10 Cable Truss

Cable truss
Cable truss
Copyright © G G Schierle, 2001-05 press Esc to end, ↓ for next, ↑ for previous slide 1
Cable trusses evolved from suspension structures to

resist wind uplift and unbalanced gravity loads.
Swedish engineer Jawerth developed cable truss 2.
1 Convex trusses with bottom support and top
stabilizing cables and web compression struts
2 Concave trusses with top supporting and bottom
stabilizing cables and web compression struts
3 Convex truss with diagonal compression struts
4 Convex truss with vertical compression struts
5 Concave truss with diagonal tension struts
6 Concave truss with vertical tension struts
7 Inverted truss with diagonal compression struts
8 Inverted truss with vertical compression struts
9 Center compression strut and radial tension struts
10 Center compression strut - vertical tension struts
11 Outward radial tension struts
12 Parallel cable truss - vertical compression struts
Cable truss Copyright © G G Schierle, 2001-05 press Esc to end, ↓ for next, ↑ for previous slide 2
Auditorium Utica, USA

Architect: Gehron and Seltzer
Engineer: Lev Zetlin
A Circular concrete compression ring
B Top stabilizing cable, 15/8” strands
C Steel compression struts
D Bottom cable, 2” strands
E Steel tension ring
Convex alternative
• Twin compression rings cost more
• Roof drainage requires pumps
A Twin circular concrete compression ring
B Top support cable
C Tension struts
D Bottom stabilizing cable
E Steel tension ring
1
Parallel chord truss
Load bearing of parallel chord trusses:
• Loads P1 and P2 generate a vector polygon

• Load P3 adds a second vector polygon
• Wind uplift generates reversed polygons
1 Parallel chord cable truss with four bays

2 Load bearing polygon formed for two loads
3 Load bearing polygons for three loads
4 Externally stabilized truss with six bays
5 Internally stabilized truss with six bays
Cable truss UC Berkeley

Prof. Schierle and students
Design model
Erection
Top view
Joint detail
2
Pedestrian bridge Stuttgart
Engineer: Schlaich Bergermann
The height for trains passing under the bridge and
maximum slope for handicapped access required a
shallow span/sag of about 20.
Bridge deck of prefab concrete panels is supported by
2 55 mm strands, prestressed by a strand to reduce
deflection under non-uniform load.
Diagonal webs with strands form a prismatic truss.
The small height difference between supports is
ignored, since it has no significant effect on forces.
The code required 5 kPa live load was considered
unlikely (it would imply 7 people per m2).
Therefore, prestress was kept relatively low.
Assume:
Allowable cable stress 70 ksi /0.145 Fa = 483 MPa
Length
(70 ksi/0.145 Mega Pascal = 1 million Pascal)
sections
and plan DL = 1.6 kPa (33 psf)
LL = 5.0 kPa (104 psf)
Cross section Σ = 6.6 kPa (137 psf)
Uniform load per cable

w= 6.6 kPa x 3.3m/2 w = 10.9 kN/m
Global moment
M= wL2/8 = 10.9 x28.872/8 M = 1136 kN-m
Horizontal reaction
H= M/f = 1136/1.45m H = 783kN
Vertical reaction
R= wL/2 =10.9 x28.87/2 R = 157 kN
Cable force
T= (H2+R2)1/2 = (7832 + 1572)1/2 T = 799 kN
Metallic cable area (φ55mm, 70% metallic)
Am= 0.7 π (55/2)2 Am=1663 mm2
Cable stress (f =T/Am)

f=799kN/(1663x10-6m2)= 480,457 kPa f = 481 MPa
Length Check allowable stress 48 1 < 483
sections
US units equivalent
and plan
481 MPa x 0.145 f = 69.7 ksi < 70 ksi
Cross section
Intramural Sports Center, UC Berkeley

Architect: G G Schierle
Engineer: T Y Lin
Existing Harmon gym

New entry hall
Olympic pool
4 multipurpose gyms, 120’x120’
Lower level:
Handball courts
Squash courts
Gymnastics
Weight lifting
Cable truss:
• Top and bottom chord strands
• Twin diagonal strands
• Vertical compression struts
• Fixed-end supports cause negative global bending
3
Assume
Span L = 120’, truss depth d = 10’, truss spacing e = 20’
Allowable cable stress (210 ksi/3) Fa= 70 ksi
DL = 18 psf
LL = 12 psf
Σ = 30 psf
Uniform truss load
w = 30 psf x 20’/1000 w = 0.6 klf
Vertical reaction
R= wL/2 = 0.6 x 120’/2 R = 36 k
Diagonal cable force (10% residual prestress)
T= 1.1 x 65k (from vector triangle) T = 72 k
Cross section area (70% metallic)
A = T/(0.7 Fa) = 72/(0.7x70ksi) A =1.47 in2
Cable size (twin strands)
φ = 2(A/π) /2 = (1.47/π) = 0.68”
1/2 1/2 Use 2φ3/4”
Global moment (fixed end)
M = wL2/12 = 0.6 x 1202/12 M = 720 k’
Chord force (10% residual prestress)
T = 1.1 M/d = 1.1x720/10 T = 79 k
Cross section area (70% metallic)
A = T/(0.7 Fa) = 79/(0.7x70ksi) A =1.61 in2
Cable size
φ = 2(A/π)1/2 = 2(1.61/π)1/2 = 1.43” Use φ1½”
Stadium Roof Oldenburg, Germany

Engineer: Schlaich Bergermann
The roof consists of 14 anticlastic fabric panels
suspended from cable trusses
Assume:
PVC fabric, Fa = 600pli/4 Fa = 150 pli
Cable Fa = Fy/3 = 210 ksi/3 Fa = 70 ksi
Cantilever L = 17.8 m /0.3048 L ~ 58’
Panel length 17.8+5.4 = 23.2/0.3048 L’ ~ 76’
Panel width B = 9.25 m/0.3048 B ~ 30’
Gravity load wind uplift
DL = 1 psf -1 psf
LL = 20 psf 20 psf
Σ = 21 psf 19 psf
Uniform gravity load wL

w = 21psfx30’/1000 L/2 w = 0.63 klf
Global moment
M = w L2/2 = 0.63x582/2 w (uniform load) M = 1060 k’
Horizontal reaction
H = M /d = 1060/15 H = 71 k
Vertical reaction
R = w L = 0.63x58’ R = 37 k
Cable tension (10% residual prestress)
T = 1.1(H2+R2)1/2 = 1.1(712+372)1/2 T = 88 k
Cable cross section area (70% metallic)
A = T /(0.7Fa) = 88/(0.7x70) A = 1.8 in2
Cable size
φ = 2(A/π)1/2 = 2(1.8/π)1/2 = 1.5 Use φ 1½”
Design fabric support ring
d=15’
Wind uplift per panel
P = 76’ x 30’ x 19psf = P = 43,320 #
Ring length
L = P/Fa = 43,320/(150pli x 12”) L = 24’
Ring diameter
φ= L/ π = 7.6’
φDouble fabric at 8’
Use ring size φ = 4’
4
Watts Towers Cultural Crescent
Architect: Joe Addo and G G Schierle
Engineer: ASI
A transparent membrane, suspended from radial
cable trusses, is designed to provide sun protection
for occasional performance at the Watts towers
The crescent-shaped roof follows the seating below
Cable trusses minimize bulk for optimal view of the
towers and fast erection at annual events
The truss depth is designed to provide the required
curvature for the anticlastic membrane panels
Assume:
Allowable cable stress Fa = 210ksi/3 Fa =70 ksi
Four fabric panels @ 50’x(17’-37’)
Wind uplift Gravity load
DL = ignore 1 psf
LL = 10 psf 12 psf
Σ = 10 psf 13 psf
Max Reaction @ rear (net tributary area)
Rectangle R = (17x50/2) 13/1000 R = 5.5 k
Triangles R = (6x50x2/3) 13/1000 R = 2.6 k
ΣR R = 8.1 k
T=31 From vectors + 10% residual prestress:

R=8.1 k
k
Truss cable 31x1.1 T = 34 k
H=30k Tension strut 76x1.1 Ts = 84 k
Twin mast 82x1.1 C = 90 k
Truss cable (70%metallic)
Ts =76 k
A=T/(.7 Fa)=34/(.7x70) A=0.69in2

2k
φ=2(A/π)1/2=2(0.69/π)1/2= 0.94 Use φ 1”

C=8
Tension strut (KL= 0 → no buckling)

Use φ 5” standard pipe) Pall= 93>84
Twin mast (KL=15’, C=90/2= 45k)
Use P5 (2φ5” standard pipes) Pall= 58>45
Assume:
Allowable cable stress Fa = 210ksi/3 Fa =70 ksi
Four fabric panels @ 50’x(17’-37’)
Wind uplift Gravity load
DL = ignore 1 psf
LL = 10 psf 12 psf
Σ = 10 psf 13 psf
Max Reaction @ rear (net tributary area)
Rectangle R = (17x50/2) 13/1000 R = 5.5 k
Triangles R = (6x50x2/3) 13/1000 R = 2.6 k
ΣR R = 8.1 k
T=31 From vectors + 10% residual prestress:

R=8.1 k
k
Truss cable 31x1.1 T = 34 k
H=30k Tension strut 76x1.1 Ts = 84 k
Twin mast 82x1.1 C = 90 k
Truss cable (70%metallic)
Ts =76 k
A=T/(.7 Fa)=34/(.7x70) A=0.69in2

2k
φ=2(A/π)1/2=2(0.69/π)1/2= 0.94 Use φ 1”

C=8
Tension strut (KL= 0 → no buckling)

Use φ 5” standard pipe) Pall= 93>84
Twin mast (KL=15’, C=90/2= 45k)
Use P5 (2φ5” standard pipes) Pall= 58>45
5
Cable truss details
1 Strut top
2 Fabric corner
A Top chord strand
B Diagonal strand
C fabric attachment
D Metal plate at fabric corner
E Edge cable
F Edge webbing
Exercise Name:______________
Assume:
B=30’ Cable Fa = Fy/3 = 210ksi/3 Fa = 70 ksi
Cantilever span L = 60’
Panel width B wL B = 30’
Truss depth L/2
d = 15’
Gravity load
DL = 3 psf
w (uniform load)
LL = 27 psf
Σ = 30 psf
Uniform gravity load
w= w= klf
Global moment
M= M= k’
Horizontal reaction
H= H= k
d=15’ Vertical reaction
R= R= k
Cable tension (10% residual prestress)
L = 60’
T= T= k
Cable cross section area A (70% metallic)
A= A= in2
Cable φ
φ = 1.85 Use φ in
Cable trusses are fun


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10 Cable Truss

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Cable truss

Cable trusses evolved from suspension structures to

Auditorium Utica, USA

• Loads P1 and P2 generate a vector polygon

1 Parallel chord cable truss with four bays

Cable truss UC Berkeley

Uniform load per cable

Cable stress (f =T/Am)

Intramural Sports Center, UC Berkeley

Existing Harmon gym

Stadium Roof Oldenburg, Germany

Uniform gravity load wL

T=31 From vectors + 10% residual prestress:

A=T/(.7 Fa)=34/(.7x70) A=0.69in2

φ=2(A/π)1/2=2(0.69/π)1/2= 0.94 Use φ 1”

Tension strut (KL= 0 → no buckling)

T=31 From vectors + 10% residual prestress:

A=T/(.7 Fa)=34/(.7x70) A=0.69in2

φ=2(A/π)1/2=2(0.69/π)1/2= 0.94 Use φ 1”

Tension strut (KL= 0 → no buckling)

Cable trusses are fun

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