Full Name: _______________________

Date: ______________________

Introduction to Food Processing: Quiz 1

Separation and Concentration Technologies in Food Processing

Section A: Fill in the blank

1. The initial step in food processing is to separate food components.

2. List three ways that food components are separated prior to processing:
a. Filtration
b. Centrifugation (separators clarifiers)
c. Pneumatic separation

Section B: Please match the correct term with its definition:

Terms: Single Extraction Apparatus | Vibrator Separator | Pneumatic Separator |Magnetic

Separator | Filtration Method| Conventional Filtration | Reverse Osmosis | Ultra Filtration
|Centrifuge| Evaporation | Electro-dialysis | Ion exchange materials separators | Bleed and
Feed | Filtration | Centrifugation | Crystallization | Multi-stage Extraction Apparatus | SFE |
Evaporation | Climbing film evaporator | Falling film evaporator

Multi-stage Extraction Apparatus: Offer significant advantages such as higher recovery and
purity

Electro-dialysis: Is a membrane-type electrochemical process whereby membranes are used to

separate ionic molecules from non-ionic one using electric field as the driving force for
separation

Falling film evaporator: A thin liquid film of uniform thickness moves downwards by gravity
inside tubes.

Filtration: Removal of insoluble particles from a suspension by passing it across a porous

material, retaining particles according to their sizes- and shape to some extent

Climbing film evaporator: Liquid moves rapidly upwards by percolation along vertical tubes
and upon reaching the top, the concentrates and vapors produced are sent to a separator.

Vibrator Separator: Relies on vibration to move particles through different screens separating
solids by their sizes or masses
Centrifugation: Provide solid-liquid and liquid- liquid separations, such as in milk processing,
in which milk fat (i.e. cream) removal and clarification can occur simultaneously

Single Extraction Apparatus: Low in operating cost; however, it produces diluted solutions

Evaporation: Is used in food system to obtain partial separation of a volatile solvent, commonly
water, from non-volatile components

Filtration Method: This method includes the conventional filtration and mechanical expression
(i.e. juice extraction from fruits and vegetables)

Pneumatic Separator: Used to compressed gases to separate particles according to their

masses

Reverse osmosis: Use CO2 to complete separation of food components

Magnetic Separator: Applied magnetic fields to remove metallic particles

Pervaporation: Three-step process that is pressure driven membrane where the permeate
generated is a low-pressure vapor, not a liquid, that can be condensed and collected or further
concentrated.

Crystallization: The process by which solid crystals of a solute are formed from a solution

Conventional Filtration: Relies on gravity, pressure or vacuum to create the driving force
necessary for the liquid phase to pass throughout different kinds of filters.

Bleed and Feed: Is the continuous process by feeding the solution to be treated at the same rate
as the concentrate removed.

Centrifuge: A device that separates particles from suspensions, or even macro-molecules from
solutions, according to their size, shape and density

Section C: Multiple Choice Questions

3. Which membrane filtration method can be used to process dairy products?

A. Reverse Osmosis
B. Micro-filtration
C. Ultra-filtration
D. Both B and C
E. Both A and B

4. Which membrane filtration method can be used to process vegetable and plant oils?
A. Nano-filtration
 B. Micro-filtration
C. Ultra-filtration
D. All of the above

5. Which membrane filtration method can be used to process concentrated fruit and
vegetable juices?
A. Micro-filtration
B. Reverse Osmosis
C. Nano-filtration
D. Ultra-filtration
E. Both B and D

6. Which membrane filtration method can be used for brewing alcohol?

A. Nano-filtration
B. Reverse Osmosis
C. Ultra-filtration
D. All above

7. Which method is used to break down or extract oil?

A. Ultra-filtration
B. Mechanical Expression
C. Micro-filtration
D. Reverse Osmosis

Section D: Short Answer

Please describe how to prevent a filter “cake” build up.

As the filter cake builds up, the rate of flow through the filtrate decreases in order to stop this
particular process, one has to stop filtration occasionally and also remove the filter cakes to an
extend of even cleaning the filter in the process of filtration.

Please explain “fouling” and how to prevent it during food processing.

Fouling is the deposition of all unwanted material or residues on heat transfer surfaces. The best
way to avoid fouling process is by keeping the water used as a coolant clean which will keep
away particles from the heat exchanger.
A distillation apparatus consist of three main parts. Please name them.

Distillation flask

Condenser

Collection vessel

Please submit your quiz at the beginning of lecture.