EXPERIMENT # 02

TITLE
To measure the pipe friction factor of different diameters and develop a relationship between pipe friction
factor and Reynolds number
INTRODUCTION
In fluid flow, friction loss (or skin friction) is the loss of pressure or “head” that occurs in pipe or duct flow due to the
the surface of the pipe or duct., for calculating the friction loss in a pipe, uses a dimensionless value known as the
friction factor (also known as the factor or the Moody friction factor) and it is four times larger than the Fanning friction
factor. Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection.
Turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. Critical
velocity is that velocity of liquid flow up to which its flow is streamlined and above which its flow becomes turbulent.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this experiment is to determine the pipe friction factor & develop its relationship with Reynolds
number.

PROCEDURE
i. Prime the pipe network with water.
ii. Open and close water through the required test pipe.
iii. Take readings at a number of different flow rates.
iv. Altering the flow using on the apparatus.
v. Measure flow rates using the volumetric tank.
vi. For small flow rates use the measuring cylinder.
vii. Measure head loss between the pressurized water manometer as appropriate.
viii. Obtain readings on all fore smooth test pipes if you have time.

RECORTED DATA

Sr. Volume Time Pipe Dia Length H1 H2

(m3) (sec) (m) (m) (mm) (mm)
1 0.002 13.49 0.015 1 570 535
2 0.002 11.98 0.015 1 625 580
3 0.002 10.05 0.015 1 735 685

DATA ANALYSIS

Sr. Volume Time Discharge Pipe Velocity Length hL Reynolds Friction

(m3) (sec) (m3/sec) Dia (m/sec) (m) (m) Number Factor
(m)
1 0.002 13.49 0.000148 0.015 0.84 1 0.035 15730 0.00364
2 0.002 11.98 0.000166 0.015 0.94 1 0.045 17763 0.00374
3 0.002 10.05 0.000176 0.015 1.079 1 0.05 20206 0.00315
DISSCUSSION
 Volume is denoted.
 Time is measure.
 Discharge is calculated.
 Pipe dia is measured.
 Velocity is calculated.
 Length is measured.
 Hydraulic loss is calculated.
 Reynolds Number is calculated.

CONCLUSION
 Friction Factor=0.00364.
 Friction Factor=0.00374.
 Friction Factor=0.00315.

REFRENCESES
 Google
 UCEST Fluid Mechanics Lab