Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DESCRIPTION THEORITY
making the right sounds, choosing the right words and getting constructions
focus on the need for practice in language accuracy. At the same time, we
also need to get a clear message across and this involves choosing
conversation.
Hyams said, “When you know a language, you can speak and be
understood by others who know that language. This means we have capacity
1
Hyams,Rodman,Fromkin, An Introduction to Language (Wadsworth, Thomson, 2003), p. 4
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which both reception and production play a part. In this sense the skill of
(in which it serve to establish and maintain social relation), and transactional
information, idea, and felling by sound produce that signify and then we can
least two people: the sender and the receiver. There four are types of
signs or behavior.4
The activity the person does primary based on particular goal. So,
way, because speaking is not only producing sounds but also a process of
2
Kathlen M. Bailey. Nunan, PracticalEnglish Language Teaching : Speaking, (New York, The
Mc Graw Hill Companies, 2005), p. 2
3
Jack C. Richard, Developing Classroom Speaking Activities; From Theory to Practice. pp. 2
Http://Sribd.com
4
Klaus Hilgers (2007). Speaking and Listening. Epoch Consultants, Inc. Email:
epochconsultants@verizon.net
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appropriately.
It takes place very where and has become part of our daily activities. When
someone speaks, he or she interacts and uses the language to express his or
her ideas, feeling, and thought. He or she also shares information to other
trough communication.
teaching it. Students often encounter many problems. Confidence and being
afraid of making mistakes are two of the greatest psychological barriers that
hold the learners back from advancing in their study. Students tend to have
fears before larger groups. This happens especially in a culture that people
learners. Therefore, the language teachers should call for cultural learning to
claim that the lack of vocabularies obstructs them from producing a good
speaking skill. These are the most problem found in most language learners
teacher does to the learners. The teacher should be able to identify each
easy. Teachers should be able to convince the students that speaking fears
those who are new to language learning. When they are advanced enough,
the focus of the teaching should be about how to develop what they have
acquired.
interaction for most people. Some people like to hear or make a joke,
Narrative or story joke involves the telling of a story. Story joke is rather
different humorous story. The difference is that story joke has simpler plots
than humorous story. Another difference is that the chronology of story joke
is not as detailed as that humorous story. Before told, the story joke is
preceding by the opening question like “Did you hear about…? “Have you
ever heard about this one? “, “Do you know the one about…? Etc.6
more pleasant and interesting. Tosta states, that the use of humor
enjoyable, and pleases the students.7 There many reasons for using a
among students. Not all students will laugh at the same jokes because
those item that are known universally since each society has
8
Dobson, M. Julia. Effective Techniques for Conversation Groups (Washington: United States
Information Agency, 1987), p. 90
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sexual, and political goners. For example a sexual joke may be funny
for some students but disgusting and rude for the other students.
and cultural artefacts, and the use of humour is highly valued in interactions
between people. Despite this apparent importance, there is, as Raskin has
Technique
Every student who studies English will study about all components,
which in that subject. Those components are reading, listening, writing and
speaking. All components have great correlation and support each other;
9
Ritchie Graeme, The Linguistic Analysis of Jokes, (New York, Routledge 2004),p. 12
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first speaking has some points to show speaking and productions are relate
in the mind of individual for the learners. The learners also need
Hymes10.
and increase their opportunities to speak is to use pair work and group
work. Pair work and group work are configuration of people for doing
activities, rather than activity types per se. Pair work, as the name suggest,
Changing the context of that tedious role-play in the textbook to a fun one
that allows the same structure to be practiced will make quite a difference
in the end. Teacher may also have students change the tone of their voices
and skits. Teacher can always throw in one or two intelligent jokes every
now and then, and, above all, play games. By using humor, do not mean
10
Hymes, Communication Competence, (Cambridge Press, 1976), p. 16
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entertaining students with silly jokes all the time. Although jokes, if used
wisely, may contribute to the repertoire of his teaching kit, the funny
spontaneous reaction. This where jokes and funny stories can come handy
and students can understand easily because they have they have familiar
Class
speaking class.
1.1 The story jokes offer variety and provide interesting topics for
1.2 Story jokes, which are funny can cheer up and make students
smile or even laugh. When they laugh they fell relaxed and
11
Tosta Antonio Luciano.. Laugh and Learn: Thingking Over the Funy Teacher”Myth”,
English Teaching Forum 1992
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their anxiety becomes low. As a result, the will enjoy the class
They can share the stories and discuss the jokes with one
unexpectedly will talk outside the frame that has been the
frame that has been set. For example they speak in their
2.3 Since not every students would take or perceive jokes they
to conclude that if the students are not laughing, then they fail
may not always the case. The students may understand the
Action research is about both ‘action’ and ‘research’ and the links
research without taking action, but the unique combination of the two is
12
http://www.asian-efl-journal.com. Download 12 January 2010
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1. It is not the usual thinking teachers do when they think about their
what they do, including how they work with and for others.
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There is not just one view of “the scientific method”; there are
many.13
Within all the definitions of action research, there are four basic
13
The Open University, Action Research A Guide for Associate Lectures (COBE, Walton Hall
Milton Keynes MK7 6AA), p. 8
14
Ibid, p. 8
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recognized as the idea into action and used as guidelines for the
situation.
more. Good teachers are, after all, themselves students, and often look