Water provision profile in Kebkabiya town
Year Event
2004 influx of IDPs to Kebkabiya
2004 OGB start response to emergency
situation
2005 OGB brought drilling machine and
start drilling boreholes and
construct complete water provision
system
2006 Red Cross established Alsalam bore
hole
2007 OGB complete water system
2008 OGB apply rain water catchment in
3 schools inside Kebkabiya town
2009 Explosion of INGOs include OGB
WES project inherited all OGB
WASH project assets and stocks
(Drilling machine, generators,
water pumps, pipes and fittings
water storage tanks..etc)
2009 Oxfam America stepped in
supporting KSCS to operate water
project
2011 OA and KSCS initiate integrated
WASH and Livelihood approach in
rural areas
Establishment of filteration gallery
in Dome
Involvement of private sector in
water provision process
2012 Upgrade Albaraka HP to mini water
yard with onsite water distribution
system by UNICEF through WES
2012 Initiate cost recovery system inside
Kebkabiya town
2013 Jabal Amir crises
Situation/Change
scarcity of water
Provision of water through tankers,
drilling and erection of T-45 and water
points
Functioning borehole, Hand pumps and
water distribution system
Functioning borehole
Water became close to IDPs settlements
Functioning school drinking water
facilities and improve hand washing
practice
Water assets and supplies are centralized
in WES Elfasher
Apply partnership with KSCS and involved
communities by the formation of local
water committees, health
committees…etc
Expansion of services to rural areas (HDW
& Hafeers for irrigation and livestock)
Increase water production
Six private water stations established
with small house to house distribution
system.
Payment of water user fees
Continuation of water provision
No clear defined roles and responsibilities
on borehole management among actors
(KSCS, WES, UNICEF)
Good idea with poor planning,
implementation and monitoring
Many people died, crop damaged and
livestock looted.
Impact (change in life style)
deterioration of general health
and environment, incidence of
water related diseases and
deaths among IDPs children
People started to have clean
and safe water
Sustainable access to safe
drinking water
Increase water accessibility
Decrease incidence of disease
Sustainable access to safe
drinking water for school
students and started to
promote hygiene practices
Delays in repair requirements
when needed
Community participate in water
system operation
Clean water easily accessible
Increase availability of water
and water became more close
to users
Later in 2013 Albaraka borehole
broken-down (April 2013 to
date)
More IDPs influx to Kebkabiya
and overcrowded around water
points
2013 OA and KSCS start response to new Water and sanitation provided to new Safe life of IDPs
displacement. IDPs (2 HDW)
Red Cross rehabilitate 8 Hand
pumps
2013 Water operation cost recover Community consultation, staff discussion, 50% of people paid their
review site visits household survey…etc share(see report)

Albaraka case study

Albaraka quarter lies in the south east part of Kebkabyiya town hosting 2000 families displace in 2004 to
the town from different villages from south part of Kebkabiya locality almost all of people belong to fuor
tribe. The area was empty before the IDPs came it was used for hoarse razing in the past later it given by
Sharty for the settlement of IDPs.

According to FGD conducted with Albaraka

people in August 2013 most of people are poor wealthy
(92%) , 5% are in medium and 3% are wealthy group
group. Most of people (particularly women) medum
depend on daily work as income generation
activities such as agriculture labors at the farms poor
of host community and gardens, work in brick
making, domestic labors at host community
houses (cleaning and cloths washing) and casual
labors

The first main water source in the area was very good functioning with high water yield hand pump
drilled and installed in 2005 by Oxfam GB to provide safe drinking water for Albaraka people and near
neighbors from other quarters. The Hand pump functioning well for a while along the day and night if it
breakdown the money required for maintenance collected from house hold about 1 to 2 SDG per family.
Later it was noticed there was overcrowd around the hand pump, long queues of water containers
staying along time at the site and the water collectors waiting between 2-3 Hours to collect water and
some cases of argue and minor problem between water collectors appear from time to another
consequently the hand pump committee took a decision to close the hand pump at night and reopen at
7 o’clock at the morning up to 6 o’clock evening the get to go gradually to the Wadi directly to get their
water.

Later in 2012 with in the WASH sector monitoring program, sector lead notified the problem of water
shortage in the area and they initiate a consultation process with the targeted community and together
they agreed to upgrade the Hand pump to Mini water yard. In April 2012 a functioning water yard with
Wilson generator 12 KV, 2” submersible water pump, elevated tanks and on site water distribution
system had been established to increase water accessibility by UNICEF through WES project without
involvement of community and without clear defining of who is responsible for operation and
maintenance of the water. Kebkabiya locality was commit to be responsible of doing that but they
failed later KSCS operate the system from their own resources.

In October 2012 when OA and KSCS start to apply water cost recover approach they include Albaraka
bore hole but unfortunately the submersible pump was breakdown in ….2013 due to ground water
depletion and it is not replaced up to date. Some technical and managerial problem faced the process of
borehole upgrading; it seems the submersible pump is not suiting the bore hole yield it is better to use
small size pump 1.25’’ or even 1.5 rather to use 2”, UNICEF and WES focus only on how to increase the
water production but they have not addressed well on who will be responsible for operation
maintenance, community was not well oriented with all process requirements and their important roles.
The bore hole neither officially handled to KSCS/OA, community nor to local authorities not like the case
of Red Cross (RC) borehole in Alsalam quarter which had been handled over to Kebkabiya locality then
the locality rent it to private operator it is functioning now well.

Later in July 2013 an Open protected Hand Dug Well has been established not far from Albaraka quarter
to address the situation of water scarcity by KSCS supported by Oxfam America as response to new
displacement of Jabal Amir crises.

Wadi by their own animal tankers and donkeys,

100 90% of women and children carry water on
their heads and 4% buying water. They are
50
suffering a lot in getting water and they said,
0 Series1 specially women, in the past we have a hand
Series1
pump look like a donkey we are able to feed it
and benefit from it but right now UNICEF
brought an elephant and they couldn’t able to
feed and keep it survive. The men state it clear
that they prefer to return the borehole back to
Hand pump because it is easy for them to it
Right now the most of people (6%) getting their
functioning all the time .
water from open dug well or directly from the
After a long discussion on how to make the bore hole functioning and to sustain water services, they
recognize that their contribution in operation and maintenance (cost recovery) is very important they
all agreed that have to accept the idea but they encountered many problems facing water use
collection; it is very difficult to ask people paying for water while they have not access to water, most of
people are poor they cannot afford water user fees, the water committee facing security problem when
they visiting household for water fees collection.
 ALbaraka borehole

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
Pop size acutaly paying # of families to be none users
share

In order to overcome these problem an action plan has been agreed upon with community including:

 KSCS and OA should have to re-operate the station first as somas possible.
 Reform the water committee or reinforce the current committee.
 Registration of all water users from Albaraka or other areas whom taking their water from this
station.
 Water committee will conduct a general meeting with all water users from Albaraka and other
beneficiaries from other areas to agreed upon water fees collection mechanism.
 KSCS will closely supervise and support the process.
 Private water supply network case study

In spite of all different water provision system working in Kekabiya including NGOs response system,
private water provision stations and other natural sources such as Wadies and open hand dug wells still
up to this moment we can say all water available or produced not satisfy all the town needs or at least
some people feel not satisfy with the quality water services.

A group of 50 families in Hai Alsoug in the center of the town initiate an idea of operating water station
to satisfy their need of water supply they launch a dialogue with Kebkabiya locality to find out starting
asset finally the two part came up with an agreement of renting of one bore hole at the Wadi drilled in
2003 by Sudanese Environment Conservation (SEC) supported by Japanese embassy later it became
belonged the locality beside elevated tank of capacity of 45 cubic meter.

To implement this project, as starting point they form of management committee comprise of 5
member 4 men and one woman the management sign an agreement defining rights and duties of each
part and determine the renting fees of borehole and the tank which is 4000 SDG for first year (2012) and
5000 SDG for the second year (2013). Kebkabiya locality put a condition of renting these assets that The
bore hole operation should provide water for other people through establishment supply point for
tankers and water venders. The management committee undertake the role of operation of all system
components including:

 Registration of system costumers.

 Buy and fixing generator and water pump.
 Install the already existing water distribution system and the extension up to 50 costumers
households.
 Operation inputs including fuel, lubricants and fast moving spare parts.
 Contract borehole operator and supervise clearly his day to day tasks
 Determine costumer fees and other requirements.
The system start functioning well in the beginning of the year 2012 without any kind of interruption up
to date. Right now the system providing total of 80 cubic meter per day for 50 households serving total
of 3945 individuals in addition of water provided for animal tankers users (100 donkey tankers per day)
and many other water collectors all are estimated to be 80 individuals the total all beneficiaries whom
has different access and utilization;

 50 house hold each consumed water with an average of 1200 liters per day the supply of house day
after another for two hours with cost of 50 SDG per day.
 100 house hold through donkey tanker with average of 180 liter per day for each family with cost of
1 SDG per tanker.
 Other free water for individuals water collectors by small water containers whom taking their water
directly from the storage tanks estimated to be 90 individuals.

Quantity of Water per litters by different users

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
normal costumers donkey tankers individual

The estimated total cost is 51900 SDG per year, the cost of assets rented is 5000 SDG, other assets cost
is 22300 SDG and operation cost is 24600 SDG while the total yearly income is 66600 SDG per
year,30000 SDG for Household fees and 36000 for water tankers.

From interview with a members of management committee he assured hat before operating this system
they were suffering as of all Kebkabiya people in
water supply services they were only have access
to limited quantity of water with high cost
estimated to be 8-16 SDG per day but now the
quantity of water provided for system costumers
enough not only for domestic use only but also
for some livelihood activities such as goat
rearing, poultry and home garden. Other important thing is also the household who have neighbors not
connected share them with water supply with acceptable limit.

Some people describe their interest to join the system the committee agreed and announce the
acceptance of all request but they will study the applicability of connection in terms of distance and
level then certain subscribing fees will determine.

The most important problem facing the system are availability of fuel in local market, inflation rates,
misuse of water of normal costumers and draw down of ground water level.