Ipv4 Addresses - Part 1

Chapter 6
IPv4 Addresses – Part 1

Number Systems
Base 10 (Decimal) Number System
Digits (10): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Number of:
104 103 102 101 100
10,000’s 1,000’s 100’s 10’s 1’s
1,309 1 3 0 9
99 9 9
100 1 0 0
3
Number System Rules
1. All digits start with 0
2. A Base-n number system has n number of digits:
Decimal: Base-10 has 10 digits
Binary: Base-2 has 2 digits
Hexadecimal: Base-16 has 16 digits
3. The first column is always the number of 1’s
 Each of the following columns is n times the previous

column (n = Base-n)
Base 10: 10,000 1,000 100 10 1
Base 2: 16 8 4 2 1
Base 16: 65,536 4,096 256 16 1
4
Digits (2): 0, 1
Number of:
27 ___ ___ ___ 23 22 21 20
128’s 8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
Dec.
2 1 0
10 1 0 1 0
17
70
130
255
5
Digits (2): 0, 1
Number of:
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128’s 64’s 32’s 16’s 8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
Dec.
2 1 0
10 1 0 1 0
17 1 0 0 0 1
70 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
130 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
255 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6
Digits (2): 0, 1
Number of:
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128’s 64’s 32’s 16’s 8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
Dec.
1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172
192
7
Digits (2): 0, 1
Number of:
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128’s 64’s 32’s 16’s 8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
Dec.
70 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
40 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
192 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
8
Binary
to/from
Decimal
 Chapter 6 (Book and Curriculum) provides several methods and examples

for doing the conversion between binary and decimal.
9
IPv4 Addresses
IPv4 Addresses
 IPv4 addresses are 32 bit addresses
11
IPv4 Addresses
 IPv4 Addresses are 32 bit addresses:
1010100111000111010001011000100
10101001 11000111 01000101 10001001
 We use dotted notation (or dotted decimal notation) to

represent the value of each byte (octet) of the IP address in
decimal.
10101001 11000111 01000101 10001001

169 . 199 . 69 . 137
12
IPv4 Addresses
An IP address has two parts:
network number
host number
Which bits refer to the network number?
Which bits refer to the host number?
13
IPv4 Addresses
Answer:
 Newer technology - Classless IP Addressing
The subnet mask determines the network portion and the host
portion.
Value of first octet does NOT matter (older classful IP addressing)
Hosts and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
Classless IP Addressing is what is used within the Internet and in
most internal networks.
 Older technology - Classful IP Addressing (later)

Value of first octet determines the network portion and the host
portion.
Used with classful routing protocols like RIPv1.
The Cisco IP Routing Table is structured in a classful manner (CIS
82)
14
Types of
Addresses
Network
Addresses have
all 0’s in the host
portion.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
 Network address - The address by which we refer to the network

 Broadcast address - A special address used to send data to all
hosts in the network
 Host addresses - The addresses assigned to the end devices in the
network 15
Types of
Addresses
Broadcast
Addresses have
all 1’s in the host
portion.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

network 16
Types of
Addresses
Host Addresses
can not have all
0’s or all 1’s in the
host portion.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

network 17
Dividing the Network and Host Portions
11111111111111110000000000000000
 Subnet Mask
Used to define the:
Network portion
Host portion
32 bits
Contiguous set of 1’s followed by a contiguous set of 0’s
1’s: Network portion
0’s: Host portion
18
Dividing the Network and Host Portions
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Dotted decimal: 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

Slash notation: /16
 Expressed as:
Dotted decimal
Ex: 255.255.0.0
Slash notation or prefix length
/16 (the number of one bits)
19
Network
Addresses
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

All binary 0’s in the host portion of the address (more later)
20
Example 1
Network Address: 192.168.1.0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
192.168.1.0
Network Host
Network Address in binary:

network host
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
Subnet Mask in binary:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Prefix Length: /24
21
Example 2
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
172.0.0.0
Network Host

network host
10101100.00000000.00000000.00000000
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Prefix Length : /8
22
Example 3
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
172.0.0.0
Network Host

network host
10101100.00000000.00000000.00000000
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Prefix Length: /16
23
Subnet Masks – Your Turn!
Underline the network portion of each address:
Network Address Subnet Mask
172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
10.1.1.0 /24
10.2.0.0 /16
10.0.0.0 /16
 What is the other portion of the address?
24
Underline the network portion of each address:
172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
10.1.1.0 /24
10.2.0.0 /16
10.0.0.0 /16
 What is the other portion of the address?

Host portion for host addresses
25
Why the mask matters: Number of hosts!
Subnet Mask: 1st octet 2nd octet 3rd octet 4th octet
255.0.0.0 or /8 Network Host Host Host
255.255.0.0 or /16 Network Network Host Host
255.255.255.0 or /24 Network Network Network Host
 The more host bits in the subnet mask means the more hosts in the
network.
 Subnet masks do not have to end on “natural octet boundaries”
26
Subnet: 255.0.0.0 (/8)
Network Host Host Host
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

With 24 bits available for hosts,
there a 224 possible addresses.
That’s 16,777,216 nodes!
 Only large organizations such as the military, government agencies,

universities, and large corporations have networks with these many
addresses.
 Example: A certain cable modem ISP has 24.0.0.0 and a DSL ISP
has 63.0.0.0
27
Subnet: 255.255.0.0 (/16)
Network Network Host Host
8 bits 8 bits
That’s 65,536 nodes!
 65,534 host addresses, one for network address and one for
broadcast address.
28
Subnet: 255.255.255.0 (/24)
Network Network Network Host
8 bits
That’s 256 nodes!
 254 host addresses, one for network address and one for
broadcast address.
29
IP Addresses
There is a tradeoff between:

 The number of network bits and the number of networks (subnets) you
can have…
AND
 The number of HOST bits and the number of hosts for each network
you can have.
This will be examined more closely, later.
30
Broadcast
Addresses

All binary 1’s in the host portion of the address (more later)
31
What is the broadcast address of each network:
Network Address Subnet Mask Broadcast Address
172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
10.1.1.0 /24
10.2.0.0 /16
10.0.0.0 /16
32
What is the broadcast address of each network:
172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.255.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255
10.1.1.0 /24 10.1.1.255
10.2.0.0 /16 10.2.255.255
10.0.0.0 /16 10.0.255.255
33
Bringing it
all together
 Subnet Mask divides Network portion and Host portion:

1’s: Network portion
0’s: Host portion
 Network address:
All 0’s in the host portion of the address
 Broadcast address:
All 1’s in the host portion of the address
34
Bringing it all together
 Convert these addresses and masks to Binary (to be used

later)
Network: 172.0.0.0 10101100.00000000.00000000.00000000

Mask: 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
172.255.255.255 10101100.11111111.11111111.11111111
Broadcast Address
Network: 172.16.0.0 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

Mask: 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
172.16.255.255 10101100.00010000.11111111.11111111
Broadcast Address
35
 Convert these addresses and masks to Binary (to be used
later)
Network: 192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000

Mask: 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Bcst: 192.168.1.255 11000000.10101000.00000001.11111111
Network: 192.168.0.0 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

Mask: 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Bcst: 192.168.255.255 11000000.10101000.11111111.11111111
Network: 192.168.0.0 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

Mask: 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Bcst: 192.168.0.255 11000000.10101000.00000000.11111111
36
 Convert these addresses and masks to Binary (to be
used later)
Network: 10.1.1.0 00001010.00000001.00000001.00000000

Mask: /24 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Bcast: 10.1.1.255 00001010.00000001.00000001.11111111
Network: 10.2.0.0 00001010.00000010.00000000.00000000

Mask: /16 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Bst:10.2.255.255 00001010.00000010.11111111.11111111
Network 10.0.0.0 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000

Mask: /16 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Bcast10.0.255.255 00001010.00000000.11111111.11111111
37
Host IP Addresses
192.168.10.100/24
 Host IP Addresses contain:

Network portion of the address
Unique combination of 0’s and 1’s in the host portion of the
address
Cannot be all 0’s (network address)
Cannot be all 1’s (broadcast address)
 Hosts have subnet masks to determine network portion (later)
38
Range of hosts – Your Turn!
 Host addresses are all addresses between the network
address and the broadcast address.
 What is the range of host addresses for each network?
172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.255.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255
10.1.1.0 /24 10.1.1.255
10.2.0.0 /16 10.2.255.255
10.0.0.0 /16 10.0.255.255
39
172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.255.255.255
172.0.0.1 through 172.255.255.254
172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255

172.16.0.1 through 172.16.255.254
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.255.255

192.168.0.1 through 192.168.255.254
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255

192.168.0.1 through 192.168.0.254
40
10.1.1.0 /24 10.1.1.255

10.1.1.1 through 10.1.1.254
10.2.0.0 /16 10.2.255.255

10.2.0.1 through 10.2.255.254
10.0.0.0 /16 10.0.255.255

10.0.0.1 through 10.0.255.254
41
 Host Addresses in binary
172.0.0.0 (net) 10101100.00000000.00000000.00000000

255.0.0.0 (SM) 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
172.0.0.1 10101100.00000000.00000000.00000001
172.255.255.254 10101100.11111111.11111111.11111110
172.255.255.255 10101100.11111111.11111111.11111111
(broadcast)
172.16.0.0 (net) 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

255.255.0.0 (SM) 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
172.16.0.1 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000001
172.16.255.254 10101100.00010000.11111111.11111110
172.16.255.255 10101100.00010000.11111111.11111111
(broadcast) 42
192.168.1.0 (net) 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000

255.255.255.0(SM) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
192.168.1.254 11000000.10101000.00000001.11111110
192.168.1.255 11000000.10101000.00000001.11111111
(broadcast)
192.168.0.0 (net) 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

255.255.0.0 (SM) 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
192.168.0.1 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001
192.168.255.254 11000000.10101000.11111111.11111110
192.168.255.255 11000000.10101000.11111111.11111111
(broadcast) 43
192.168.0.0 (net) 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

255.255.255.0(SM) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
192.168.0.1 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001
192.168.0.254 11000000.10101000.00000000.11111110
192.168.0.255 11000000.10101000.00000000.11111111
(broadcast)
44
Range of hosts – The rest…
Host Addresses in binary
10.1.1.0 (net) 00001010.00000001.00000001.00000000

/24 (SM) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
10.1.1.1 00001010.00000001.00000001.00000001
10.1.1.254 00001010.00000001.00000001.11111110
10.1.1.255 00001010.00000001.00000001.11111111
(broadcast)
10.2.0.0 (net) 00001010.00000010.00000000.00000000

/16 (SM) 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
10.2.0.1 00001010.00000010.00000000.00000001
10.2.255.254 00001010.00000010.11111111.11111110
10.2.255.255 00001010.00000010.11111111.11111111
(broadcast) 45
Range of hosts – The rest…
• Host Addresses in binary
10.0.0.0 (net) 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000

/16 (SM) 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
10.0.0.1 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000001
10.0.255.254 00001010.00000000.11111111.11111110
10.0.255.255 00001010.00000000.11111111.11111111
(broadcast)
46
Subnet Masks: Non-Natural Boundaries
 Subnet masks do not have to end on natural octet
boundaries
 Convert these to binary:

172.1.16.0 255.255.240.0
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.224
47
boundaries
172.1.16.0 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000000
255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
 What is the range of host addresses in dotted-decimal

and binary?
 What is the broadcast address?
 How many host addresses?
48
boundaries
172.1.16.0 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000000
255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
172.1.16.1 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000001
172.1.16.2 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000010
172.1.16.3 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000011
…
172.1.16.255 10101100.00000001.00010000.11111111
172.1.17.0 10101100.00000001.00010001.00000000
172.1.17.1 10101100.00000001.00010001.00000001
…
172.1.31.254 10101100.00000001.00011111.11111110
49
boundaries
172.1.16.0 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000000
255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
172.1.16.1 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000001
…
172.1.31.254 10101100.00000001.00011111.11111110
172.1.31.255 10101100.00000001.00011111.11111111
(broadcast)
Number of hosts: 212 – 2 = 4,096 – 2 = 4,094 hosts
50
boundaries
192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
255.255.255.224 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
192.168.1.2 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000010
192.168.1.3 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000011
…
192.168.1.29 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011101
192.168.1.30 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011110
192.168.1.31 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011111
(broadcast)
51
boundaries
192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
255.255.255.224 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
…
192.168.1.30 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011110
192.168.1.31 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011111
(broadcast)
Number of hosts: 25 – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30 hosts

52
Chapter 6
IPv4 Addresses – Part 1
IP 주소 Class 네트워크부분 호스트부분
10.3.4.3
132.12.11.4
203.10.1.1
192.12.100.2
130.11.4.1
261.12.4.1
IP 주소 Class 네트워크부분 호스트부분
10.3.4.3 A 10.0.0.0 3.4.3
132.12.11.4 B 132.12.0.0 11.4
203.10.1.1 C 203.10.1.0 1
192.12.100.2 C 192.12.100.0 2
130.11.4.1 B 130.11.0.0 4.1
261.12.4.1 이런 주소 없음
 Subnet masks ?
 255.255.255.10 ?
 255.255.255.15 ?
 255.255.255.252 ?
 Subnet masks ?(연속적인 1)
 255.255.255.10  1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 1010
 255.255.255.15  1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 1111
 255.255.255.252  1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100
IP 주소 Subnet mask Class Subnet
201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248
15.18.192.6 255.255.0.0
130.15.121.13 255.255.255.0
153.70.100.2 255.255.255.192
IP 주소 Subnet mask Class Subnet
201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248 C 201.222.10.56
15.18.192.6 255.255.0.0 A 15.18.0.0
130.15.121.13 255.255.255.0 B 130.15.121.0
153.70.100.2 255.255.255.192 B 153.70.100.0
201.222.10.60 = 1100 1001. 1101 1110. 0000 1010. 0011 1100

255.255.255.248 = 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1000
Subnet =1100 1001.1101. 1110. 0000 1010. 0011 1000
(Decimal) = 201.222.10.56
Calculating the number subnets/hosts needed
172.16.1.0
255.255.255.0
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
As many subnets as possible, 60 hosts per subnet
61
Number of hosts per subnet
172.16.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 host bits
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
62
Number of subnets
172.16.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 255.255.255.192
6 host bits
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
 New Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 (/26)
Number of Hosts per subnet: 6 bits, 64-2 hosts, 62 hosts
Number of Subnets: 2 bits or 4 subnets 63
172.16.1.0
255.255.255.0
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
64
172.16.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 host bits
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
65
Number of subnets
172.16.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255. 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 255.255.255.240
4 host bits
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
 New Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240 (/28)
172.16.1.0
255.255.255.0
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
Need 6 subnets, as many hosts per subnet as possible
67
Number of subnets
172.16.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 subnet bits
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
68
Number of subnets
172.16.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 255.255.255.224
3 subnet bits
Network Host
 Network 172.16.1.0/24
 Need:
 New Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 (/27)
Fill in the information…
1. 192.168.1.3 Class _____ Default Mask:______________
Network: _________________ Broadcast: ________________
Hosts: _________________ through ___________________
2. 1.12.100.31 Class ______ Default Mask:______________

Hosts: _________________ through _____________________
3. 172.30.77.5 Class ______ Default Mask:______________

Hosts: _________________ through _____________________
70
Subnet Mask
Host: “I’m a host on the 192.168.1.0/24 network.”
 The subnet mask is used to separate the network portion from the
host portion of the address.
 On a host, the subnet mask tells the host what network it belongs to.
 Why does a host need to know what network it belongs to?
71
Subnet Mask
Host: “I’m a host on the 192.168.1.0/24 network.”
 Why does a host need to know what network it belongs to?

 So, it knows whether to encapsulate the IP packet into an Ethernet
frame with:
The Destination MAC Address of the default gateway
Must know the default gateway’s IP address
The Destination MAC Address of the host with the Destination IP
address of the packet
 Later when we discuss Ethernet 72
Subnet Mask
Network Host
Host IP: 172.16.33.10 10101100.00010000.00100001.00001010

Mask: 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
-----------------------------------
Net Add: 172.16.0.0 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000
 Devices such as hosts use the bit-wise AND operation on the:

Host IP address
Subnet mask
 AND operation:
1 AND 1 = 1
0 AND anything = 0
73
Subnet Mask
Network Host
Host IP: 172.16.33.10 10101100.00010000.00100001.00001010

Mask: 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
-----------------------------------
Net Add: 172.16.33.0 10101100.00010000.00100001.00000000
 AND operation:
1 AND 1 = 1
0 AND anything = 0
74
Subnet Mask
Network Host
Host IP: 172.1.17.9 10101100.00000001.00010001.00001001

Mask: 255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
-----------------------------------
Net Add: 172.1.16.0 10101100.00000001.00010000.00000000
 AND operation:
1 AND 1 = 1
0 AND anything = 0
75

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Chapter 6

IPv4 Addresses – Part 1

 Each of the following columns is n times the previous

 Chapter 6 (Book and Curriculum) provides several methods and examples

 IPv4 addresses are 32 bit addresses

10101001 11000111 01000101 10001001

 We use dotted notation (or dotted decimal notation) to

10101001 11000111 01000101 10001001

Which bits refer to the network number?

Which bits refer to the host number?

 Older technology - Classful IP Addressing (later)

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

 Network address - The address by which we refer to the network

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

 Network address - The address by which we refer to the network

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

 Network address - The address by which we refer to the network

Dotted decimal: 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

 Network address - The address by which we refer to the network

Network Address in binary:

Network Address in binary:

Network Address in binary:

 What is the other portion of the address?

 What is the other portion of the address?

Network Host Host Host

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

 Only large organizations such as the military, government agencies,

Network Network Host Host

Network Network Network Host

There is a tradeoff between:

This will be examined more closely, later.

 Broadcast address - A special address used to send data to all

 Subnet Mask divides Network portion and Host portion:

 Convert these addresses and masks to Binary (to be used

Network: 172.0.0.0 10101100.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network: 172.16.0.0 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

Network: 192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000

Network: 192.168.0.0 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

Network: 192.168.0.0 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

Network: 10.1.1.0 00001010.00000001.00000001.00000000

Network: 10.2.0.0 00001010.00000010.00000000.00000000

Network 10.0.0.0 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000

 Host IP Addresses contain:

172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255

192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.255

192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.255.255

192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255

10.1.1.0 /24 10.1.1.255

10.2.0.0 /16 10.2.255.255

10.0.0.0 /16 10.0.255.255

172.0.0.0 (net) 10101100.00000000.00000000.00000000

172.16.0.0 (net) 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

192.168.1.0 (net) 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000

192.168.0.0 (net) 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

192.168.0.0 (net) 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000

10.1.1.0 (net) 00001010.00000001.00000001.00000000

10.2.0.0 (net) 00001010.00000010.00000000.00000000

10.0.0.0 (net) 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network Address Subnet Mask

 What is the range of host addresses in dotted-decimal

Number of hosts: 212 – 2 = 4,096 – 2 = 4,094 hosts

2. 1.12.100.31 Class Default Mask:________

3. 172.30.77.5 Class Default Mask:________