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Metal Removal
Cutting-Tool Materials
Metal Removal Methods
Machinability of Metals
Chapter 10
Single Point Machining
Turning Tools and Operations
Turning Methods and Machines
Grooving and Threading
Boring Operations
Shaping and Planing
Abrasive Processes
Grinding Wheels and Operations
10.1 Introduction
Grinding Methods and Machines
Boring, also called Internal Turning, is used to increase the inside diameter of a hole.
Lapping and Honing
The original hole is made with a drill, or it may be a cored hole in a casting. Boring
achieves three things:
Sizing: Boring brings
the hole to the proper
size and finish. A drill
or reamer can only be
used if the desired size
is ‘standard’ or if special
tools are ground. The
boring tool can work to
any diameter and it will
give the required finish
by adjusting speed, feed
and nose radius. Preci-
sion holes can be bored FIGURE 10.1: Adjustable boring bar for precision holes.
using micro adjustable (Courtesy: National Acme Co. Div. DeVlieg-Bullard, Inc.)
boring bars (Fig. 10.1)
Straightness: Boring
will straighten the original drilled or cast hole. Drills, especially the longer ones,
George Schneider, Jr. CMfgE may wander off- center and cut at a slight angle because of eccentric forces on
Professor Emeritus the drill, occasional hard spots in the material, or uneven sharpening of the drill
Engineering Technology (see Fig. 8.10). Cored holes in castings are almost never completely straight.
Lawrence Technological University The boring tool being moved straight along the ways with the carriage feed will
Former Chairman correct these errors.
Detroit Chapter ONE Concentricity: Boring will make the hole concentric with the outside diameter
Society of Manufacturing Engineers within the limits of the accuracy of the chuck or holding device. For best
Former President concentricity, the turning of the outside diameter and the boring of the inside
International Excutive Board diameter is done in one set-up, that is, without moving the work between
Society of Carbide & Tool Engineers operations. The basics discussed in Chapters 4 and 5, the Turning Chapters, also
Lawrence Tech. Univ.: http:// apply to boring. However, with boring there are a number of limitations that must
www.ltu.edu be taken into account in order to reach a high stock removal rate combined with
Prentice Hall: http://www.prenhall.com satisfactory accuracy, surface finish and tool life. Therefore, in this chapter the
limitations that distinguish internal turning from external turning will be discussed
in greater detail. A typical boring operation is shown in Figure 10.2.
Column
Ways
Headstock
Spindle
Cross-sliding
Y
column
Z Column base
W Ways
Table Runway
Turret head
Swivel ram head Turret head
Crossrail
Crossrail
Column Sidehead
Column
Column Table
Base Base