MCq ( Histology )

Microtechniques:
1- Fixation (Mid,97-Sept.,99-Mid,99)
a- prevents putrifaction and autolysis
b- hardens the tissue
c- supports the tissue, to facilitate cutting
d- increase affinity of tissues to stain
(Correct / a-b & d)

2- Fixation of fresh tissue is essential to(Mid,2000)

a- remove water
b- prevent deterioration
c- replace alcohol
d- clear the sections
e- keep the cells alive
(Correct / b )

3- In dehydration of the tissue we use different grads of

a- formaldehyde
b- alcohol
c- xylol
d- paraffin wax
e- hematoxylin
(Correct / b )

4- The aim of dehydration is to

a- add water to the tissue
b- add paraffin to the tissue
c- remove water from the tissue
d- remove paraffin from the tissue
e- prevent postmortem decomposition
(Correct / c )

5- Clearing is done by placing the tissues in (Desc,89)

a- Suza
b- Bouin
c- Zinker
d- Xylol or benzol
(Correct /d )

6- The stain used for demonstration of the following: (Cairo,Mid,86-Jan,2000)

a- Adipose C.T. b- Mast cells..
c- Myelin sheath…
d- Reticular fibers…….

7- What is the stain of choice for (Desc.,89- Mid,99)

a- mitochondria
b- Golgi body
c- centrioles
d- glycogen granules

8- The most commonly used basic dye is (Mid,20000)

a- Eosin
b- Methylene blue
c- Toluidine blue
d- PAS
e- Hematoxylin
(Correct /e )

9- The most commonly used acidicdye is

a- Eosin
b- Methylene blue
c- Toluidine blue
d- PAS
e- Hematoxylin
(Correct /a )

10- Vital stain is (Mid, 97-Sept,97-Desc.,98)

a- staining of dead tissue outside the body
b- staining of a living cell inside the body
c- staining of a living cell outside the body
d- staining of a dead tissue inside the body
(Correct / b)

11- Supravital stain is (Mid, 97-98-Mid,2000)

a- staining of a living cell outside the body
b- staining of a living cell inside the body
c- staining of phagocytic cells.
d- staining of reticulocytes
(Correct / a & d)

12- Metachromasia(Desc.,98)
a- staining of a tissue by the color of the original stain
b- staining of a tissue by a color differs from the original stain
c- staining of granules of mast cells by a red color after toludine blue
d- staining of phagocytic cells by trypan blue
(Correct / b & c)

13- Metachromasia is a character of

a- macrophages
b- plasma cells
c- mast cells
d- fibroblasts
e- fat cells
(Correct / c)

14- Advantages of paraffin sections (Mid,97-98-Sept,97-99)

a- short period of time
b- large pieces of tissues could be used
c- excellent for soft tissues as brain
d- sections are easily stained
(Correct / a & d)

15- Advantages of celloidin sections (Mid,97)

a- gives perfect sections, as no heat is used
b- short period of time
c- excellent for soft tissues as brain
d- sections are easily stained
(Correct / a & c)

16- Paraffin sections are cut (for light microscope) at a

a- 5 to 8 A
b- 5 to 8 nm
c- 5 to 8 um
d- 5 to 8 mm
e- 5 to 8 cm
(Correct / c)

17- Which of the following is used to make fat visible (Sept.,98)

a- Eosin
b- Hematoxylin
c- Sudan III
d- Toluidine blue
e- Mallory stain
(Correct / c )

18- Complete : (Desc.,89)

Sections for E/M are cut by …………… mounted on …………….
and stained with…………..

19- The purpose of the microscope is

a- fixation
b- staining
c- mounting
d- resolution
e- clearing
(Correct / d )

20- Micrometer is equivalent to

a- 10-3 mm
b- 10-6 mm
c- 10-9 mm
d- 10-12 mm
e- 10-15 mm
(Correct / a )

21- Nanometer is equivalent to

a- 10-3 mm
b- 10-6 mm
c- 10-9 mm
d- 10-12 mm
e- none of the above
(Correct / b)
____________________________________________________________
The cell
General features:
1- Human cells vary in size from
a- 4 to 200 A
b- 4 to 200 nm
c- 4 to 200 um
d- 4 to 200 mm
e- 4 to 200 cm
(Correct / c )

2- The largest cell in human body (Desc.,89)

a- lymphocytes
b- fat cells
c- RBCs
d- Mature ova
(Correct /d)

3- The following are membranous cell organoids except: (Sept.,98)

a- mitochondria
b- cell membrane
c- lysosomes
d- secretory vesicles
e- ribosomes
(Except / e)
4- The following are membranous cell organoids except: (Mid, 2001)
a- mitochondria
b- cell membrane
c- microtubules
d- lysosomes
e- secretory vesicles
(Except / c )
5- The following are non- membranous cell organoids except:
a- microtubules
b- ribosomes
c- centrioles
d- microfilaments
e- cell membrane
(Except / e )
The cell membrane
1- The plasma membrane (Mid,97- Mid,99)
a- it appears as two dark layers, separated by a light one (trilaminar)
b- consists of a lipid trilayer
c- contains a glycocalyx on its external surface
d- does not permit protein movement within the plane of the membrane
(Correct / a & c)
2- The cell membrane is composed of
a- lipid
b- protein
c- carbohydrate
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / d )
3- The cell membrane (Mid,2001 b)
a- is structurally based on a lipid bilayer
b- contains proteins which only acts as enzymes
c- surrounds the nucleus in a single layer
d- surrounds the individual ribosomes within the cell
e- is maintained by vesicles derived from the Golgi
(Correct / a & e )

4- Fluid-phase micropinocytosis is acellular process that

a- employs pseudopodia
b- is directly visible with the aid of a light microscope
c- occurs with the formation of small fluid-filled vesicles
d- is narrowly selective or specific in the materials it takes in
e- characterizes cell breakdown
(Correct / c )

5- The plasma membrane

a- is visible with the light microscope as thin basophilic line
b- consists of a lipid trilayer
c- contains a glycocalyx on its external surface
d- does not permit protein movement within the plane of the membrane
(Correct / c )

6- The plasma membrane (Mid,2000)

a- is associated with certain cytoplasmic components
b- consists of a lipid trilayer
c- contains a glycocalyx on its external surface
d- does not permit protein movement within the plane of the membrane
(Correct / a & c )

7- Glycocalyx is
a- the protein component of the cell membrane
b- the carbohydrate component of the cell membrane
c- the hydrophilic end of lipid
d- the hydrophobic end of lipid
e- the inner layer of the cell membrane
(Correct / b)

Specialization’s or modifications of cell surfaces

1- Microvilli (Desc.,97)
a- include sterocilia
b- form the brush border in proximal tubule cells of the kidney
c- facilitate absorption
d- contain an axoneme composed of 9 peripheral doublet microtubules and a central pair of microtubules
(Correct / a- b & c )
2- Microvilli of epithelial cells (Mid,2000)
a- are restricted in occurrence to the lining of digestive system
b- are generally visible with light microscope
c- develop into cilia
d- increase the absorptive capacity of the cells
e- are motile appendages ,chiefly of the basal plasma membrane
(Correct / d )
3- Microvilli have the following characters except :
a- include sterocilia
b- full of microfilaments
c- contain an axoneme composed of a doublets
d- facilitate absorption
(Except / c )
4- Sterocilia are
a- long motile cilia
b- true cilia
c- long motile microvilli
d- long microvilli
e- short true cilia
(Correct / d )
5- Sterocilia are
a- motile cilia
b- short cilia
c- motile microvilli
d- long microvilli
e- terminal webs
(Correct / d )
6- The following can be found on the apical surface of simple columnar
epithelium
a- villi
b- hemidesmosome
c- desmosome
d- basal lamina
e- none of the above
(Correct / e )
Cell attachments:
1- Which of the following prevents the passage of unwanted materials into the
body via adjacent epithelial cells
a- zonula adherens
b- zonula occludens
c- macula adherens
d- macula occludens
e- fascia adherens
(Correct / b )
2- The classical description of a junctional complex includes the following except:
a- fascia occludens
b- zonula occludens
c- zonula adherens
d- macula adherens (desmosome)
( Except / a )
3- The classical description of a junctional complex includes which of
the following components (Mid,2000)
a- the fascia occludens
b- the zonula adherens
c- the nexus
d- the zonula occludens
(Correct / b & d )
4- In epithelia, a junctional complex
a- is the same as desmosome
b- consists of two adjacent sets of internal laminae
c- generally consists of three regions: zonula occludens, zonula
adherens, and macula adherens
d- usually contains a hemidesmosome
e- is composed of the peripheral cytoskeleton of two adjacent cells
(Correct / c )
5- Epithelial cells have junctions of varying types
a- occluding junction prevent lateral diffusion of membrane proteins
b- adherent junctions interact with the actin filaments in cells
c- desmosomal junctions interact with the actin filaments outside cells
d- hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the basement membrane
e- gap junctions have a role in intercellular communication
(Correct / a- b- d & e )
6- The macula adherens is called
a- junctional complex
b- tight junction
c- desmosome
d- gap junction
e- nexus
(Correct / c )
7- The macula adherens is called
a- junctional complex
b- tight junction
c- zonula occludens
d- zonula adherens
e- desmosome
(Correct / e )
8- Desmosome is
a- macula occludens
b- macula adherens
c- zonula occludens
d- zonula adherens
e- fascia occludens
(Correct / b )
9- Desmosome has the following characters except:
a- is a disk like attachment between cells
b- is located only between epithelial cells
c- is specialized for adhesion
d- is called macula adherns
( Except / b )
10- Desmosome
a- is a disk like attachment between cells
b- is associated with filaments
c- is specialized for adhesion
d- is located only between epithelial cells
(Correct / a –b & c)
11- Hemidesmosome is located between
a- the basal surface of epithelial cell and its basement membrane
b- the lateral surface of epithelial cell and its adjacent cell
c- the smooth muscle cells
d- the cardiac muscle cells
e- the connective tissue cells
(Correct / a )
12- Gap junctions (Mid,2001 b)
a- permit the passage of large proteins from cell to cell
b- form part of the classical junctional complex
c- exist only between epithelial cells
d- are areas of low resistance for nerve stimulation
(Correct / d )
The mitochondria
1- The power house of the cell is (Sept.,98)
a- Golgi apparatus
b- Mitochondria
c- Lysosomes
d- Endoplasmic reticulum
e- Nucleus
(Correct / b )
2- The organoids that can duplicate themselves are
a- Ribosomes
b- Lysosomes
c- Mitochondria
d- Golgi apparatus
e- none of the above
(Correct / c )
3- The mitochondria (Mid,2000)
a- replicate independently from the cell
b- are the main site for oxidative phosphorylation
c- have an outer cell membrane
d- vary in morphology between different cell types
e- contain their own DNA & genetic materials
(Correct /a- b- c –d & e )
4- The number of mitochondria present in a cell depends on its
a- size
b- shape
c- energy requirements
d- capability of division
e- none of the above
(Correct / c )
5- The following are the characters of the mitochondria except: (Mid.,2001)
a- they need special stain to be seen
b- they have double membranes
c- they can divide
d- they contain DNA
e- they contain some hydrolytic enzymes
(Except / e )
6- The following are the functions of the mitochondria except:
a- heat production in the brown fat
b- sites of krebs cycle
c- drug detoxification
d- concentration of calcium
e- synthesis of protein and lipids
(Except / c )
The Golgi apparatus
1- The Golgi apparatus is (Mid,97-Desc.,98-Sept.,99-Jan.,2000)
a- the site of protein concentration
b- has transfer vesicles associated with its outer convex surface (cis) face
c- has secretory vesicles associated with its inner surface (trans) face
d- synthesizes multivesicular bodies
(Correct / a –b & c)
2- At LM level Golgi apparatus can be demonstrated using (Sept.,98)
a- Sudan black
b- Best’s carmine
c- Silver impregnation
d- Osmic acid
e- none of the above
(Correct / c)
3- Golgi apparatus
a- synthesizes multivesicular bodies
b- synthesizes protein that will be excreted
c- is one of the cell inclusions
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / e)
4- The Golgi apparatus is
a- the site of packing of secretory products of the cell
b- the site of protein synthesis
c- continuos with smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d- capable of providing energy
e- visible only by E/M
(Correct / a)
5- The function of Golgi apparatus is/are
a- chemical modifications of some secretory products
b- distribution and package of the secretion into secretory vesicles
c- segregation and package of hydrolytic enzymes into lysosomes
d- distribution and recycling of various kinds of membranes
e- all of the above
(Correct / e)
6- The following are features of Golgi apparatus except:
a- synthesis of proteins
b- concentration of proteins
c- package of proteins
d- chemical modification of some secretory products
e- segregation of hydrolytic enzymes into lysosomes
(Except / a )
7- The Golgi apparatus (June,2001)
a- has condensing (secretory) vacuoles associated with its outer (cis) face
b- has condensing(secretory) vacuoles associated with its inner (trans) face
c- synthesizes multivesicular bodies
d- functions in the synthesis of certain lipoprotein
(Correct / b & d )
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Endoplasmic reticulum
1- Concerning rough endoplasmic reticulum, it is
a- composed of membranous tubules and sacs
b- the site of protein synthesis that will be secreted by he cell
c- widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm
d- its surface membrane is studded with ribosomes
e- all of the above
(Correct / e)
2- The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize
a- lipid
b- carbohydrate
c- protein that will be secreted by the cell
d- cytoplasmic protein necessary of the cell own existence
e- glycogen
(Correct / c)
3- The localized cytoplasmic basophilia indicates the presence of
a- mitochondria
b- Golgi apparatus
c- rough endoplasmic reticulum
d- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e- lysosomes
(Correct / c)
4- Granular endoplasmic reticulum is most abundant in cell types that
are involved in
a- transport of calcium ions
b- producing steroid hormones
c- lipid metabolism
d- detoxification of foreign compounds
e- protein synthesis
(Correct / e)
5- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Mid,97)
a- often occurs in the form of branching anastomosing tubules
b- sometimes has ribosomes attached to its membranes
c- is present in cells where drug detoxification is taking place
d- is rarely found in skeletal muscle cells
(Correct / a & c)
6- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a- sometimes has ribosomes attached to its membranes
b- is rarely found in skeletal muscle cells
c- areas of localized basophilia indicate its presence
d- is present in cells where drug detoxification is taking place
(Correct / d )
7- One of the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is
a- protein synthesis
b- regulation of intracellular calcium distribution
c- excretion
d- maintain the skeleton of the cell
e- phgocytosis
(Correct / b )
8- The function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum are the following except:
a- lipid synthesis
b- protein synthesis
c- drug detoxification
d- glycogen metabolism
e- regulation of intracellular calcium distribution
(Except / b )
9- Organelles involved in the process of secretion (Desc.,89-Mid,97-98
Sept.,97-99)
a- endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth)
b- Golgi body
c- Cell membrane
d- cytoskeleton
(Correct / a & b)
10 - Secretory (Zymogen ) granules can be stained by
a- Hematoxylin & eosin
b- Trichrome stain
c- silver stain
d- osmium tetraoxide
e- Sudan III
(Correct / a )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lysosomes
1- The following of are the functions of lysosomes except:
a- phgocytosis
b- pinocytosis
c- exocytosis
d- autophagy
e- breakdown of some intracellular materials
(Correct / c )
2- Hydrolytic enzymes are found in
a- Golgi apparatus
b- RER
c- SER
d- Lysosomes
e- Ribsosomes
(Correct / d )
3- Multivesicular bodies are
a- primary lysosomes
b- secondary lysosomes
c- formed as a result of digestion of fluid material
d- autophagic vacuoles
e- Phagosomes
(Correct / b & c )
4- The site of lysosomes can be seen using a specific histochemical reaction called
a- alkaline phosphatase
b- acid phosphatase
c- peroxidase
d- succinic dehydrogenase
e- PAS
(Correct / b )
5- Intracellular digestion
a- is associated with lysosomes
b- include the process of autophagy
c- is involved in the turnover of organelles
d- none of the above
e- all of the above
(Correct / e)
6- Intracellular digestion
a- is associated with lysosomes
b- include the process of autophagy
c- is involved in the turnover of organelles
d- takes place within the Golgi apparatus
e- all of the above
(Correct / a – b & c )
7- Lysosomes
a- lysosomes have a membrane H+ -ATPase capable of maintaining
an acid environment
b- the enzymes contained in lysosomes are also contained in peroxisomes
c- vesicles from the Golgi take acid hydrolases to lysosomes
d- fusion of an endosome with a vesicle containing acid hydrolases
forms an endolysosome
e- lysosomal storage diseases are caused by lack of specific lysosomal
enzymes leading to accumulation of a metabolic product
(Correct / a- c- d & e)
8 - Autolysosomes is formed by (Sept.,96)
a- fusion of primary lysosomes with phagosomes, containing endogenous
substrates
b- fusion of primary lysosomes with pinocytic vesicles
c- fusion of primary lysosomes with warren out mitochondria
(Correct / a & c)
9- Organelles most notable for producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide are
a- lysosomes
b- mitochondria
c- Golgi bodies
d- Peroxisomes
e- genomes
(Correct / d )
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Ribosomes
1- Ribosomes (Mid,97)
a- are attached to the surface of the inner nuclear membrane
b- are organized into polysomes in cells synthesizing intracellular proteins
c- are always associated with cell growth and regeneration of organelles
d- consist of a large and a small subunits
(Correct / b & d)
2- The function of free ribosomes is to synthesize
a- lipid
b- carbohydrate
c- protein that will be secreted by the cell
d- cytoplasmic protein necessary for the cell own existence
e- all of the above
(Correct / d)
3- The function of attached ribosomes to RER is to synthesize
a- lipid
b- arbohydrate
c- protein that will be secreted by the cell
d- cytoplasmic protein necessary for the cell own existence
e- glycogen
(Correct / c)
4- Ribosomes are
a- acidophilic organoids
b- surrounded by a single membrane
c- surrounded by a double membrane
d- attached to the immature face of Golgi body
e- none of the above
(Correct / e)
5- Ribosomes
a- are attached to the surface of the nuclear membrane
b- are organized into polysomes in cells synthesizing intracellular proteins
c- are always associated with a strand of mRNA
d- are surrounded by a delicate thin membrane
(Correct / b)
6- Ribosomal RNA is formed in
a- the euchromatin
b- the nucleolus
c- the RER
d- the hetrochromatin
e- ribosomes
(Correct / b)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Centrioles
1- Centrioles
a- do not self-replicate
b- nine doublets of microtubules and one central single
c- contain an inner core of actin filaments
d- contain a 9 +0 configuration of microtubules
(Correct / d)
2- Centrioles are associated with each of the following except:
a- ciliogenesis (cilia formation)
b- nine triplets of microtubules
c- dynine arms that possesses ATP ase activity
d- the ability to duplicate themselves
e- development of mitotic spindle
( Except/ c)
3- At E/M level the centrioles shows
a- nine triplets of microtubules and two central singles
b- nine triplets of microtubules and no central singles
c- nine doublets of microtubules and two central singles
d- nine doublets of microtubules and no central singles
e- nine doublets of microtubules and one central single
(Correct / b )
4- E/M picture of centrioles appears as (Sept.,96)
a- 2 perpendicular cylinders, the wall of each 27 microtubules
b- a central pair and 9 peripheral pairs of microtubules
c- none of the above
d- All of the above
(Correct / a)
5- In electron micrograh a cross section of the cilium shows(June,2001)
a- nine triplets of microtubules and two central singles
b- nine triplets of microtubules and no central singles
c- nine doublets of microtubules and two central singles
d- nine doublets of microtubules and no central singles
e- nine doublets of microtubules and one central single
(Correct / c)
6- At E/M level a cross section of basal body shows
a- nine triplets of microtubules and two central singles
b- nine triplets of microtubules and no central singles
c- nine doublets of microtubules and two central singles
d- nine doublets of microtubules and no central singles
e- nine doublets of microtubules and one central single
(Correct / b )
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The cytoskeleton
1- The cytoskeleton
a- includes microtubules
b- includes the microtrabecular lattice
c- includes intermediate filaments
d- includes actin filaments
(Correct / a- b-c & d)
2- Microtubules have important role in
a- carbohydrate metabolism
b- oxidative phosphorylation
c- water balance
d- formation of cell spindle during mitosis
e- none of the above
(Correct / d)
3- Microtubules are formed from
a- albumin
b- tubulin
c- actin
d- globulin
e- myosin
(Correct / b )
4- The function of microtubules is/are
a- formation of microtubules of the cells
b- formation of cell spindle during mitosis
c- transport of substances within the cytoplasm
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / d )
Cellular inclusions
1- The following are regarded as cellular inclusions except :
a- carbon particles
b- pigments
c- glycogen
d- lipofuscin
e- residual bodies
(Except / e )
2- At E/M glycogen is seen as
a- non electron dense- particles
b- membranous electron dense- particles
c- non membranous electron dense- particles
d- non membranous non electron dense- particles
e- acidophilic small granules
(Correct / c)
3- Glycogen can be demonstrated using
a- H &E
b- Sudan III
c- Silver
d- Best’s carmine
e- Osmic acid
(Correct / d)
4- The most important and essential pigment in the body is
a- carotene
b- melanin
c- hemoglobin
d- carbon particles
e- bilirubin
(Correct / c)
5- Iron containing pigment is
a- bilirubin
b- lipochrome
c- hemosiderin
d- melanin
e- carotene
(Correct / c)
6- Which set of items below includes only those that are either cytoplasmic
inclusions or that are found within some kind of cytoplasmic inclusions
a- lipofuscin, glycogen, karyosome, lipid droplets
b- melanin, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen
c- hemosiderin, secretory granules, glycogen, lipofuscin
d- endoplasmic reticulum, melanin, lipid droplets, Golgi bodies
e- secretory granules, lipofuscin, melanosome, autosome
(Correct / c)
The nucleus
1- The nucleus of inactive cell has
a- hetrochromatin only
b- euchromatin only
c- hetrochromatin is predominant
d- euchromatin is predominant
e- equal amounts hetro & euchromatin
(Correct / c)
2- The nucleus is
a- always found one per cell
b- an essential organelle present in all complete cells
c- enclosed within a nuclear membrane
d- enclosed within inner, intermediate, and outer unit membrane
e- completely covered externally by the fibrous lamina
(Correct / b & c )
3- Hetrochromatin is predominant in :
a- present in the nuclei of metabolically active cells
b- present in the nuclei of metabolically inactive cells
c- special type of stain
d- type of cell organoids
e- type of cell inclusions
(Correct / b)
4- Hetrochromatin is
a- condensed chromatin
b- intensely basophilic
c- predominant in inactive cells
d- none of the above
e- all of the above
(Correct / e)
5- Euchromatin is predominant in :
a- present in the nuclei of metabolically active cells
b- present in the nuclei of metabolically inactive cells
c- special type of stain
d- type of cell organoids
e- type of cell inclusions
(Correct / a )
6- Euchromatin of a cell is
a- active in controlling the cell’s metabolic processes
b- concentrated within the cell’s karyosomes
c- metabolically active during mitosis
d- more heavily stained by nuclear stains than is hetrochromatin
e- typically complexed chemically with histones
(Correct / a )
7- Euchromatin contains
a- the active genes
b- the inactive genes
c- both types of genes
d- RNA
e- none of the above
(Correct / a )
8- Chromatin is a component of the
a- nucleolus
b- nucleus
c- cytoplasm
d- intercellular space
e- none of the above
(Correct / b )
9- The nucleolus is formed of
a- protein & DNA
b- protein & RNA
c- chromatin
d- protein only
e- none of the above
(Correct / b )
10- The nucleolus is formed of
a- hetrochromatin and euchromatin
b- granular and fibrillar parts
c- nucleolus associated and peripheral chromatin
d- condensed chromatin
e- extended chromatin
(Correct / b )
11- The nuclear pore
a- is hexagonal in shape
b- is bridged by a unit membrane
c- is a transient structure
d- allows for communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
(Correct / d )
12- DNA could be found in
a- ribosomes
b- Golgi apparatus
c- mitochondria
d- lysosomes
e- none of the above
(Correct / c )
13- DNA contains the following nitrogenous bases except :
a- Thymine
b- Cytosine
c- Uracil
d- Adenine
e- Guanine
(Except / c )
14- Ribosomal RNA is formed in
a- hetrochromatin
b- euchromatin
c- nucleolus
d- Golgi apparatus
e- Mitochondria
(Correct / c )
15- Dense granules of RNA typically occur, among other places, within the
a- pars granulosa of cytoplasmic nucleoli
b- pars granulosa of membrane-bound nucleoli
c- pars fibrosa of nuclear nucleoli
d- pars granulosa of nuclear nucleoli
e- nucleolus associated chromatin
(Correct / d )
16- The sugar in RNA is
a- purine
b- pyrimidine
c- ribose
d- desoxyribose
e- essential for code formation
(Correct / c )
17-Define (Desc.,89)
a- micro-tubular organizing center (MTOC)
b- karyotyping
c- Bar body
18- Bar body (Mid,97)
a- is an inactive (coiled) X-chromosomes
b- is a sex chromatin in somatic female cells
c- is an inactive (coiled) Y-chromosomes
d- during the interphase, appears as a drumstick stained with basic dyes
Hx and Feulgon +ve
(Correct / a- b & d)
19- Bar body (Mid,97)
a- is an inactive (coiled) X-chromosomes in females
b- is X-chromosomes in males
c- is Y-chromosomes in males
d- is XX-chromosomes in females
e- is XY-chromosomes in males
(Correct / a )
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The life cycle of the cell
1- The life cycle of the cell (Desc.,97- Mid,99)
a- includes an interphase and a complete cell division
b- is the period between two cell divisions
c- is divided into three phases G1, S & G2 phases
d- includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
(Correct / a)
2- The centrioles is duplicated during
a- synthesis (S) stage of interphase
b- Gap two (G2) stage of interphase
c- Gap one (G1) stage of interphase
d- meiosis
e- leptotene stage
(Correct / a)
3- The cell undergoes duplication of its nuclear DNA at
a- synthesis (S) stage of interphase
b- Gap two (G2) stage of interphase
c- Gap one (G1) stage of interphase
d- metaphase stage of mitosis
e- meiosis
(Correct / a)
4- Meiosis (Mid.,2001)
a- is characterized by two cell divisions but only one includes replication of
DNA.
b- in its first cell division produces haploid cells.
c- in its second cell produces sister chromatids
d- in its first prophase is similar to that of mitosis.
e- in its first prophase has tetrads formed, each representing
homologous chromosomes.
(Correct / a –c & e )
5- In dividing cells
a- the nuclear membrane is fragmented during separation of chromosomes
b- the nucleolus is involved in ribosomal biogenesis (synthesis) and is a
prominent structure in dividing cells
c- prophase and metaphase both occur in S phase of the cell cycle
d- the final daughter cells which derive from meiosis are haploid
e- control of the overall population may be regulated by apoptosis (death)
(Correct / a- b- d & e )
6-Prophase of the first meiotic division (Desc.,97-Mid,2000-June,2001)
a- is the longest phase of meiosis
b- it includes leptotene stage
c- it includes diplotene stage
d- it includes telophase
(Correct / a-b & c )
7- Chiasmata are formed in
a- leptotene
b- zygotene
c- pachytene
d- diplotene
e- diakinesis
(Correct / d )
8- In normal conditions, highly specialized cells
a- can divide
b- usually divide
c- have no capacity for further proliferation
d- are in G2 phase of the cell
e- none of the above
(Correct / c )
9- MTOC is formed of
a- in part by the two Centriole pairs that will form the mitotic spindle
b- two kinetochores
c- Leptotene
d- Zygotene
e- Pachytene
(Correct / a )
Karyotyping
1- Mitosis may be arrested at metaphase by
a- phytohemagglutinin
b- colchicine
c- antibiotics
d- any toxic drug
e- none of the above
(Correct / b )
2- The number of autosomes in human somatic cell is
a- 22 chromosomes
b- 22 pairs of identical chromosomes
c- 23 chromosomes
d- 23 pairs of identical chromosomes
e- 46 pairs of chromosomes
(Correct / b )
3- Submetacentric chromosomes have (Sept.,97)
a- centromere located near the center
b- centromere located median in position
c- centromere located near one end
d- none of the above
(Correct / a )
4- In acrocentric chromosomes the centromere is
a- absent
b- terminal
c- median
d- submedian
e- subterminal
(Correct / e )
5- In metacentric chromosomes the centromere is
a- absent
b- terminal
c- median
d- submedian
e- subterminal
(Correct / c )
6- Chromosomes are submetacentric in group
a- Group A
b- Group B
c- Group C
d- Group E
e- Group G
(Correct / b- c & d)
7- Chromosomes are short and submetacentric in group
a- Group A
b- Group B
c- Group C
d- Group E
e- Group G
(Correct / d)
8- Chromosomes are metacentric in group
a- Group A
b- Group B
c- Group C
d- Group E
e- Group F
(Correct / a & e )
9- Chromosomes are acrocentric in group (Mid,2001 b)
a- Group A
b- Group B
c- Group C
d- Group D
e- Group G
(Correct / d & e )
10- Chromosomal study helps in clinical diagnosis in
a- mental retardation
b- abnormal sexual development
c- infertility
d- multiple congenital malformation
e- all of the above
(Correct / e )
____________________________________________________________________
Epithelial Tissues:
General Characteristics:
1- Characteristics of epithelial cells (Desc.,97)
a- they line body surfaces
b- they are vascular
c- they have basal lamina
d- they contain relatively large amounts of intercellular substance
(Correct / a &c )
2- Which of the following characteristics are true of epithelia (Mid,2000)
a- they line body surfaces
b- they are vascular
c- most epithelial cells have the ability of regeneration
d- they are separated from the underlying connective tissue by a basal lamina
e- they contain relatively large amounts of intercellular substance
(Correct / a -c & d )
3- There are several distinct features of epithelial cells
a- squamous epithelial cells are flat and plate- like
b- pseudostratified epithelium has all its cells in contact with the underlying extracellular matrix
c- a simple columnar cell is typically 2-3 times higher than its width
d- cell division occurs at all layers in a stratified squamous epithelium
e- transitional epithelium is a characteristic cell lining the urinary tract
(Correct / a –b-c & e )
4- The general characteristics of epithelial cells are all the following except: (Mid,2001)
a- intercellular substance is nearly absent
b- all the cells in the basal layer are resting on a basement membrane.
c- nerve fibers and blood vessels can pass within epithelial cells
d- endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm can share in formation of epithelium
e- most epithelial cells have the ability of regeneration
(Correct / c )
5- Epithelium is the tissue that
a- is composed of cells and large amount of intercellular substance
b- develops from embryonic mesoderm only
c- contains fine blood capillaries
d- can regenerate
e- provides support for other tissues
(Correct / d )
6- Epithelium
a- is composed of cells and few fibers
b- contains blood capillaries
c- has many functions depending on its site
d- can not regenerate
e- provides support for organs
(Correct / c)
7- The epithelial tissue is
a- ectodermal in origin
b- mesodermal in origin
c- endodermal in origin
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / d )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I- Simple epithelium
1- Simple squamous epithelium lines all of the following structures except:
(Mid,97)
a- the alveoli of the lung
b- parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
c- distal convoluted tubule
d- lymphatic vessels
e- blood vessels
(Except / c )
2- Simple squamous epithelium lines all of the following structures except:
a- the alveoli of the lung
b- parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
c- thin limb of Henle’s loop
d- distal convoluted tubules
(Except / d )
3- Which one of the epithelial subtypes listed below typically is also
simple squamous
a- mesothelium
b- distended transitional (in distended organs)
c- germinal
d- keratinized
e- pseudostratified
(Correct / a )
4- Simple squamous epithelium lines all of the following structures except:
a- the alveoli of the lung
b- parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
c- lymphatic vessels
d- thin limb of Henle’s loop
e- distal convoluted tubules
(Except / e )
5- The alveoli of the lung are lined mainly with
a- simple squamous epithelium
b- simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium
c- simple columnar epithelium
d- simple ciliated columnar epithelium
e- pseudostratified columnar epithelium
(Correct / a )
6- Each of the following concerning mesothelium is true except :(Mid,-96-97-98
Sept.,97)
a- it is derived from mesoderm
b- it is simple squamous epithelium
c- it lines pleural cavity
d- it lines blood vessels
(Except / d)
7- Mesothelium is a special type of
a- connective tissue
b- simple squamous epithelium lining lymphatics
c- simple squamous epithelium lining blood vessels
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / e)
8- Mesothelium is derived from(Mid,2000)
a- ectoderm
b- endoderm
c- mesoderm
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / c)
9- Endothelium is the lining epithelium of
a- pleural cavity
b- blood vessels
c- thyroid follicles
d- the alveoli of the lung
e- none of the above
(Correct / b)
10- Endothelium provides lining of
a- peritoneum
b- pleural cavity
c- pericardial cavity
d- the heart
e- the alveoli of the lung
(Correct / d)
11- Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in (Sept.,98)
a- large blood vessels
b- small intestine
c- gall bladder
d- urinary bladder
e- none of the above
(Correct / e )
12- Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in (Jan.,2000)
a- large blood vessels
b- medium sized ducts of glands
c- gall bladder
d- thyroid follicles
e- none of the above
(Correct / b & d )
13- In simple cuboidal epithelium, the nuclei (at L/m level)
a- rounded and central
b- rounded and apical
c- oval and central
d- oval and basal
e- absent
(Correct / a )
14- At E/M level secretory cuboidal epithelium is characterized by
a- prominent nucleus
b- secretory granules
c- rich in RER
d- clear Golgi apparatus
e- all of the above
(Correct / e )
15- Each of the following statement concerning simple columnar epith. is true
except: (Mid,96)
a- it lines the stomach and small intestine
b- it lines the serous cavities
c- its nuclei are oval and basal
d- it is dark in the intestine and clear in the stomach
(Except / b)
16- Simple columnar epithelium is found in Except (Sept.,91)
a- esophagus
b- gall bladder
c- G.I.T.
d- the large bile ducts
(Except / a)
17- The function/s of simple columnar epithelium is/are
a- secretory
b- absorptive
c- all of he above
d- none of the above
(Correct / c)
18-In absorptive cells, the brush border seen at L/M level is
a- sterocilia
b- true cilia
c- long microvilli
d- short few microvilli
e- basal infoldings
(Correct / c)
19-The brush border of the absorptive columnar epithelium at E/M level is
(Mid,2001 b)
a- microtubules
b- myofilaments
c- long cilia
d- microvilli
e- basal infoldings
(Correct / d)
20- Absorptive simple columnar epithelium is seen in
a- urinary bladder
b- uterus
c- trachea
d- epididymis
e- small intestine
(Correct / e)
21- Each of the following statement concerning pseudostratified epith. is true
except: (Mid,96)
a- all of its cells rest on the basement membrane.
b- some of its cells reach the apical surface
c- it is found in the respiratory system
d- it is found in the epidermis
(Except / d)
22- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a type of
a- simple epithelium
b- stratified epithelium
c- glandular epithelium
d- neuro- epithelium
e- myoepithelium
(Correct / a)
23- Pseudostratified epithelium
a- may be keratinized
b- is highly vascular
c- has more than one layer of cells
d- all its cells are resting on a basal lamina
e- found in the urinary bladder
(Correct / d)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II- Stratified epithelium
1- Each of the following statement concerning stratified epith. is true except:
(Mid,-96-97-Sept.,97-99- Mid,99)
a- all of its cells rest on the basement membrane.
b- some of its cells reach the apical surface
c- it is found in the esophagus
d- it is found in the epidermis
( Except / a )
2- Stratified squamous epithelium
a- consists of a single layer of flattened cells
b- is protective rather than secretory or absorptive
c- is keratinized where it lines enclosed areas
d- has rich supply of capillaries running between its cell layers
e- may be ciliated
(Correct / b)
3- The epithelium that lines all body openings on the skin is : (Mid,2001)
a- endothelium
b- pseudostratified columnar
c- stratified squamous
d- stratified columnar
e- mesothelium
(Correct / c)
4- Which of the following is typical feature/s of protective epithelium
a- stratified
b- phagocytic activity
c- antibody production
d- brush border
e- all of the above
(Correct / a)
5- Which of the following features is of epithelium that has protective role
a- stratified
b- phagocytic activity
c- antibody production
d- possesses microvilia
e- has a brush border
(Correct / a)
6- The followings are true regarding squamous epithelium except:
a- it lines the esophagus
b- its most superficial layer of cells is flattened
c- its nuclei are not on the same plane
d- it lacks a basal lamina
( Except / d )
7- The followings statements are true regarding stratified squamous epithelium
a- the surface layer of cells is always keratinized
b- it lines the esophagus
c- it lacks a basal lamina
d- its most superficial layer of cells is flattened
(Correct / b & d )
8- Stratified columnar ciliated epithelium is found in (June,92)
a- soft palate
b- fetal esophagus
c- recto-anal junction
d- stomach
(Correct / a &b)
9- Transitional epithelium is found in (Sept.,98)
a- gall bladder
b- uterus
c- ureter
d- epididymis
e- small intestine
(Correct / c)
10- Transitional epithelium
a- may be keratinized
b- may contain goblet cells
c- is a special type of stratified epithelium
d- all cells are in contact with basal lamina
e- found in the gall bladder
(Correct / c)
11- Transitional epithelium is
a- pseudostratified
b- ciliated
c- stratified columnar
d- found in the gall bladder
e- none of the above
(Correct / e)
12- Transitional epithelium is (Mid,2000)
a- pseudostratified
b- ciliated
c- stratified squamous
d- found in the gall bladder
e- stratified with large surface cells
(Correct / e)
13- Mention the epithelium of the following: (Mid,97-Desc.,98)
a-Aorta…………..
b-Urinary bladder …..
c- Trachea……
d- Skin……..
14-Types of epithelium in: (Cairo, 85).
a- Esophagus…. b- Uterus…..
c- Gall bladder…….. d- Epididymis……
15-Types of epithelium in: (Cairo, Mid,88-89).
a- Aorta… b- Fallopian tube.
c- Ureter. d- Trachea.
16- Types of epithelium in: (Cairo, Mid,86).
a- Urinary bladder… b- Thyroid gland….
c- Stomach… d- Epidermis of skin….
17- Types of epithelium in: (Sept.,93)
a- Bowman’s capsule. b- Skin.
c- Large intestine. d- Recto-anal junction
III- Glandular epithelium
1- Apocrine glands (Mid, 97)
a- some cells are destroyed, to form the secretion
b- no change occur in the secretory cells
c- the apex of the cell is destroyed during secretion
d- salivary glands
e- sebaceous glands
(Correct / c )
2- Merocrine glands
a- some cells are destroyed, to form the secretion
b- no change occur in the secretory cells
c- the apex of the cell is destroyed during secretion
d- salivary glands
e- sebaceous glands
(Correct / b & d)
3- Holocrine glands (June,2001)
a- some cells are destroyed, to form the secretion
b- no change occur in the secretory cells
c- the apex of the cell is destroyed during secretion
d- salivary glands
e- sebaceous glands
(Correct / a & e )
4- Glands are classified according to the presence or absence of ducts into
(Mid,93)
a- exocrine, endocrine or mixed glands
b- serous and mucous glands
c- unicellular and multi-cellular glands
d- none of the above
(Correct / a)
5- Mention the types of the following glands (Mid,93)
a- liver
b- mammary glands
c- pancreas
d- intestinal crypts
6- In exocrine glands ducts (Jan.,2000)
a- are not present
b- open into the blood stream
c- are branching
d- are lined by different type of epithelium
(Correct / c & d)
7- In exocrine glands the intralobar ducts
a- are not present
b- lie within lobules
c- lie between lobules
d- lie within lobes
e- lie between lobes
(Correct / d)
8-In exocrine glands the intralobular ducts
a- are not present
b- lie within lobules
c- lie between lobules
d- lie within lobes
e- lie between lobes
(Correct / b)
N.B intra =within - inter = between
9- Compound exocrine glands
a- have unbranched duct
b- have branched secretory ducts
c- secrete hormones
d- have specific target organs
e- secrete into the blood stream
(Correct / b )
10-Goblet cell is an example of: (Mid, 2001)
a- unicellular gland
b- mucous gland
c- Simple columnar secretory epithelium
d- exocrine gland
e- all of the above
(Correct / e )
11- Epithelial cells have a secretory role
a- endocrine secretion occurs when a cell enters the blood stream
b- mucin-secreting cells have a well developed Golgi, this being the main
site of protein glycosylation
c- ion-pumping cells have many lysosomes to export transported solutes
d- merocrine secretion occurs when a secreted product is exocytosed from the cell onto a surface or into a lumen
e- apocrine secretion occurs when the whole cell is shed as the secreted product
(Correct / b & d )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV- Neuro-epithelium
1- Neuro-epithelium is found in (Mid,-90-93)
a- G.I.T and urinary bladder
b- Salivary glands and mammary glands
c- Taste buds and organ of corti
d- Maculae of utricle and saccule
(Correct / c & d)
2- Taste buds is a type of
a- surface epithelium
b- secretory epithelium
c- protective epithelium
d- absorptive epithelium
e- neuro-epithelium
(Correct / e)
3- Taste bud is an example of
a- neuro-epithelium
b- myoepithelium
c- merocrine gland
d- simple alveolar gland
e- sero-mucous gland
(Correct / a)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
V- Myo-epithelium
1- Myoepithelial (basket) cells are (Mid, 2001 b)
a- myoepithelial cells
b- located between the basal part of secretory cell and its basal lamina
c- able to squeeze the secretion out of secretory cells
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / d )
2- Myoepithelial (basket) cells
a- are simple squamous epithelial cells that have contractile ability
b- consist of actin containing contractile cells associated with some
gland cells
c- represent striated muscle cells that lie adjacent to certain epithelial cells
d- generally lie outside the basement membrane of the adjacent epithelial cells
e- are incompletely differentiated mesenchymal cells
(Correct / b)
Connective Tissues
General Characteristics:
1- The origin of connective tissue is
a- ectodermal in origin
b- mesodermal in origin
c- mesodermal and endodermal in origin
d- ectodermal and endodermal
e- none of the above
(Correct / b)
2-Connective tissue could be
a- vascular
b- highly vascular
c- avascular
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(Correct / d)
3-Mature general connective tissue consists chiefly of (Jan,2000)
a- intercellular material that contains only ground substance
b- matrix that contains fibers, cells and ground substance
c- connective tissue cells
d- tissue fluid (under normal conditions)
e- mesenchyme
(Correct / b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General ( Proper) Connective Tissue
Cells:
1- The following are C.T. cells except
a- neutrophils
b- endothelial cells
c- macrophages
d- reticular cells
e- erythrocytes
(Correct / e)
2- Wandering C.T. cells are except : (Desc.,97)
a- pigment cells
b- mast cells
c- leucocytes
d- plasma cells
e- fibroblasts
(Correct / e)
3- The following are free C.T. cells except :
a- pigment cells
b- fibroblasts
c- plasma cells
d- mast cells
e- neutrophils
(Correct / b)
4- The following are free C.T. cells except : (Mid, 2001)
a- macrophages
b- adipose cells
c- plasma cells
d- mast cells
e- neutrophils
(Correct / b)
5- The permanent (fixed) C.T. cells are except : ( Mid,200)
a- pericytes
b- endothelium
c- plasma cells
d- fibroblasts
e- macrophages
(Correct / c)
6- Branched C.T. proper cells are except (June,92)
a- fibroblasts
b- undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (UMC)
c- histiocytes
d- fat cells
e- pigments cells
(Correct / d)
Fibroblasts
1- Fibroblasts differentiate into : (Mid,97-98)
a- pericytes
b- macrophages
c- mast cells
d- none of the above
(Correct / d)
2- Fibroblasts secrete
a- collagen fibers only
b- elastic fibers only
c- antibodies
d- amorphous extracellular material
e- heparin
(Correct / d)
3- Fibroblasts differentiate into
a- mast cells
b- macrophages
c- plasma cells
d- pigment cells
e- none of the above
(Correct / e)
4- The structural unit of collagen (tropocollagen) is synthesized by
a- macrophages
b- fibroblasts
c- megakaryocytes
d- plasma cells
e- monocytes
(Correct / b)
5- Collagen precursors are secreted by
a- plasma cells
b- mast cells
c- fibroblasts
d- reticular cells
(Correct / c)
6- The most common cell type of loose areolar C.T is
a- undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (UMC)
b- plasma cells
c- mast cells
d- fibroblasts
e- fat cells
(Correct / d)
Histiocytes
1- The main ultrastructural feature (E/M) of histiocyte is the presence of
a- microvilli
b- secretory granules
c- lysosomes
d- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e- rough endoplasmic reticulum
(Correct / c)
2- The main function of histiocyte is
a- secretion of antibodies
b- secretion of histamine
c- phagocytosis
d- exocytosis
e- supportive
(Correct / c)
Pericytes
1- Pericytes are found close to
a- skin
b- lymph vessels
c- large blood vessels
d- small blood vessels
e- cartilage
(Correct / d)
2- Pericytes are
a- undifferentiated cells of adult tissue
b- able to form fibroblasts
c- considered as myoepithelial cells
d- fixed connective tissue cells
e- all of the above
(Correct / e)
3- Cell that is most often found along capillaries and resembles fibroblasts
a- plasma cells
b- lymphocytes
c- macrophages
d- pericytes
(Correct / d)
Mast cells
1- Mast cells possess or contain (Mid,97-Desc.,98-Sept.,99)
a- deeply stained basophilic granules
b- rich in melanin pigment
c- cytoplasm is basophilic non-granular
d- eccentric nucleus which has a cart-wheel (clock-face) appearance
(Correct / a)
2- Mast cell is (June,90)
a- branched and phagocytic
b- can differentiate into other C.T cells`
c- oval or round, secrete heparin and histamine
d- rich in melanin pigment
(Correct / c)
3- Metachromatic granules are present in (Sept.,98)
a- mast cells
b- plasma cells
c- fat cells
d- pigment cells
e- reticulin (reticular) cells
(Correct / a)
4- Metachromasia is a characters of (Mid,2000)
a- macrophages
b- adipose cells
c- plasma cells
d- mast cells
e- neutrophils
(Correct / d)
5- The main function of mast cells is the secretion of (Mid, 2001 b)
a- antibodies
b- histamine
c- mucous
d- hydrolytic enzymes
e- collagen
(Correct / b)
6- Mast cells
a- have well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b- have phagocytic ability
c- are common found in peripheral blood
d- show all E/M features of protein synthesizing cells
e- none of the above
(Correct / e)
7- Mast cells possess or contain
a- hetrochromatin arranged in a spoke- wheel ( cart-wheel ) pattern
b- deeply stained basophilic granules
c- well developed endoplasmic reticulum
d- many primary lysosomes
(Correct / b)
Plasma cells
1- Plasma cells
a- have well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b- have phagocytic ability
c- are commonly found in peripheral blood
d- show all E/M features of protein synthesizing cells
e- are usually seen in bone marrow
(Correct / d)
2- The nucleus of plasma cell is
a- central and rounded
b- peripheral and flattened
c- have a cart-wheel appearance
d- very pale in Hx & E stain
e- difficult to be seen by L/M
(Correct / c)
3- Plasma cells produce
a- heparin
b- histamine
c- antigens
d- plasma
e- antibodies
(Correct / e)
Fat cells
1- White fat cells are (Sept.,97- Mid,99)
a- unilocular cells
b- multilocular cells
c- fat is pigmented
d- rich in blood supply
(Correct / a)
2- Brown fat cells are (Sept.,97-June,2001)
a- large unilocular cells
b- small multilocular cells
c- fat is pigmented
d- rich in blood supply
(Correct / b-c & d)
3- The main function of brown fat is
a- to provide heat in newborn babies
b- fat metabolism
c- storage of fat
d- binding organs together
e- all of the above
(Correct / a )
4- Adipose cells
a- possess a flattened nucleus
b- possess a thin rim of cytoplasm
c- store fat
d- all of the above
(Correct / d )
5- Sudan III is a specific stain to show
a- fat cells
b- plasma cells
c- mast cells
d- pigment cells
e- fibroblasts
(Correct / a )
6- Which of the following is used to make fat visible
a- Eosin
b- Hematoxylin
c- Sudan III
d- Toluidine blue
e- Mallory stain
(Correct / c)
Macrophages
1- Foreign body giant cells are coalesced
a- macrophages
b- lymphocytes
c- fibroblasts
d- adipose cells
(Correct / a)
2- Monocytes in the blood are precursors of
a- plasma cells
b- fibroblasts
c- mast cells
d- macrophages
e- lymphocytes
(Correct / d)
3- Functions of: (Cairo, Mid,87-88).
a- Fibroblast……. b- C.T. histiocyte…….
c- Plasma cell. d- Mast cell.(89).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fibers
1- Which of the following statements regarding collagen is /are not true
a- is composed of tropocollagen
b- reticular fibers are composed of collagen
c- is affected by boiling, acids and enzymes
d- elastic fibers are composed of collagen
(Correct / d)
2- Collagen has the following characters except :
a- it is composed of tropocollagen
b- its main origin is fibroblast
c- is affected by boiling ,enzymes, acids & alkalies
d- elastic fibers are composed of collagen
(Correct / d)
3- Collagen
a- type I is the main collagen in tendons
b- type II is the main type in bone
c- type III is the main type in reticulin (reticular fibers)
d- is secreted by fibroblasts as procollagen molecules
e- is one of the matrix component of osteoid
(Correct / a-c-d & e )
4- Which one of the following is true elastic fibers (Mid, 2001)
a- are more variable in diameter than collage fibers
b- a major fibrous component of scar tissue
c- well seen by light microscopy after routine histology/pathology staining
procedures (e.g., hematoxylin-eosin, Van Geison’s)
d- elastic fibers are completely digested by hot water
(Correct / c)
5- Elastic fibers are completely digested by
a- hot water
b- cold water
c- diluted acids
d- trypsin
e- elastase
(Correct / e)
6- The protein elastin can be formed by
a- smooth muscle fibers
b- skeletal muscle fibers
c- cardiac muscle fibers
d- elastic fibers
e- collagen fibers
(Correct / a)
7- Elastic fibers are completely hydrolyzed and digested by
a- hot water
b- cold water
c- elastase
d- trypsin
e- diluted acids
(Correct / c)
8- Reticular fibers are
a- readily visible by Hx & E preparation
b- yellowish in fresh preparation
c- found to have large bundles of fibrils than collagen fibers
d- dark brown in fresh preparation
e- dark brown network by silver staining
(Correct / e)
9- which one of the following is true of reticular fibers
a- concentration into bundles
b- secreted by reticulocytes in red bone marrow
c- a major fibrous component of scar tissue
d- well seen by light microscopy after routine histology/pathology staining
procedures (e.g., hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s etc)
e- with electron microscopy they are seen to have the same banding
pattern as collagen fibers
(Correct / e)
10- Reticular fibers are very thin collagen fibers type
a- type I
b- type II
c- type III
d- type IV
e- type V
(Correct / c)
11- Reticular lamina composed of collagen fibers type
a- type I
b- type II
c- type III
d- type IV
e- type V
(Correct / c)
12- Silver stain is specific to show
a- collagen fibers
b- elastic fibers
c- reticular fibers
d- fat cells
e- myelin sheath
(Correct / c)
Ground substance (matrix)
1- Glycosaminoglycans
a- are composed of repeating sugar residues
b- are weakly hydrophilic
c- may be attached to proteins
d- include hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, heparin and fibronectin
e- include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate and other sulfated saccharides
(Correct / a-c & e )
2- Glycosaminoglycans
a- always contain hexosamine
b- include hyaluronic acid
c- are made up of disaccharides
d- are a primitive form of collagen
(Correct / a-b & c )
3- Glycoproteins found in the matrix include
a- laminin
b- chondronectin
c- fibronectin
d- dermatan sulfate
(Correct / a-b & c )
4-Ground substance of general connective tissue (one choice)
a- typically has a large content of free water, the intracellular fluid
b- contains glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and elastin
c- does not contain collagen or tropocollagen
d- owes its changeability in viscosity and permeability to its content of
glycoproteins
e- retards the spread of microorganisms, chiefly because of its contained
network of long-chain carbohydrates
(Correct / b )
5- Basement membrane
a- contains type I collagen
b- contains laminin
c- contains glycosaminoglycans
d- links to epithelial cells
e- acts as a permeability barrier
(Correct / b-c-d & e )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Types of connective tissue
1- Dense regular connective tissue includes (Mid,97)
a- organ capsules
b- basement membrane
c- tendons
d- skin
(Correct / c)
2- Tendons
a- are rich in elastic fibers
b- show many histiocytes or mast cells between bundles of fibers
c- are white in color when fresh
d- show many reticular fibers and collagen fibers
e- all of the above
(Correct / c)
3- Tendons in histological preparations show (Mid,2000)
a- regular parallel bundles of collagen fibers
b- regular parallel bundles of elastic fibers
c- irregular bundles of collagen fibers
d- irregular bundles of elastic fibers
e- histiocytes or mast cells between bundles of fibers
(Correct / a)
4- Ligamentum flavum is formed of
a- dense white irregular connective tissue
b- dense white regular connective tissue
c- dense yellow elastic connective tissue
d- dense white fibro-cartilage
e- loose connective tissue
(Correct / c)
5- Ligamentum nuchae is formed of : (Mid, 2001)
a- dense yellow elastic connective tissue
b- regular white collagenous connective tissue
c- irregular white collagenous connective tissue
d- yellow elastic fibro-cartilage
e- white collagenous fibro-cartilage
(Correct / a )
6- Yellow elastic connective tissue is present in Except (Sept.,91)
a- trachea
b- ligamentum flavum
c- ligamentum nuchae
d- periosteum
(Correct / d)
7- The sclera of the eye is formed of
a- dense yellow elastic connective tissue
f- regular white collagenous connective tissue
c- irregular white collagenous connective tissue
d- reticular connective tissue
e- adipose connective tissue
(Correct / c )
8- Irregular dense white collagenous connective tissue
a- deep fascia
b- capsule of organs
c- perichondrium
d- periosteum
e- all of the above
(Correct / e )
9- Mucoid connective tissue is present in Except (Sept.,91)
a- umbilical cord
b- tendons of muscles
c- vitreous humor of eye
d- pulp of growing teeth
(Correct / b)
10- There are several types of support tissue
a- fibrocollagenous tissue is the major support tissue in most organs
b- chondroblasts elaborate the specialized extracellular matrix of cartilage
c- hyaline cartilage contains type II collagen and forms the main component
of the auricle of the ear
d- unilocular adipose tissue produces heat in the neonatal period
e- following severe tissue damage , fibrocollagenous tissue is formed in healing to produce a fibrous scar
(Correct / a- b & e )
11- Loose connective tissue contains all except
a- cells
b- fibers
c- chondrocytes
d- water
e- amorphous matrix
(Correct / c )
12- In loose connective tissue, collagen fibers
a- provide the greatest tensile strength
b- are composed of unit fibrils showing repeating transverse bands
c- are composed of macromolecules of tropocollagen & elastin
d- contain alpha units that have uniform amino acid compositions and sequences in different parts of the body
e- can be synthesized only by fibroblasts
(Correct / a )
13- Name the material not formed by connective tissue (Mid, 2001 b)
a- adipose tissue
b- scar tissue
c- stroma of a gland
d- parenchyma of a gland
e- elastic fibers
(Correct / d )
_____________________________________________________________________
Cartilage
1- Nutrients and oxygen reach the chondrocytes from perichondrium by
a- fine capillaries
b- diffusion
c- Volkmann’s canal
d- transverse canal
e- Sharpey’s fibers
(Correct / b )
2- What is type of cartilage in: (Cairo,Mid,83-85-Menoufia,92).
a- Trachea…….. b- Pinna of ear……
c- Intervertebral discs……. d- Epiglotis……
3- What is type of cartilage in: (Cairo,Mid,86)
a- Trachea… b- Articular surfaces
c- Eustachian tube..
4- Mention types of cartilage in : (Sept.,97-Desc.,98-Sept.,99)
a. Eustachian tube………..
b. Costal cartilage………….
c. Trachea…………
d. Intervertebral discs
5- Hyaline cartilage is present in : (Sept.,93)
a- trachea & bronchi.
b- symphysis pubis & intervertebral discs
c- all of the above
d- none of the above
(Correct / a )
6- Hyaline cartilage (Desc.,97-Mid,2000)
a- is vascular structure
b- grows by interstitial growth only
c- plays a role in endochondrial bone formation
d- contains collagen fibers and chondroitin sulfuric acid
(Correct / c & d )
7- Hyaline cartilage (Desc.,97)
a- is a vascular structure
b- contains type II collagen
c- grows by interstitial growth only
d- plays a role in endochondrial bone formation
(Correct / b & d )
8- Hyaline cartilage
a- is a vascular structure
b- contains type II collagen
c- grows by interstitial growth only
d- contains type III collagen
(Correct / b )
9- Which of the following are characteristics of hyaline cartilage (Mid, June 2001)
a- matrix that contains ground substance and collagen fibers
b- capable of interstitial growth
c- incapable of appositional growth
d- chondrocytes within lacunae
e- where exposed to synovial fluid it usually is covered by a perichondrium
(Correct / a-b – d & e )
10- At E/M level chondroblast shows all features of
a- absorption
b- phagocytosis
c- protein synthesis
d- lipid synthesis
e- inactive cell
(Correct / c )
11- Young chondrocytes (Mid, 2001 b)
a- can divide inside lacunae
b- do not divide
c- proliferate by meiosis
d- live without nutrition
e- have phagocytic function
(Correct / a )
12- The matrix of hyaline cartilage
a- contains collagen and elastic fibers
b- contains nerves
c- contains blood capillaries
d- is usually acidophilic
e- none of the above
(Correct / a )
13- Elastic cartilages of human body include those within the (Mid,2000)
a- external ear (pinna)
b- epiglottis
c- intervertebral discs
d- symphysis pubis
e- growing ends of long bones
(Correct / a & b )
14- White fibro-cartilage (Desc.,97-Mid,2001)
a- found in symphasis pubis
b- has no perichondrium
c- similar to hyaline and matrix contains yellow elastic fibers
d- the matrix contains fibers that do not appear
(Correct / a & b )
15-The intervertebral discs possess (Jan.,2000)
a- hyaline cartilage
b- fibro-cartilage
c- elastic cartilage
d- collagenous connective tissue
e- elastic connective tissue
(Correct / b )

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