Potential): Drum potential just after charging the drum.
¾ VL (Light Potential): Drum potential just after full exposure.
¾ VR (Residual Voltage): Drum potential just after the exposure of the
quenching lamp.
The following is done during process control:
¾ Vg (Grid Voltage) Adjustment
¾ Developer bias adjustment
¾ LD Power Adjustment
¾ Vref Update to be used for Image Density Control.
[A]
ID sensor
The toner density control system senses the density of toner in the developer
mixture and activates the toner supply mechanism to add toner when the ratio of
toner to carrier becomes too low. Some machines measure the toner density
directly, others use an indirect sensing method, and still other machines use a
combination of direct and indirect sensing
The illustration is an example of the most common structure for a toner supply
system.
An agitator inside the toner hopper stirs the toner to prevent clumps from
forming.
The toner supply roller blocks the opening to the development unit. When the
toner supply roller rotates. The grooves on the toner supply roller catch the
toner. Then, as the grooves turn past the opening, the toner falls into the
development unit.
3.6 ID sensors
The ID sensor output is calibrated by changing the LED
light intensity during the process control initial setting or
by SP. This is called Vsg adjustment.
To measure the toner density, a pattern is developed. This
pattern is called a Vsp pattern.
Vsp/Vsg is used as a reference for toner density.
Vsg adjustment calibrates the ID sensor output for a bare drum to a standard
value. It does this by changing the intensity of the light shining on the drum from
the sensor. This is done automatically during process control initial setting, and it
can also be done manually with an SP mode selection.
If the ID sensor output cannot be adjusted to within the standard, on some
machines a SC is logged and toner density control is done using the TD sensor
only.
3.6 TD sensors
The picture to the right is an
example of a sensor used to
directly measure the amount
of toner in developer.
2 CN104-A11 [12V]
Control 1 CN104-B20
TS Control
Circuit 3 CN104-A10 TS. FB
4 CN104-B21
GND
Coils
The active sensor element is a very small transformer with three coils. When iron
ferrite (carrier) is near the sensor element, the inductance of the coils changes,
causing the current through the transformer to change. As the amount of toner in
the developer increases, the effect of the carrier particles decreases and the
voltage applied to CN104-A10 decreases. When the toner concentration drops
as toner is used up, the effect of the carrier on the sensor coils increases and the
voltage at CN104-A10 increases.
TD Sensor
Output (VTD)
VT Reference
Voltage (VREF)
(New VREF)
VT Reference
Voltage Update
VREF Update
ID Sensor Output
(VSP/VSG)
7
Sensor output [V]
6 VTD > Vref (Toner WT% is small)
Increase toner supply
5
4
Vref
3
VTD < Vref (Toner WT% is large)
2 Decrease toner supply
1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Toner weight [wt %]
3. Digital Copying Process
Developer consists of carrier particles (iron) and toner particles (resin and
carbon). Inside the development unit, developer passes through a magnetic field
created by coils inside the toner density sensor. When the toner concentration
changes, the voltage output by the sensor changes accordingly.
When new developer with the standard toner concentration is installed,
developer initial setting must be performed by using an SP mode.
At every copy cycle, toner density in the developer is detected. The sensor
output voltage (VTD) during the detection cycle is compared with the toner
supply level voltage (VREF).
The transfer function moves the toner from the developed image on the
photoconductor surface to the passing copy paper.
As paper is fed past the photoconductor a high charge is applied to the back of
the copy paper. This charge is stronger then the latent image on the
photoconductor and attracts toner onto the paper.
3.6 Separation
The paper can be
separated from the drum
(or image transfer belt)
electro-statically or
mechanically.
Pick-off pawls
Charge coronas,
discharge plates, pick-off
pawls and sharply curved
paper paths are used.
Often a machine will
combine two or more
methods.
video video
3.7 Fusing
Hot roller
Pressure roller
Fusing lamp
Stripper pawls
Fusing Lamp
Stripper pawls
After the image transfer and paper separation steps, the image must be bound
or “fixed” to the paper. Modern photocopiers and other machines (fax, printer)
that use photocopier imaging processes, use resin based toners. To form a
stable permanent image, the toner is heated to cause it to melt and soften.
Simultaneously, pressure is applied to cause the toner to fuse with the fibers of
the paper.
The fusing lamp heats the hot roller.
The stripper pawls make sure that the paper separates from the roller. If this
mechanism fails, the paper may wrap around the hot roller causing a jam.
4. Handling Paper
4.1 Paper Issues
4.2 Paper feed
4.3 Paper tray
4.4 Paper size detection
4.5 Paper end detection
4.6 Registration
4.7 Paper transport
4.8 Duplex
4.9 Misfeed detection
4. Handling Paper
Study the CTM > Handling paper and make sure that you understand:
Paper feed
Paper feed methods
Paper tray
By pass
Paper size detection
Paper end detection
Registration
Paper transport
Duplex
Misfeed detection
4. Handling Paper
4. Handling Paper
4. Handling Paper
To check the grain, tear a piece of paper in two. Check the direction of the tear.
¾ Straight means same direction as the paper grain..
Excessive paper curl can cause paper jams, separation problems and mis-feeds.
Paper curl also limits the amount of paper that can be stacked on the exit tray or
sorter.
There are several causes for paper curl. Humidity causes paper curl because of
moisture. The fusing stage also causes heat curl because of high temperatures.
To check paper curl direction, moisten a piece of paper.
The fibers become thicker when exposed to humidity, meaning the paper will
stay straight in the direction of the grain and curl on the sides.
4. Handling Paper
Reverse Roller
FFR
4. Handling Paper
There are several key factors involved with handling paper in office machines
(copiers, printers, faxes, whatever). First, there has to be a stock of paper from
which to feed, which implies some kind of holder—a tray, a cassette, or a roll—
which positions the paper properly for feeding. Second, there has to be a method
of separating a single sheet from the source; this is referred to as paper feed.
Finally, most machines use sensors to detect paper size and detect the
presence or absence of paper.
After paper is fed into a machine, it must be transported to a registration
mechanism, then to an imaging section where the image is transferred to the
paper. Finally the paper passes through an image fusing section and exits the
machine.
4.2 FRR
The pick-up roller feeds
the paper to the feed roller
and the reverse or
separation roller.
The separation roller is
driven in a direction to
feed the bottom sheet
back.
video
A slip clutch makes sure
that the separation roller
can change direction if
only one sheet is between
the feed roller and the
separation roller.
Feed Roller
Friction pad
video
4. Handling Paper
Spring
4. Handling Paper
500_sheet_tray.tif
video
4. Handling Paper
Paper Tray
A paper tray is a non-removable drawer or bin that is permanently built into or
attached to the machine. The capacity of paper trays varies considerably;
smaller trays typically hold 250 to 500 sheets of paper, but large capacity trays
hold a paper stock of 1000 or more sheets.
4.3 By Pass
Used for:
Odd paper sizes
Thick paper
Stiff feed stock such as
post cards or OHP
transparencies.
4. Handling Paper
4. Handling Paper
For many copy processes, operation timing depends on paper size. Machines can
detect paper size in a number of different ways. Here are some common ones.
Switch Combination
¾ The illustration at the top right shows a paper size detection mechanism
commonly used with cassettes and smaller paper trays.
Paper Size Dial
¾ Some paper trays use a dial to change paper size (bottom right).
Cut-out Lever
4. Handling Paper
The illustration to the right shows a typical paper end detection mechanism for a
small paper tray.
When the paper tray runs out of paper, the paper end feeler drops into the cutout
in the tray bottom plate, and the paper end actuator activates the paper end
sensor.
The paper end actuator is in contact with a lever. When the tray is drawn out, the
lever turns as shown by the arrow and pushes up the actuator. As a result, the
feeler rotates upwards. This mechanism prevents the feeler from getting
damaged by the paper tray body.
4.6 Registration
For a good print position and to
prevent skew the paper is
aligned.
Registration Using A Stopper
Registration Using Rollers
Registration rollers
Buckle
video
Feed direction
4. Handling Paper
There is often some slippage during paper feed. As a result, paper cannot be
transported directly to the image transfer or printing position, because the image
position on the paper would not be stable. After paper feed starts, its transport
timing requires adjustment to match it with the imaging process timing. This
alignment is called “image registration” or just “registration”. Generally the
registration process also removes any skew that the paper may have acquired
during paper feed.
Here are some common registration methods:
Registration Using A Stopper
¾ Some machines use a stopper to delay the paper at the registration rollers.
It allows a simplified drive mechanism where the registration rollers are not
stopped during feeding. This method is used mainly with low speed
machines.
Registration Using Rollers
¾ Most copiers and printers use registration rollers to match the paper timing
to the image and remove skew.
CBT reference > Copier > Analogue copier > A closer look > Transfer to paper
4. Handling Paper
Roller Transport
The illustration to the left shows a typical vertical transport mechanism that is
used in several models.
Belt + Vacuum Transport
¾ Many photocopiers use a combination of belts and vacuum fans to transport
paper from the drum to the fusing unit. The vacuum holds the paper firmly
against the transport belts. This method has the advantage of holding the
paper secure to prevent vibrations or slippage that might disturb the as yet
unfused toner image.
4.8 Duplex
Single sheet (interleave duplexing)
Stack
Single sheet
Stack
4. Handling Paper
Duplexing mechanisms can take many forms. However, they have the following
things in common.
¾ They all have some way of sending copies or prints to the duplex
mechanism. This is usually accomplished by a “junction gate”, which
redirects the paper as it exits from the fusing unit.
¾ There is a mechanism that turns the paper over (reverses it) so that it is
ready to receive an image on the reverse side.
Duplexing systems in most machines also have the following mechanisms.
¾ There is a tray to hold the sheets of paper to be duplexed. Usually, it is
simply called the “duplex tray”.
¾ There is a mechanism, usually called a jogger, to align the sheets of paper
in the duplex tray.
¾ There is a paper feed mechanism employing one of the standard paper
separation techniques.
There are different duplexing methods.
¾ Using stack, where paper is gathered in a tray and fed back into the
machine in reverse position.
¾ Single sheet duplex (interleave duplexing), where paper is not gathered but
directly reversed in a tray and fed back into the machine.
Next slide will give you an example of the interleave duplexing.
Video (5 pages)
Example 7 pages
4. Handling Paper
Some digital machines have a lot of RAM and a large capacity hard disk that can
store many pages. This allows a different method of Duplexing called “interleave
Duplexing”, in which sheets are not stacked. Instead, in interleave Duplexing,
sheets are continuously fed through the machine and the correct image is
selected from memory or disk depending on which sheet and side is in the
imaging section.
This type of mechanism allows more than one page to be processed at once,
and it increases the productivity of duplex imaging, especially when making
multiple duplex copies.
The example shows a 14-page copy. The large numbers in the illustration show
the order of pages. The small numbers in circles show the order of sheets of
copy paper (if shaded, this indicates the second side).
Phototransistor
LED Paper
4. Handling Paper
Office machines that print images on paper (copiers, fax, laser printers, etc.)
have to detect paper misfeed and jams and take appropriate action. One or more
sensors placed along the paper path accomplish misfeed detection. Typically,
photo interrupters with feeler actuators are used for misfeed detection because
they are unaffected by the reflectivity or transparency of the feed stock.
The number of misfeed detectors used depends on the length and complexity of
the paper path
5. Service
5. Service
5. Service Manual
CD ROM
Hard Copy
5. Service
5. Tools
5. Service
The chapter Special tools and Lubricants is always a topic described in the
Service Manual. It will give an overview of the part numbers of the tools.
A description gives you more detail about the tools.
Next slide will explain more detail about the test chart which you see in the tools
table.
5. Test chart
The following test chart is
used for B/W copiers.
See the note page for
more details.
5. Service
5. Troubleshooting
Service Manual
Operating Instructions
5. Service
The Service Manual will explain all the necessary detail about troubleshooting
procedures for the device.
Also Operating Instructions sometimes have a chapter related to
troubleshooting. In case the problems are more complicated and solutions are
not given by any of these manuals, contact a Product Specialist in your
organisation.
6. Maintenance
Service Manual
Operating Instructions
6. Maintenance
The Service Manual will explain all the necessary detail about Preventive
Maintenance for the device.
It is even possible that devices are customer maintainable.
In this situation there is also an Operating Instruction (maintenance guide)
available.
7. Firmware
7.1 Introduction
7.2 PCMCIA Card
7.3 SD Card
7. Firmware
There are different ways to upgrade the firmware. This depends on the product.
EPROM
EEPROM
Via the network
Flash memory card
Other
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
An EPROM is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to Ultra Violet light.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
An EEPROM is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge. Like
other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off.
Flash memory
EEPROM is similar to flash memory (sometimes called flash EEPROM). The principal difference is that
EEPROM requires data to be written or erased one byte at a time whereas flash memory allows data to
be written or erased in blocks. This makes flash memory faster.
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
A PROM is a memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written
onto a PROM, it remains there forever.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be
accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM lose their contents when the power is turned off.
There are two basic types of RAM:
¾ dynamic RAM (DRAM)
¾ static RAM (SRAM)
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip,
it cannot be removed and can only be read.
Unlike RAM, ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM is referred to as
being nonvolatile, whereas RAM is volatile.
7.1 Evolution
1965 1998 2000 2004
Printer
GW Architecture Embedded SA.
Copier/Printer/Scanner/Fax Copier/Printer/Scanner/Fax Copier/Printer/Scanner/Fax
Scanner
Copier
Fax
PCMCIA SD Card
Card
7. Firmware
7. Firmware
To get more information about how to deal with procedures and logins, your
Service Manager has all the details.
+ +
+
7. Firmware
7. Firmware
7.3 SD cards
The Firmware-update
program searches for the
ROMDATA folder
The Firmware-update
program checks the file.
7. Firmware
The firmware-update program for this machine searches the folder romdata for
necessary firmware. Create a folder romdata when you save the firmware in a
SD card. You can create more than one folder (subfolder) in the folder romdata.
The firmware-update program searches all folders if they are in the folder
romdata.
7. Firmware
Firmware Types
¾ Turn off the main power switch before you insert or remove an SD card.
Data can get damaged if you insert or remove an SD card while the main
power switch is on.
¾ Do not turn off the main power switch at the time you download the
firmware.
¾ Keep SD cards in safe locations
¾ Do not bend or scratch SD cards.
¾ Do not drop SD cards or expose them to shocks or vibration.
Network Connection
You cannot use the printer during firmware update. You must disconnect the
printer physically from the network.
prt
cardsave
PRT00000.prn Name of captured file
PRT.00001.prn Name of captured file
log
debuglog File name
7. Firmware
7. Firmware
7. Firmware
8. Information Flow
Service Manuals
Parts Catalogues
Modification Bulletin
Ricoh Technical Bulletin
Ricoh Technical Tip
8. Information Flow
8. Service Manuals
The Service Manual
consists of:
machine description
detailed installation
and service instructions
and service tables for
maintenance.
8. Information Flow
8. Parts Catalogues
Landscape layout
The Parts Catalogue
contains:
all parts
part numbers
part descriptions
exploded views of the
machines.
8. Information Flow
As you can see in the slide the layout of the PC is landscape. That means that
the top page shows the part layout and the bottom page shows the details.
The Parts Catalogue contains:
¾ all parts
¾ part numbers
¾ part descriptions
¾ exploded views of the machines.
The Service Manuals and Parts Catalogues are issued on a CD ROM and
available as PDF on www.tessa-support.com.
Earlier we discussed that for maintenance the Service Manual is used to explain
all the necessary details about Preventive Maintenance for the device.
8. Information Flow
Example:
8. Information Flow
Example:
8. Information Flow
8. Information Flow
A Ricoh Technical Tip will be issued when additional information in the field is
necessary. This information can be found on the Technical Documentation
database in Lotus Notes which is normally only used by a product specialist,
RTT’s are NOT provided on the Service Manuals CD ROM’s.
Ask your instructor or product specialist if this information is distributed in your
organisation.
Example:
9. Specifications
Service Manual
Operating Instructions
9. Specifications
The Service Manual will explain all the necessary detail about specifications for
the device. Normally this is divided in several topics like for instance:
¾ General Specifications
¾ Machine Configuration
¾ Optional Equipment
Also Operating Instructions have a chapter related to Specifications.
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Features
This function also has the following feature:
Automatic restart:
When the update is complete, the machine
restarts using updated system.
If the machine is busy, this message is displayed:
Appendix
System Requirements
Network Environment
10Base-T or faster Ethernet LAN
ftp capability
TCP/IP must be installed.
Operating System
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows NT 4.0
Appendix
Checklist
Before you update the firmware, check the
following:
Current firmware version
Machine status
Check the IP address of the machine to be
updated
Appendix
Appendix
Login
Login as “rsysupdate” or as machine administrator on later
controllers (from autumn controller)
Default password is “password”
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
On the machine:
The machine shows “receiving rom data.
Updating ROM.
Do not switch the machine off!
The machine will reboot,
Check “error.txt” for problems.
Appendix
Appendix
End