TBISeries 20

\ Major Timber Trees of Guyana. Wood Anatomy.
I
ISBN 90-5113-055-4
ISSN 1383-6811
© 2001 Tropenbos International
No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be
reproduced, re-recorded or published in any fonn including print photocopy, microfonn, electronic or
electromagnetic record without written permission.
Cover photo (inset) : Microscopic features of Suya (Pouteria speciosa)

Printed by Ponsen en Looijen bv, Wageningen, the Netherlands
MAJOR TIMBER TREES OF GUYANA WOOD ANATOMY.
Regis B .Miller and Pierre Detienne

.
Tropenbos International
Wageningen,the Netherlands
2001
The Tropenbos Series presents the results of studies and research activities related to
the conservation and wise utilization of forest lands in the humid tropics. The series
continues and integrates the former Tropenbos Scientific and Technical Series. The
studies published in this series have been carried out within the international
Tropenbos programme. Occasionally, this series may present the results of other
studies which contribute to the objectives of the Tropenbos programme.
ISSN: 1383-6811
lROPENBOS INlERNATIONAJ.
\W
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
I. INTRODUCTION .................................. . ............................................................. I
2. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES ............................................ . ......................... 3
3. INDEX OF VERNACULAR AND TRADE NAMES ........... . ............................. 7
4. ANA TOMI CAL DESCRIPTIONS ........................................... . ......................... 39
5. DICHOTOMOUS KEY .... .. .. ...................................................................... ... . 209

..
6. LITERATURE .................................................................................................. 217

FOREWORD
This book on the wood anatomical characteristics of approximately l 00 Guyanese

timbers completes a series of books on a major commodity of Guyana: tropical
timber.
Wood anatomical data on Guyanese timbers are scarce and scattered. Publications
of family treatments in the ongoing Flora of the Guianas project do include such
data. Some publications focusing on Suriname and French Guiana do contain wood
anatomical data of species also found in Guyana.
The series covers information on the tree morphology (flowers, fruits, and leaves),
bark, timber characteristics and technology, and the anatomy as seen with a lens or
revealed by the light microscope. Consequently, each species covered in these books
can be recognized/identified in the forest as standing tree, in the sawmill as a log,
and as timber for export or the local market. Finally, the user not familiar with the
wide range of species in Guyana's forests will be able to find specific information
on the performance of the lumber when utilized.
These books only cover the major timber species in the northern part of the country.
With the extension of the forest lands up to the southern border with Brazil, a similar
exercise will be needed for the different species mix in that area. Unfortunately,
Guyana has not yet a Forest Products Research Institute. However, some wood
technology research is being carried out at present at the Guyana Forestry
Commission by Guyanese researchers.
The information collected and published so far in four separate books can be used in
an additional way to further promote Guyanese timber species. Leaflets covering all
data of one species can now be produced easily.
An international group of institutions was involved in this work, which has now
been completed. The CIRAD/Montpellier, the ETH-Zurich, the USDA Forest
Service, Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, and the Utrecht University have
made a useful contribution to the forestry sector of Guyana.
This series was an initiative of the Tropenbos-Guyana programme, providing easily

accessible data in addition to the basic and applied research for the development of
sustainable forestry. Unfortunately, by the end of this year,changes in development
aid policy in The Netherlands will result in a termination of the Tropenbos-Guyana
programme, which has been very successful.
Ben J.H. ter Welle, Georgetown, 2001

Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this book is to provide complete anatomical descriptions and a

dichotomous key of approximately I 00 Guyanese timbers to enable users to
accurately identify the various species. All characters and their interpretations follow
the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification (IAWA
Committee, IAWA Bulletin n.s. I0(3):219-332, 1989) which includes both macro
and microscopic characters. Earlier the book, Major Timber Trees of Guyana: A lens
key by Brunner, Kucera, and Zurcher (Tropenbos Series 10, 1994), covered only
characters that are readily seen with the naked eye or hand lens.
All characters in the IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) list

were examined, however, if a character is not mentioned in the description, it is
negative or does not apply. For the most part basic specific gravity values were
taken from the book Major Timber Trees of Guyana: Timber Characteristics and
Utilization by Gerald, Miller, and ter Welle (Tropenbos Series 15, 1996). In a few
cases they were taken from other literature sources or based on samples from the
wood collections at CIRAD-Foret.
The species or species groups are arranged alphabetically by the scientific name.
Indices of scientific, vernacular, and trade names allow users to quickly locate any
particular species.
Coupled with each description on the opposing page is a plate of four

photomicrographs. The transverse, radial, and tangential sections and a fourth
photomicrograph depicting an important feature for the species. Scale bars are
shown on the first plate (Abarema jupunba) for the transverse, radial and tangential
sections. All other plates have the same scale bars for the transverse, radial and
tangential sections. The fourth photomicrograph (lower right hand position) always
has a scale bar.
At the end is a dichotomous key that mostly uses characters that require a light
microscope. When individual species cannot be accurately separated using features
based on the naked eye, hand lens and microscope, they are grouped together (e.g.
species of Eschwei/era).
Major Timber Trees ofGuyana. W ood Anatomy.
2
Index ofScientific Names
2. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Scientific name and authors Guyanese name
I Abaremajupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip Huruasa

2 Acosmium praeclarum (Sandw.) Yakovlev Blackheart
3 Alexa imperatricis (Schomb.) Baillon Haiariballi
3a Alexa leiopetala Sandw. Haiariballi
4 Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitg. ex Pulle Koraro
4a Andira inermis (Wright) DC. Koraro
5 Anibq hypoglauca Sandw. Yellow silverballi
6 Antonia ovata Pohl Inyak
7 Aspidosperma cruentum Woodson Shibadan
7a Aspidosperma album (Yahl) Benoist Shibadan
8 Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC. Currywood
9 Astronium ulei Mattick Bauwaua
10 Bagassa guianensis Aublet Cow-wood
75a Buchenaviafanshawei ExeII & Maguire Fukadi
11 Calophyllum lucidum Benth. Kurahara
12 Carapa guianensis Aublet Crabwood
12a Carapa procera A. DC. Crabwood
13 Catostemma commune Sandw. Common baromalli
14 Catostemmafragrans Benth. Sand baromalli
14a Catostemma altsonii Sandw. Baromalli
15 Cedrela odorata L. Red cedar
16 Chlorocardium rodiei (Schomb.) Rohwer,
Richter & van der Werff Greenheart
17 Chrysophyllum pomiferum (Eyma) Penn. Limonaballi/Paripiballi
18 Clathrotropis macrocarpa Ducke Aromata
18a Clathrotropis brachypetala (Tu!.) Kleinh. Aromata
19 Couratari guianensis Aublet Wadara
19a Couratari gloriosa Sandw. Wadara
19b Couratari multiflora (J.E. Smith) Eyma Smooth-leaf wadara
20 Dimorphandra conjugata (Splitg.) Sandw. Dakama
20a Dimorphandra polyandra Benoist Huruhurudan
21 Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff Tatabu
22 Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd. Tonka bean
23 Eperuafalcata Aublet Soft wallaba
24 Eperua grandiflora (Aublet) Benth. Ituri wallaba
24a Eperuajenmanii Oliver Ituri wallaba
24b Eperua schomburgkiana Benth. lturi wallaba
25 Eperua rubiginosa Miq. Watapa
26 Eschweilera alata A.C. Smith Guave-skin kakaralli
l
Mq j or Timber Trees ofGuyana. WoodAnat omy.
27 Eschweilera deco/orans Sandw. Smooth-leafkakaralli

27a Eschweilera coriacea (A. DC.) S. Mori Smooth-leafkakaralli
27b Eschweilera parviflora (Aublet) Miers Fine smooth-leafkakaralli
27c Eschweilera wachenheimii (Benoist) Sandw. Fine-leafkakaralli
28 Eschweilera sagotiana Miers Common black kakaralli
28a Eschweilera pedicellata (L.C. Rich.) S. Mori Kakaralli
28b Eschweilera subglandulosa (Steud. ex
0. Berg) Miers Black kakaralli
29 Goupia glabra Aublet Kabukalli
30 Humiria balsamifera (Aublet) A. St. Hil.
var. balsamifera Tauroniro
31 Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemao Suradan
32 Hymenaea courbaril L. Locust
32a Hymenaea ob/ongifolia Huber Locust/Simira
33 Hymenolobiumjlavum Kleinh. Koraroballi
34 Inga alba (Sw.) Willd. Maporokon
35 Jryanthera lancifolia Ducke Kirikaua
35a Jryanthera macrophylla (Benth.) Warb. Kirikaua
36 Jacaranda copaia (Aublet) D. Don Futui
37 Laetia procera (Poeppig) Eichler Warakairo
38 Lecythis confertiflora (A.C. Smith) S. Mori Wirimiri
39 Lecythis corrugata Poit. Wina
40 Lecythis zabucajo Aublet Monkey pot
41 Licania alba (Bernoulli) Cuatr. Kauta
4la Licania laxiflora Fritsch Kautaballi
4lb Licania majuscula Sagot Kautaballi
42 Licaria cannella (Meisner) Kosterm. Brown silverballi
43 Loxopterygium sagotii Hook.f. Hububalli
44 Manilkara bidentata (A. DC.) Chev. Bulletwood
45 Mora excelsa Benth. Mora
46 Mora gonggrijpii (Kleinh.) Sandw. Morabukea
47 Moronobea coccinea Aublet Manniballi
48 Ocotea canaliculata (Rich.) Mez White silverballi
48a Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez Kurahara silverballi
48b Ocotea oblonga (Meisner) Mez Soft kereti
48c Ocotea wachenheimii Benoist Hard kereti
49 Ocotea rubra Mez Determa
50 Ocotea tomentella Sandw. Baradan
51 Ormosia coccinea (Aublet) B.D. Jackson Barakaro
52 Ormosia coutinhoi Ducke Korokororo
53 Parahancorniafasciculata (Lam.) Benoist DukaIi
54 Parinari campestris Aublet Burada
4
Index ofScientific Names
54a Parinari rodolphii Huber Burada

55 Peltogyne venosa (Yahl) Benth. Purpleheart
56 Platonia insignis Mart. Pakuri
57 Pouteria cuspidata (A. DC.) Baehni Kokoritiballi
58 Pouteria guianensis Aublet Asepoko
59 Pouteria speciosa (Ducke) Baehni Suya
60 Protium decandrum (Aublet) Marchand Kurokai
61 Pterocarpus rohrii Yahl Hill corkwood
62 Quassia simarouba L.f. Simarupa
63 Sacoglottis guianensis Benth. Sand dukuria
64 Sche./Jlera decaphylla (Seemann) Harms Blunt-leaf karohoro
65 Sche./Jlera morototoni (Aublet) Maguire,
Steyerm. & Frodin Pointed-leafkarohoro
66 Sclerolobium guianense Benth. Kaditiri
66a Sclerolobium micropetalum Ducke Thin-skin kaditiri
67 Sterculia rugosa R. Br. Rough-leaf maho
67a Sterculia pruriens (Aublet) Schumann Smooth-leafmaho
68 Swartzia benthamiana Miq. ltikiboroball i
68a Swartzia sprucei Benth. ltikiboroballi
68b Swartzia xanthopetala Sandw. ltikiboroballi
69 Swartzia leiocalycina Benth. Wamara
70 Symphonia globulifera L.f. Manni
71 Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandw.
var. monophylla Sandw. White cedar
72 Tabebuia serratifolia (Yahl) Nicholson Hakia
73 Talisia squarrosa Radlk. Moroballli
74 Termina/ia amazonia (J.F. Gmelin) Exell Hill fukadi
75 Terminalia dichotoma G. Meyer Swamp fukadi
75a Buchenaviafanshawei Exell & Maguire Fukadi
76 Tetragastris altissima (Aublet) Swart Haiawaballi
77 Trattinickia rhoifolia Willd. Ulu
77a Trattinickia demerarae Sandw. Thick-skin ulu
78 Vatairea guianensis Aublet Arisauro
79 Virola michelii Heckel Hill dalli
80 Virola surinamensis (Rolander) Warb. Swamp dalli
81 Vitex stahelii Mold. Hakiaballi
82 Vochysia surinamensis Stafleu lteballi
82a Vochysia schomburgkii Warm. lteballi
82b Vochysia tetraphyl/a (G. Meyer) D.C. lteballi
83 Vouacapoua macropetala Sandw. Sarebebeballi
5
Major Timber Trees ofGuyana. WoodAnatomy.
6
Index of V emacu/or and Trade Names
3. INDEX OF VERNACULAR AND TRADE NAMES
Names printed in bold refer to the main Guyanese name.

Names printed in italics refer to the international trade name(s).
Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number
Abey Futui 36
Abey blanco Huruasa 1
Abiu Asepoko 58
Abiurana Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Abiurana Kokoritiballi 57
Abiurana Asepoko 58
Abiurana arana Kokoritiballi 57
Abiuranta 57
Abonkini Maporokon 34
Aboonkini Maporokon 34
Acajou blanc Simarupa 62
Acajou de Guyane Red cedar 15
Acana Bulletwood 44
Acapro Hakia 72
Acapurana Koraro 4,4a
Acapurana Tatabu 21
Aceituno Simarupa 62
Achua Sand dukuria 63
Adarouna Sand baromalli 14,14a
Aguacatillo Kurahara silverballi 48a
Agui Barakaro 51
Aieoueko Huruhurudan 20
Aieoueko 20, 20a
Aipo Tonka bean 22
Aji Tatabu 21
Ajunado Koraro 4,4a
Akajoeran Huruhurudan 20
Akayoran Dakama 20
Aknon Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Akoinsiba Asepoko 58
Aku Futui 36
Aku Simarupa 62
Akurima Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27
Akuyari Red cedar 15
Alasoabo Swamp fukadi 75
7
Major Timber Trees ofGuyana. Wood Anatomy.
Alcomoque Tatabu 21
Algarrobito Purpleheart 55
Algarrobo Locust 32
Alma negra Aromata 18
Almendrillo Tonka bean 22
Almendro Koraro 4a
Almendro Tonka bean 22
Almendro Hill fukadi 74
Almendro de Rio Koraro 4,4a
Almesclao Haiawaballi 76
Amapa DukaIi 53
Amapa 53
Amapa amargoso Dukali 53
Amapa branco DukaIi 53
Amapa-rana Cow-wood 10
Amarante Purpleheart 55
Amarante 55
Amarelo Cow-wood 10
Amargo Arisauro 78
Amarillo Currywood 8
Amarillo Kurahara silverballi 48a
Amarillo carabazuelo Hill fukadi 74
Ambay-guazu Pointed-leafkarohoro 65
Amesclao Ulu 77, 77a
Amesc/ao 77, 77a
Anangossi Hill fukadi 74
Anangossiti Hill fukadi 74
Anani Manni 70
Anani da terra firrne Manniballi 47
Anaura Kautaballi 41, 4Ia,4 l b
Andira Koraro 4,4a
Andira uchi Koraro 4, 4a
Andiroba Crabwood 12
Andiroba 12, 12a
Andirobeira Crabwood 12
Angelim 33
Angelim Arisauro 78
Angelim amargosa Arisauro 78
Angelim fraco Huruasa l
Angelim vermelho Koraro 4, 4a
Angel in Koraro 4, 4a
Ange/in 4, 4a
8
Index of Vernacularand Trade Names
Angelino Huruasa 1
Angouchi Hill fukadi 74
Angouchy Swamp fukadi 75
Anjama Huruhurudan 20
Anon ilia Pointed-leafkarohoro 65
Apa Soft wallaba 23
Apa Ituri wallaba 24,24a
Apa Watapa 25
Apazeiro Soft wallaba 23
Apazeiro Ituri wallaba 24,24a
Apazeiro Watapa 25
Apijo Warakairo 37
Apokonion Maporokon 34
Arabisco Futui 36
Araracanga Shibadan 7a
Araracanga 7a
Aracuy Arisauro 78
Arakaka Arisauro 78
Araracanga Shibadan 7a
Ararama Kaditiri 66
Araurama Kaditiri 66,66a
Arawnig Hakia 72
Arenillo Koraro 4a
Arenillo Tatabu 21
Aricurana Suradan 31
Arisauro 78
Arisauro 78
Arisoeroe Arisauro 78
Aroematta Aromata 18a
Aromata 18, 18a
Aroma/a 18, 18a
Aruain Hakia 72
Asau Haiawaballi 76
Asepoko 58
Asepoko 58
Assao blanc Huruasa 1
Atoreb Red cedar 15
Atoritan Koraroballi 33
Aupar Hububalli 43
Awaloe-pisi Ulu 77, 77a
Awapa Soft wallaba 23
Awartu Wamara 69
9
Major T imber Trees ofGuyana. Wood Anatomy.
Axua Sand dukuria 63

Azufre Manni 70
Baaka Determa 49
Baaka apici Kurahara silverballi 48a
Baaka kiabici Tatabu 21
Baakalaka Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27,27a
Baakalaka Common black kakaralli 28,28a
Baboen Hill dalli 79
Baboen 79
Baboen Swamp dalli 80
Baboen 80
Baboen wallaba Ituri wallaba 24
Baboonwood Swamp dalli 80
Bacuri Pakuri 56
Bacuri 56
Bacuri-acu Pakuri 56
Bacuri de anta Manniballi 47
Bacury-guazu Pakuri 56
Bacuxiuba Pakuri 56
Bagaceira Cow-wood 10
Bagasse Cow-wood 10
Baikaaki Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27,27a
Baikaaki Common black kakaralli 28,28a
Bakoeri Pakuri 56
Balata Bulletwood 44
Balata burue Bulletwood 44
Balata franc Bulletwood 44
Balata gomme Bulletwood 44
Balata jaune d'oeuf Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Balata rouge Bulletwood 44
Balata singe rouge Kokoritiballi 57
Balibon Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27, 27a
Balibon Common black kakaralli 28,28a
Banak Swamp dalli 80
Baradan 50
Baradan 50
Barakaro 51
Baraman Common baromalli 13
Baramanni Common baromalli 13
Baramanni Sand baromalli 14, 14a
Barbasco ltikiboroballi 68b
Barbosquillo Koraro 4a
10
Index of Vernacular and Trade Names
Barillo Manni 70
Bario Manni 70
Barmani Sand baromalli 14
Baromalli Common baromalli 13
Baromalli 13
BaromaIii 14a
Baromalli 14, 14a
Basra bolletrie Tauroniro 30
Bastard bulletwood Tauroniro 30
Bastard kabukalli Warakairo 37
Bastard kokoritiballi Kokoritiballi 57
Bastard kurokai Ulu 77
Bastard mahogany Crabwood 12
Bastard purpleheart Bauwaua 9
Bat seed Koraro 4,4a
Bauwaua 9
Bauwaua 9
Bebe 61
Becuiba Hill dalli 79
Beeberoe Greenheart 16
Beefwood Bulletwood 44
Behoerada Burada 54
Belbarbre Mora 45
Beri oede wallaba Soft wallaba 23
Bibiro Greenheart 16
Bibiru Greenheart 16
Bicuhyba Swamp dalli 80
Bijlhout Soft wallaba 23
Bijlhout Ituri wallaba 24
Bijlhout Watapa 25
Billy Webb Blackheart 2
Bintoela Kaditiri 66
Bioudou Soft wallaba 23
Bioudou Ituri wallaba 24
Bioudou Watapa 25
Bitter ash Simarupa 62
Black kakaralli 28b
Black kakaralli 28, 28a, 28b
Blackheart 2
Blackheart 2
Blackheart Aromata 1 8a
Blakaberi Tauroniro 30
11
Major Timber Trees a/Guyana. Wood Anat omy.
Blaka kabisi Tatabu 21

Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
Boarwood Manni 70
Boes' amandra Swamp fukadi 75
Bofroe-oedoe Sand dukuria 63
Bogamani Swamp dalli 80
Bois bande Burada 54
Bois blanc Inyak 6
Bois blanchet White cedar 71
Bois canelle Brown silverballi 42
Bois cassave In yak 6
Bois gaulette Kautaballi 4lb
Bois Jacquot Warakairo 37
Bois macaque Huruasa I
Bois macaque de bane de sable Huruasa I
Bois macaye Shibadan 7a
Bois Marie Warakairo 37
Bois pagode Maporokon 34
Bois pian Futui 36
Bois rouge Tauroniro 30
Bois sabre Aromata 18
Bois sabre Soft wallaba 23
Bois violet Purpleheart 55
Boiusse Korokororo 52
Boiussu Korokororo 52
Bolletrie Bulletwood 44
Borracho Pointed-leafkarohoro 65
Bosamandel Swamp fukadi 75
Bouchi mouloumba Hill dalli 79
Bougouni Maporokon 34
Brea amarilla Manni 70
Brea-caspi Manni 70
Breu Kurokai 60
Breu grande Haiawaballi 76
Breu manga Haiawaballi 76
Breu preto Haiawaballi 76
Broad-leaved burada Burada 54
Brown ebony Wamara 69
Brown silverballi 42
Brown silverballi 42
Bucare Soft wallaba 23
Buckwax tree Manni 70
12
Bu(hu)rada Burada 54
Bulletwood 44
Bully tree Bulletwood 44
Bullywood Hill fukadi 74
Bunzquillo Maporokon 34
Burada 54,54a
Burada 54, 54a
Cabary Aromata 18
Cabbage angelin Koraro 4a
Cabullo Wina 39
Cachaceiro Kabukalli 29
Cachimbo Wadara 19
Cafetero Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Caguairan Locust 32
Caimite cimarron Warakairo 37
Caimitillo Kokoritiballi 57
Caimito Asepoko 58
Caimito morado Asepoko 58
Camaticaro Swamp dalli 80
Canadi Manni 70
Canaguate Hakia 72
Canari macaque Wina 39
Canari macaque Monkey pot 40
Canasposo Itikiboroballi 68b
Candlewood Burada 54
Candlewood Moroballi 73
Canelo 48b, 48c
Canelo amarillo Kurahara silverballi 48a
Canshan Hill fukadi 74
Capa de tabaco Wadara 19
Capricornia Kabukalli 29
Capurillo Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Cara pa Crabwood 12, 12a
Carapa Crabwood 12
Carapa rouge Crabwood 12, 12a
Carbonero Huruasa I
Cargamento Suradan 31
Carne asada Suradan 31
Carne asada Moroballi 73
Caroba Futui 36
Caroba do mato Futui 36
Carrizalero Asepoko 58
13
Mao
j r Timber Trees ofGuyana. W ood Anatomy.
Casaco Suradan 31
Castanha sapucala Monkey pot 40
Castafio Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Cebo Swamp dalli 80
Ceder Red cedar 15
Cedrat Red cedar 15
Cedre blanc White cedar 71
Cedre canelle Brown silverballi 42
Cedre gris Soft kereti 48b,48c
Cedre noir Kurahara silverballi 48a
Cedro Red cedar 15
Cedro 15
Cedro amargo Simarupa 62
Cedro bateo Crabwood 12
Cedro blanco Simarupa 62
Cedro macho Crabwood 12
Cencerro Blackheart 2
Chacte Blackheart 2
Chakte Blackheart 2
Chaliviande Swamp dalli 80
Champanha Tonka bean 22
Chanul Tauroniro 30
Chanul 30
Chaquiro Kabukalli 29
Charapilla Tonka bean 22
Chicha Rough-leafmaho 67,67a
Chicha brava Smooth-leafmaho 67a
Chicharra caspi Futui 36
Chicharro Hill fukadi 74
Chichi pate Blackheart 2
Chigo Koraro 4, 4a
Chingale Futui 36
Chiriuana Simarupa 62
Chontaquiro Tatabu 21
Chuponcillo Kokoritiballi 57
Chuya Suya 59
Cigarbox Red cedar 15
Clubwood Wamara 69
Cochun Hill fukadi 74
Coco cabeyo Wadara 19
Coco de mono Monkey pot 40
Coeurs dehors Tatabu 21
14
Coffee mortar Hill fukadi 74

Coffee mortar Swamp fukadi 75
Cogwood Greenheart 16
Cokerwood Swamp fukadi 75
Common asepoko Asepoko 58
Common baromalli 13
Common black kakaralli 28
Common kurokai Kurokai 60
Congo Koraro 4a
Congrio Tatabu 21
Congrio Kaditiri 66
Congrio blanco Kabukalli 29
Conigrio Itikiboroballi 68b
Copaia Futui 36
Copa! Locust 32,32a
Copa! Kurokai 60
Copalier Locust 32
Copinol Locust 32,32a
Copiuva Kabukalli 29
Corkwood Hill corkwood 61
Corobore Locust 32
Coronobo Manniballi 47
Cotoperis Moroballi 73
Cotuplis Moroballi 73
Couatari Wadara 19
Countaballi Kautaballi 41, 4 I b
Counter Kautaballi 41
Courali White cedar 71
Courbaril Locust 32
Courbari/ 32, 32a
Courouitaballi Kokoritiballi 57
Cow-wood 10
Coyote Blackheart 2
Crabwood 12,12a
Crabwood 12, 12a
Crappo Crabwood 12,12a
Crook Haiariballi 3,3a
Crook Korokororo 52
Cuajillo Warakairo 37
Cuajo Swamp dalli 80
Cuangare Swamp dalli 80
Cuapinol Locust 32
15
Cuchi parutu yura Hill corkwood 61

Cuilimbuco Koraro 4a
Cumala Swamp dalli 80
Cumaru Tonka bean 22
Cumaru 22
Cumate Sand dukuria 63
Cupay Futui 36
Cupiuba Kabukalli 29
Cupiuba 29
Currywood 8
Curtidor Suradan 31
Dakama 20
Dakama Huruhurudan 20
Dalli Hill dalli 79
Dalli Swamp dalli 80
Darina Koraroballi 33
Demerara groenhart Greenheart 16
Deokunud Iteballi 82
Determa 49
Determa 49
Diaguidia Kaditiri 66
Djedoe 66, 66a
Doekali DukaIi 53
Doekoelia Sand dukuria 63
Dokali Dukali 53
Dolly pear Kurahara silverballi 48a
Dollywood Swamp dalli 80
Drago Hill corkwood 61
Dukali 53
Dukuria Sand dukuria 63
Dukuria 63
Durban pine Suya 59
Ebano verde Hakia 72
Ebene soufre Hakia 72
Ebene verte Hakia 72
Ebo Tonka bean 22
Encens Kurokai 60
Encens gris Ulu 77
Encens rouge Haiawaballi 76
Enviveira Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Epik rik Barakaro 51
Erejoeroe Koraroballi 33
16
Index ofVernacular and Trade Names
Espadeira Soft wallaba 23

Espadeira Ituri wallaba 24,24a
Espadeira Watapa 25
Farsha Kautaballi 41b
Faux simarouba Futui 36
Fava amarela Arisauro 78
Faveira amarela Arisauro 78
Felipe pena Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Figueroa Crabwood 12
Fijnbladige sopo-oedoe Huruasa 1
Fine-leaf kakaralli 27c
Fine-leaf wadara Wadara 19a
Fine-smooth-leaf kakaralli 27b
Firiberoebana Barakaro 51
Flambeau rouge Sand baromalli 14
Foengoe Kautaballi 41,41a,41b
Foengoe Burada 54
Foetei Sand baromalli 14
Foetei Futui 36
Fongouti koko Burada 54,54a
Fukadi 75
Fukadi 75, 75a
Futi Futui 36
Futui 36
Gaiac de Cayenne Tonka bean 22
Gambouchi Ulu 77
Garay Suradan 31
Garrote Cow-wood 10
Gaulette blanc Burada 54
Geelhart Pakuri 56
Gele kabbes Arisauro 78
Geli kabissi Arisauro 78
Ginger gale Yellow silverballi 5
Ginja-hoedoe Hill fukadi 74
Gobaja Futui 36
Gobaja 36
Goebaja Futui 36
Goue-goue ltikiboroballi 68
Goupi Kabukalli 29
Goupie Kabukalli 29
Grandmoni Ulu 77
Greenheart 16
17
M aj or Timber Trees ofGuyana. Wood Anat omy.
Greenheart 16
Gri-gri Kautaballi 4lb
Grignon fou lteballi 82, 82b
Grignon franc Determa 49
Gris-gris blanc Burada 54
Groenhart Hakia 72
Guaba Hill fukadi 74
Guabillo Kaditiri 66
Guacharaco Wina 39
Galanda Futui 36
Guamillo Kaditiri 66
Guarno Maporokon 34
Guapinol Locust 32
Guarabu Purpleheart 55
Guaray Burada 54
Guarumo macho Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Guashi Simarupa 62
Guava-skin kakaralli 26
Guava-skin kakaralli 26
Guayabillo Hill fukadi 74
Guayabo Fukadi 75a
Guayacan Hakia 72
Guingamadou Swamp dalli 80
Guitarrero Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Gullikiabicci Koraroballi 33
Guyabo leon Hill fukadi 74
Haiari 3, 3a
Haiari Korokororo 52
Haiariballi 3,3a
Haiawaballi 76
Hakia 72
Hakiaballi 81
Hakiaballi 81
Haimara-kushi Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Hard kereti 48c
Harde zwarte pisi Kurahara silverballi 48a
Hariraro shiruaballi White silverballi 48
Hariroroe Inyak 6
Heburu White silverballi 48
Hierrito Kautaballi 41,4 l a,4 l b
Higueroton Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Hill corkwood 61
18
Hill dalli 79
Hill fukadi 74
Hill iteballi Iteballi 82
Hodeme Moroballi 73
Hoeboeballi Hububalli 43
Hog gum Manni 70
Hoogland baboen Hill dalli 79
Hoogland barklak Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27,27a
Hoogland barklak Kakaralli 28a
Hoogland bebe Hill corkwood 61
Hoogland kokrikie Barakaro 51
Horowassa Huruasa 1
Horse-eye Korokororo 52
Houmiri Tauroniro 30
Huasai-caspi Tatabu 21
Hububalli 43
Hububalli 43
Huesito Blackheart 2
Huriki Sand dukuria 63
Huruasa I
Huruasa 1
Huruhurudan 20a
Icanu Inyak 6
Heng White silverballi 48
Imbirema Wadara 19
Incienso Kurokai 60
Inga Maporokon 34
Inga 34
Ingipipa · Wadara 19, 19a, 19b
Inguipipa Wadara 19,19a, 19b
lnkassa Arisauro 78
I nyak 6
Inyak 6
lpe Hakia 72
Jpe 72
lpoentrie Inyak 6
Iriar Bulletwood 44
Irikwa Hill dalli 79
Irikwa Swamp dalli 80
Irimariye Wadara 19a
Ironwood Wamara 69
Ironwood Hakia 72
19
Major Ti m ber Trees ofGuyana. Wood Anatomy.
lshtapi Futui 36
Itauba branca Greenheart 16
Iteballi 82,82a,82b
Iteballi 82, 82a, 82b
Itiki boeroeballi Itikiboroballi 68
Itikiboro Hill corkwood 61
Itikiboroballi 68,68a,68b
Ituri wallaba 24,24a,24b
Ivira Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Jacaranda Futui 36
Jamboka Asepoko 58
Jan Snijder Asepoko 58
Jatahy Locust 32
Jatai Locust 32,32a
Jatoba Locust 32, 32a
Jatoba 32, 32a
Jaune d 'oeuf Asepoko 58
Jawahedan Cow-wood 10
Jawaledan Kaditiri 66
Jetoeri wallaba Watapa 25
Jigua amarillo Kurahara silverballi 48a
Johoto White cedar 71
Juan colorado Asepoko 58
Jumbi bead tree Barakaro 51
Jutai Locust 32,32a
Kaapa Crabwood 12, 12a
Kabiuk Kabukalli 29
Kabukalli 29
Kabuka//i 29
Kaditiri 66,66a
Kaditiri 66, 66a
Kaiman-oedoe Warakairo 37
Kaiman oudou Warakairo 37
Kajoewaballi Sand baromalli 14
Kakaralli Guava-skin kakaralli 26
Kakaralli 28a
Kalebashout Hill fukadi 74
KaliIi Kaditiri 66
Kalioe oelemaliti Wadara 19,19a,19b
Kamaragwa Haiawaballi 76
Kamarai Brown silverballi 42
Kaneelhart Brown silverballi 42
20
Kanee/hart 42
Kaneel-pisie Brown silverballi 42
Kanhoedoe Cow-wood JO
Kanirip Currywood 8
Kapai Haiariballi 3a
Kara Rough-leaf maho 67,67a
Karaba Crabwood 12,12a
Karaba Moroballi 73
Karababalli Moroballi 73
Karamanni Manni 70
Karapai Crabwood 12,12a
Karapa-yek Crabwood 12, 12a
Karawai Purpleheart 55
Karimora Moroballi 73
Karohoro Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
Karohoro Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Kasabahoedoe Inyak 6
Kasaba oudou Inyak 6
Kasave Inyak 6
Kasavehout Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Kaserena Koraroballi 33
Kassavehout Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
Kata Kaditiri 66,66a
Katama Common baromalli 13
Katamana Sand baromalli 14
Katje Aromata 18a
Katoelimia Tonka bean 22
Katowar Cow-wood 10
Kauada Kautaballi 4 1 ,4 l b
Kaudanaro Kautaballi 41
Kauta 41a
Kauta 4Ja
Kautaballi 41,4lb
Kautaba//i 41, 4lb
Kauwi Aromata 18
Kaw-oedoe Cow-wood 10
Kaw oudou Cow-wood 10
Kawanari Locust 32
Kawioi Yellow silverballi 5
Kereti 48b, 48c
Kharemero shiruaballi Brown silverballi 42
Kirikaua 35,35a
21
Kirikaua 35, 35a

Klaipio Huruasa I
Kleipjo Huruasa 1
Koatoi Haiariballi 3
Kobe Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Kobe 67, 67a
Kobero Bulletwood 44
Koebesini Burada 54
Koemaroe Tonka bean 22
Koerahara Kurahara 11
Koerli Kurahara 11
Koko Kautaballi 41,41a, 41b
Kokoritiballi 57
Kokriki Barakaro 51
Konatopo Tatabu 21
Konowadranup Hakia 72
Kooelpialli Hububalli 43
Kopaia Futui 36
Koperi Red cedar 15
Kopie Kabukalli 29
Kopie 29
Kopo Kurahara II
Koraro 4,4a
Koraroballi 33
Korero Aromata 18, 1 8a
Koroboreli Purpleheart 55
Korokororo 52
Koron Sand baromalli 14
Korongpinbiu Korokororo 52
Kotik Koraroballi 33
KotO Haiariballi 3a
Kotore Sand dukuria 63
Kouali Iteballi 82,82b
Kouanda Smooth-leafkakaralli 27,27a
Kouanda Common black kakaralli 28,28a
Kouatapatou Monkey pot 40
Krapabosi Tonka bean 22
Krappa Crabwood 12, 12a
Kromanti kopi Shibadan 7a
Kuiship Futui 36
Kukwi Purpleheart 55
Kumaiteka Wina 39
22
Kumaru Tonka bean 22

Kume Monkey pot 40
Kupisini Burada 54
Kupiye Kabukalli 29
Kurahara 11
Kurahara silverballi 48a
Kurana Red cedar 15
Kurang Maporokon 34
Kurassini Kokoritiballi 57
Kurero silverballi Yellow silverballi 5
Kurokai 60
Kurokai 60
Kut Greenheart 16
Kwai Hill fukadi 74
Kwari Maporokon 34
Kwari lteballi 82
Kwari 82, 82a, 82b
Kwariye Maporokon 34
Kwatapatoe Monkey pot 40
Kwateri Smooth-leafkakaralli 27
Kwateri Common black kakaralli 28
Kwatpain Huruasa I
Kwatru Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27
Kwatru Common black kakaralli 28
Kwatupana Huruasa I
Kwikpa Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Kwipari Hububalli 43
Kwipariye Hububalli 43
La Saint Jean Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
La Saint Jean Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Lacre montanera lteballi 82
Lapacho Hakia 72
Lapacho 72
Lapacho negro Hakia 72
Laurel White silverballi 48,48a,48b,48c
Laurel Kurahara silverballi 48a
Laurier White silverballi 48, 48a,48b,48c
Lauro chumbo Brown silverballi 42
Lebi kiabici Barakaro 51
Lebi kiabici Korokororo 52
Lebi-sali Haiawaballi 76
Lebioueko Maporokon 34
23
Leche amarilla Manni 70

Liadiadan koleroe Koraroballi 33
Liaroekakaralli Wina 39
Licahout Inyak 6
Licano apici Kurahara silverballi 48a
Lika oedoe Inyak 6
Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Limonaballi 17
Loboashou Warakairo 37
Locus Locust 32
Locust 32,32a
Loka Locust 32,32a
Loksi Locust 32
Louro White silverballi 48,48a
Louro gamela Determa 49
Louro vermelho Determa 49
Louro verme/ho 49
Lucky seed Barakaro 51
Maats Koraro 4
Mabinanero Koraroballi 33
Macaranduba Bulletwood 44
Macaranduba 44
Mac hare Manni 70
Magui Arisauro 78
Mahaicaballi Burada 54
Maho Common black kakaralli 28, 28a
Maho Rough-leaf maho 67,67a
Mahot blanc Wirimiri 38
Mahot cochon Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Mahot noir Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27a
Mahot noir Kakaralli 28a
Mahot rouge Wina 39
Mahou Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27
Mahou Common black kakaralli 28,28a
Maitakin Manni 70
Maiuarai Kautaballi 41
Majagua Rough-leaf maho 67,67a
Makarai Burada 54
Makka kabes Koraroballi 33
Makka krappa Moroballi 73
Manbarklak Smooth-leaf kakaralIi 27a
Manbarklak Kakaralli 28a,28b
24
Mandiocai Pointed-leaf karohoro 65

Mangue Manni 70
Mani Manni 70
Mani 70
Mani I Manni 70
Manil marecage Manni 70
Manil montagne Manniballi 47
Mani) peou Manniballi 47
Manioudou Manni 70
Manni 70
Manniballi 47
Manniballi 47
Mapa Duka Ii 53
Maparajuba Bulletwood 44
Maparana Shibadan 7,7a
Maporokon 34
Maquilla Koraro 4a
Marako Purpleheart 55
Marapasmukri Asepoko 58
Marawaro Kurahara 11
Marbuk Kirikaua 35,35a
Marcelo Warakairo 37
Marimari Wadara 19a
Marmite de singe Monkey pot 40
Marupa Manniballi 47
Marupa Simarupa 62
Marupa 62
Marupa fatso Futui 36
Marupauba falso Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Maruwa Kurokai 60
Masabalo Crabwood 12
Mascare Suradan 31
Massaranduba Bulletwood 44
Mataaki Manni 70
Mataki Manni 70
Matakkie Manniballi 47
Mata-mata Smooth-leaf kakaral Ii 27a,27b
Mata-mata Common black kakaralli 28,28a
Matarna ta Wina 39
Matamata preto Fine smooth-leaf kakaralli 27b
Matamata preto Common black kakaralli 28a
Matapalo Kaditiri 66
25
Major Timber Trees ofG11yana. Wood Anatomy.
Matatauba Pointed-leaf karohoro 65

Matazama Pakuri 56
Matchwood Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
Matchwood Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Matora Hill fukadi 74
Matou mouloumba Hill dalli 79
Matouni Pakuri 56
Mattoe White cedar 71
Matzingua Huruasa 1
Mayaro poui Aromata 18a
Mazabalo Crabwood 12
Melassiehoedoe Inyak 6
Merecurillo Burada 54,54a
Merendiba branca Hill fukadi 74
Meri Tauroniro 30
Moca Koraro 4a
Moelawa Warakairo 37
Moire Locust 32
Mok Purpleheart 55
Mongo matoaki Pakuri 56
Mongui soke Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Moni Ulu 77
Monkey pot 40
Montouchi ltikiboroballi 68
Montouchi Wamara 69
Moonba Swamp dalli 80
Mora Huruhurudan 20
Mora 45
Mora Mora 45
Mora 45
Mora Morabukea 46
Moraballi koeleroe Kokoritiballi 57
Moraboekea Morabukea 46
Mora-boekej a Morabukea 46
Mora de Guyana Mora 45
Mora de Saint Laurent Huruhurudan 20,20a
Mora-yek Mora 45
Morabukea 46
Morabukea 46
Morado Purpleheart 55
Morcegueira Ulu 77
Morera Morabukea 46
26
Moroballi 73
Moroballi 73
Morombo-rai Manniballi 47
Morompo Itikiboroballi 68
Moronobo Manniballi 47
Morototo Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
Morototo 64
Morototo Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Morototo 65
Morrao Wina 39
Moton Koraro 4a
Mouloumba Swamp dalli 80
Moussa Pakuri 56
Moutouchi Hill corkwood 61
Muiracatiara Bauwaua 9
Muirapiranga Soft wallaba 23
Muirapiranga Ituri wallaba 24,24a
Mumapage Tonka bean 22
Murewa Warakairo 37
Mutushi Hill corkwood 61
Mututuy da terra firma Itikiboroballi 68
Mutuwali Aromata 18, 18a
Naharu Swamp fukadi 75
Nancito Suradan 31
Napo Suradan 31
Naranjo Hill fukadi 74
Nargusta Hill fukadi 74
Nargusta 74
Nazareno Locust 32
Nazareno Purpleheart 55
Nekoe oedoe Korokororo 52
Neko oudou aguitin Korokororo 52
N 'Gobaya Futui 36
Nina Tauroniro 30
Nispero Bulletwood 44
Not Locust 32
Nuanamo Swamp dalli 80
Odon Cow-wood 10
Odoun Cow-wood 10
Oemanbarklak Wina 39
Ogoru Tatabu 21
Okoromai Guava-skin kakaralli 26
27
Major Ti mber Tre es ofGuyana. WoodAnatomy.
Okraprabu ltikiboroballi 68
Okro-oedoe Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Olgoi Tatabu 21
Olivo negrito Simarupa 62
Ollo Ulu 77, 77a
Oloroso Tauroniro 30
Onotillo Hububalli 43
Onnata Hububalli 43
Orilkorong Huruasa I
Orumo-macho Pointed-leafkarohoro 65
Otivo Swamp dalli 80
Otobo Swamp dalli 80
Paardevleeshout Bulletwood 44
Pacuare Kaditiri 66
Pacuru Pakuri 56
Pajura Suya 59
Pajura de Obidos Suya 59
Pakoeli Pakuri 56
Pakoueli Pakuri 56
Paku Common baromalli 13
Paku Sand baromalli 14, 14a
Pakuri 56
Pakuri 56
Palakoea Mora 45
Paletuvier jaune Manni 70
Pallewie Watapa 25
Palo de buba Futui 36
Palo de sangre Hill corkwood 61
Palo de sangre Swamp dalli 80
Paloeloipio Inyak 6
Palo machete Soft wallaba 23
Pamashto Bulletwood 44
Panacoco blanc Barakaro 51
Panama Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Panda White cedar 71
Panda cedoe White cedar 71
Pangapanga Soft wallaba 23
Pantano Suradan 31
Papakaie kouali lteballi 82b
Para-para Futui 36
Para-para 36
Parahyba Simarupa 62
28
Index of V ernacular and Trade Names
Paraju Bulletwood 44
Parakaua Mora 45
Parakwai Morabukea 46
Paraman Manni 70
Parank Red cedar 15
Paranka Red cedar 15
Parcouri Pakuri 56
Parcouri-manil Manniballi 47
Pardillo amarillo Hill fukadi 74
Pardillo negro Hill fukadi 74
Parewe Soft wallaba 23
Parinari Burada 54a
Paripiballi/Limonaballi 17
Paruru Sand dukuria 63
Pasa Futui 36
Pata de danto amarillo Fukadi 75a
Pata de Gallina Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Pau mulato brancho Hill fukadi 74
Pau d 'Arco Hakia 72
Pau doce Kokoritiballi 57
Pau marjim 8
Pau roxo Purpleheart 55
Pau sangre Hill corkwood 61
Pau violeta Purpleheart 55
Pavito Futui 36
Pendare Bulletwood 44
Pendarito Kokoritiballi 57
Peramancillo Manni 70
Peto Mora 45
Phootee Futui 36
Pi Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Picaton Hububalli 43
Piento-bolletrie Suradan 31
Pientobolletrie Kokoritiballi 57
Pientokopie Warakairo 37
Pilon Koraro 4,4a
Pilon Suradan 31
Pilon 31
Pintrie Hill dalli 79
Piria Warakairo 37
Pisi Hard kereti 48c
Pitomba Moroballi 73
29
Pizarro Hill corkwood 61

Platanillo Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Poko Common black kakaralli 28
Polvillo Hakia 72
Ponsigue montanero Sand dukuria 63
Pookadi Hill fukadi 74
Popo-ati Purpleheart 55
Por Suya 59
Pornai Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Porokai Kurokai 60
Poyak Asepoko 58
Pracuuba Mora 45
Preciosa Brown silverballi 42
Prokonie Maporokon 34
Prukoi Common black kakaralli 28
Puenga Manni 70
Puete Hill fukadi 74
Puire Sand dukuria 63
Puna Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Punte Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Purguillo Limonaballi/Paripiballi 17
Purguillo felix Kokoritiballi 57
Purperheart Purpleheart 55
Purpleheart 55
Purue Bulletwood 44
Puy Hakia 72
Quaruba lteballi 82,82b
Quaruba 82, 82a, 82b
Quatele Monkey pot 40
Quinilla colorada Bulletwood 44
Quinillo colorado Koraro 4a
Quinilla colorado Tauroniro 30
Ranai Rough-leaf maho 67,67a
Ranoi Hakia 72
Red cedar 15
Rejo Blackheart 2
Ripeiro vermelh o Wirimiri 38
Roble Hill fukadi 74
Roble Maria Pakuri 56
Rode kabbes Koraro 4, 4a
Rode lokus Locust 32
30
Rode salie Haiawaballi 76

Rora(yek) Greenheart 16
Rough-leaf maho 67
Roxinho Purpleheart 55
Saboarana Itikiboroballi 68
Saboarana 68, 68a, 68b
Sacha-uva Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Saino Kabukalli 29
Saint Martin blanc Korokororo 52
Saint Martin gris Tatabu 21
Saint Martin gris Koraroballi 33
Saint Martin jaune Koraroballi 33
Saint Martin rouge Koraro 4,4a
Saint Martin rouge Korokororo 52
Saka Purpleheart 55
Sali Haiawaballi 76
Safi 76
Samarapa Futui 36
Sand baromalli 14
Sand dukuria 63
Sand mora Moroballi 73
Sangre Hill corkwood 61
Sangre 61
Sangre Swamp dalli 80
Sangrillo Hill corkwood 61
Sangrito Hill corkwood 61
Sangue-de-bio Suradan 31
Sani caspi Warakairo 37
Santa Maria 11
Sapadilla Bulletwood 44
Sapangapanga Aromata 18
Sapino Kabukalli 29
Sapucaia Monkey pot 40
Sapucaia 40
Sapupira Tatabu 21
Saraurai Rough-leaf maho 67,67a
Sarebebeballi 83
Sarebebeballi 83
Sarrapia Tonka bean 22
Sarrapio montanero Koraro 4,4a
Sawariskin silverballi White silverballi 48
Sebo Swamp dalli 80
31
Major T imber Trees ofGuyana. WoodAnatomy.
Sedre Red cedar 15

Sekerau Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Serena Kurahara 11
Shem po Swamp dalli 80
Shibadan 7, 7a
Shibadan 7, 7a
Shibadan Currywood 8
Shihuahuaco amarillo Tonka bean 22
Shiraip Wamara 69
Shirima Simarupa 62
Shiritikan Currywood 8
Simana Common baromalli 13
Simana Sand baromalli 14
Simarouba Simarupa 62
Simaruba Simarupa 62
Simaruba 62
Simarupa 62
Simere Simarupa 62
Simia chimi Swamp fukadi 75
Simiri Locust 32a
Sipiri Greenheart 16
Sipiroe Greenheart 16
Sipu Greenheart 16
Slangenhout Hububalli 43
Slangenhout 43
Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27, 27a
Smooth-leafkakaralli 27, 27a, 27b, 27c
Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Smooth-leaf wadara 19b
Soap wood Huruasa I
Soemaroeba Simarupa 62
Soewana Kirikaua 35
Soft kereti 48b
Soft wallaba 23
Stinking toe Locust 32
Stinkwood Kabukalli 29
Suchi amarillo Hill fukadi 74
Sucupira Tatabu 21
Sucupira 21
Sun-sun Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Suntuch Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Supai yahuar huiqui Hill corkwood 61
32
Suradan 31
Suradanni Suradan 31
Suriname snakewood Hububalli 43
Suya 59
Suya 59
Swamp baromalli Common baromalli 13
Swamp bloodwood Hill corkwood 61
Swamp dalli 80
Swamp fukadi 75
Swamp kirikaua Kirikaua 35,35a
Swanna Kirikaua 35
Tabaca Aromata 18
Tabaca Soft wallaba 23
Tabaco Soft wallaba 23
Tabaco Ituri wallaba 24a
Tabaco Watapa 25
Tabari Wadara 19
Tabari Wina 39
Tabebuia 72
Tachi Kaditiri 66
Tachy Kaditiri 66
Tahuari negro Hakia 72
Tamad Common black kakaralli 28
Tamanokware Inyak 6
Tamanqueira Simarupa 62
Tamaro tan Hill fukadi 74
Tamoene Wina 39
Tampipio Wadara 19
Tananeo Purpleheart 55
Tangare Crabwood 12
Tapaljacote Moroballi 73
Tarco Futui 36
Tatabu 21
Tatajuba Cow-wood 10
Tatajuba 10
Tauaranru Tauroniro 30
Tauari Wadara 19, 19b
Tauari 19, 19a, 19b
Tauroniro 30
Tawanonero Tauroniro 30
Tekroma Guava-skin kakaralli 26
Temare Kokoritiballi 57
33
Tento Barakaro 51
Tento 51
Tento Korokororo 52
Tento 52
Teteroma Determa 49
Teteruma Determa 49
Thick-skin kaditiri Kaditiri 66
Thick-skin ulu 77a
Thin-skin kaditiri 66a
Thin-skin ulu Ulu 77
Thoeraroe lnyak 6
Tiestigo Moroballi 73
Timbo pau Aromata 18
Timbo rana Aroma ta 18
Tinajito Monkey pot 40
Tinchi Hard kereti 48c
Tingimoni Haiawaballi 76
Tingimoni Kurokai 60
Tingimoni Ulu 77
Tingui apici Hard kereti 48c
Tinguimoni Kurokai 60
Tiniari Brown silverballi 42
Tinto blanco Futui 36
Tobitoutou Blunt-leaf karohoro 64
Tobitoutou Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Toker Kautaballi 41, 41b
Tonka Tonka bean 22
Tonka bean 22
Totumillo Hakiaballi 81
Tourou Smooth-leaf maho 67a
Trapichero Bulletwood 44
Trompillo Suradan 31
Tuchaua Warakairo 37
Tuwne Cow-wood 10
Tzimbo Swamp dalli 80
Uapa Soft wallaba 23
Uapa lturi wallaba 24a
Uapa Watapa 25
Uchy Sand dukuria 63
Ucuhuba-rana Kirikaua 35,35a
Ucuuba Swamp dalli 80
Ucuuba da terra firma Hill dalli 79
34
Ulu 77,77a
Umiri Tauroniro 30
Urimari Wadara 19a
Urucurana Suradan 31
Vera de agua Blackheart 2
Verdolago Hill fukadi 74
Virola Hill dalli 79
Virola 79
Virola Swamp dalli 80
Virola 80
Viruviru Greenheart 16
Vonkhout Kautaballi 41, 4la, 41b
Vonkhout Burada 54
Wabaima Brown silverballi 42
Wacapou Sarebebeballi 83
Wadara 19, 19a
Wadaduri Monkey pot 40
Waika chewstick Manni 70
Wajaaka Brown silverballi 42
Wallaba Soft wallaba 23
Wallaba 23
Wallaba Ituri wallaba 24
Wallaba 24, 24a, 24b
Wallaba Watapa 25
Wallaba 25
Wamara 69
Wamara 69
Wamkoam Kaditiri 66,66a
Wamuk Burada 54
Wamuku Burada 54
Wana Determa 49
Wana 49
Wana kouali lteballi 82
Wana kwari lteballi 82
Wanaka Korokororo 52
Wane Determa 49
Wantsun Kaditiri 66
Wanu Determa 49
Wapa Soft wallaba 23
Wapa lturi wallaba 24
Wapa Watapa 25
Wapa courbaril Ituri wallaba 24
35
Wapa montagne Ituri wallaba 24

Wapa riviere Watapa 25
Warabokkadan Korokororo 52
Warakairo 37
Warakairo 37
Warakajaro Warakairo 37
Warakuri White cedar 71
Waramai Kabukalli 29
Waranaka Wadara 19
Warishi Swamp dalli 80
Waroekoeli White cedar 71
Waroes Swamp dalli 80
Warokorie White cedar 71
Waruwai Kurokai 60
Wassiba Hakia 72
Watafa Watapa 25
Watapa 25
Water wallaba Ituri wallaba 24b
Water wallaba Watapa 25
Watra bebe Hill corkwood 61
Watra kwari Iteballi 82b
Watschir Kurahara 11
Watuwai Warakairo 37
Wayama Ulu 77
We Swamp dalli 80
Weputana Kirikaua 35a
Weti apici Soft kereti 48b
Weti loabi Wirimiri 38
Wetipaou Inyak 6
White cedar 71
White cedar 71
White oliver Hill fukadi 74
White silverballi 48
White silverballi 48, 48a
White tabebuia 71
White wallaba Soft wallaba 23
White oliver Hill fukadi 74
Wild mammee apple Pakuri 56
Wina 39
Wina 39
Wina kakaralli Wina 39
Wirimiri 38
36
Wirimiri 38
Witte djedoe Kaditiri 66
Wopa Soft wallaba 23
Woraccori White cedar 71
Xpasak Simarupa 62
Yachimambo Futui 36
Yahu Rough-leaf maho 67
Yaksaru Arisauro 78
Yaku Simarupa 62
Yaneau Baradan 50
Yape Tonka bean 22
Yapopari Sand dukuria 63
Yarumero Pointed-leaf karohoro 65
Yawahudan Cow-wood 10
Yawaredan Kaditiri 66,66a
Yayamadou grand bois Hill dalli 79
Yayamadou marecage Swamp dalli 80
Yayamadou montagne Hill dalli 79
Yebaro Soft wallaba 23
Yellow poui Hakia 72
Yellow silverballi 5
Yellow silverballi 5
Yellow sweetwood Yellow silverballi 5
Yema de huevo Currywood 8
Yoboko Ituri wallaba 24
Yokar Maporokon 34
Yongo Arisauro 78
Yumbingue Hill fukadi 74
Zabucaio Monkey pot 40
Zapan negro Tatabu 21
Zapatero Purpleheart 55
Zaputi Manni 70
Zwamp panta White cedar 71
Zwarte kabbes Tatabu 21
37
38
Anatomical Descriptions
4. ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTIONS
39
I . Abaremajupullba (Willd.) Britton & Killip Huruasa
Synonym Pithecel/obiumj11punba (Willd.)Urban

Family Leguminosae (Mimosoideae)
Vernacular names Huruasa, Klaipio, Kwatain, Orukorong, Soapwood
Macroscopic features
Colour Heartwood flesh-colored or pale brown, sometimes with a slight
pinkish tinge; sapwood whitish and distinct from heartwood
colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with yellowish fluorescence. Water extract not
fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract
not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown. Froth test
positive.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average 0.51.
Microscopic features
Growth Rings Growth rings indistinct or absent.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial
multiples; 2-5/mm2; (40-) 120-210(-320) µm in tangential
diameter; 340-500 µm in element length. Perforation plates
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 5-6 µm in
diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders, similar to
intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled; I 060-1350 µm in length; pits
simple to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma vasicentric, or aliform to confluent;
aliform parenchyma lozenge type. Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; mostly 5-7 per mm;
exclusively uniseriate (occasionally biseriate in part); 130-260 µm
in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (15+) chains in chambered
axial parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana Benoist 589, Melinon 119
Guyana FDBG 3255, Persaud 64, Maguire 40552, Polak 185
Suriname Stahel 20
Venezuela Breteler 4968
40
I. Abaremajupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip
41
2. Acosmium praeclarum (Sandw.) Yakovlev Blackheart
Synonym Sandw.
Sweetia praeclara
Family Leguminosae (Papilionoideae)
Vernacular names Blackheart
Colour Heartwood medium brown to dark chocolate brown; sapwood
similar to heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract sometimes with a
blue fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades
of brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; ranging from 0.53-0.70.
multiples; 6-7/mm2; (I 00-)135-150(-210) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; mostly 6-7 µm
in diameter (occasionally 8); vessel-ray pitting with distinct
borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; ( 1000-)1525
(-2100) µm in length; pits simple to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma scanty to vasicentric. Axial parenchyma
mostly 4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells
(occasionally 2-3 rows of square cells, or sometimes procumbent
ray cells tending to be square); 5-7 per mm; mostly 1-2 cells wide
(in FDBG 2353 mostly uniseriate to only occasionally biseriate in
part; in Polak 505 mostly biseriate, rarely triseriate); 400-600 µm
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, occasional in FDBG 2353 in short
(2-8) to long (up to 15) chains in chambered axial parenchyma, or
absent (rare in ray cells; crystals absent in Polak 505); one crystal
per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Guyana FDBG 2353, Polak 505
42
2. Acosmium praeclarum (Sandw.) Yakovlev
43
3. Alexa imperatricis (Schomb.) Baillon Haiariballi

3a Alexa leiopetala Sandw.
. Haiariballi

Vernacular names Crook, Haiariballi, Kapai, Koatoi, KOUl
Colour Heartwood light or pale creamy brown, occasionally somewhat
darker brown, sometimes with a slight pinkish or yellowish tinge;
sapwood (7-10 cm) dingy white or yellowish and similar to
heartwood colour.
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent;
extract colourless to shades of brown. Froth test positive.
multiples (rarely to occasionally in distinctive long radial
multiples of 6-8 small vessels in A. /eiopeta/a); 2-3/mm2;
(70-)140-245(-325) µm in tangential diameter; 380-540 µm in
element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits
alternate; circular or oval; 8-10 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting
with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape;
vestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled; 1250-1950 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma distinctly aliform (rarely confluent);
aliform parenchyma generally lozenge type. Banded parenchyma
sometimes in faint non-continuous irregular bands, or absent.
Axial parenchyma mostly 4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells (rarely
2 or 3 rows of marginal square cells); 5-8 per mm; 2-3 cells wide;
325-480 µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals sporadic in short (4-12) chains in chambered
axial parenchyma, or absent (only 3 of 9 specimens with crystals);
one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Alexa imperatricis
Guyana FDBG 916, Polak 54 & 142, SGU 3B (tree 9)
Venezuela Breteler 4966, Conejos 31, MERw D19
Alexa leiopetala
44
3. Alexa imperatricis (Schomb.) Baillon

3a. Alexa /eiopetala Sandw.
45
4. Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitg. e x Pulle Koraro

4a. Andira inermis (Wright) DC. Koraro

Vernacular names Bat seed, Koraro, Maats
Colour Heartwood dark red brown or pink brown; sapwood yellowish and
distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood occasionally with bright or pale yellow fluorescence,
or not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract mostly
reddish brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract mostly
reddish brown. Splinter bums to full ash; colour bright white.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity generally medium; average for A. inermis
0.78.
multiples (rarely to 5); l -3/mm 2; (70-)145-245(-330) µm in
tangential diameter; 280-515 µm in element length. Perforation
plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-10 µm
in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders, similar to
intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured. Deposits in heartwood
vessels sporadic to occasional but always present, colour yellow,
or white.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled; 1450-2210 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliform to confluent; aliform
parenchyma mostly lozenge type. Banded parenchyma in wide
bands more than three cells wide (bands mostly over 4 cells wide).
Marginal banded parenchyma occasionally present, or absent.
Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays generally heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square
cells (occasionally marginal cells not distinctly square); 4-7 per
mm; 2-4 cells wide (mostly 2-3); 290-420 µm in height. All rays
storied; 2-3 ray tiers per axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (4-16) chains in chambered
Material studied
Andira surinamensis
French Guiana: Sabatier 2363; Guyana FDBG 4076, A.C. Smith 3447; Suriname: Stahel 57
Andira inermis
El Salvador: USw 166; Guadeloupe: Rollet 1465; Puerto Rico: MADw 11; Suriname: Stahel
109a
46
4. Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitg. ex Pulle

4a. Andira inermis (Wright) DC.
47
5. Aniba ltypoglauca Sandw. Yellow Silverballi
Synonym Aniba ovalifolia Kosterm., non

Mez
Family Lauraceae
Vernacular names Ginger gale, Kawioi, Kurero silverballi, Yellow silverballi,
Yellow Sweetwood
Colour Heartwood golden or dark brown to brownish yellow or olive with
a greenish hue; sapwood white or grey with a yellowish hue and
similar to heartwood colour, or distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a yellowish green fluorescence. Water extract not
fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract
with a bright blue fluorescence; extract colourless to shades of
brown. Odour distinct (sweet and spicy like many other species of
Lauraceae). Splinter bums to charcoal.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; ranging from 0.48-0.53.
multiples; I 0-15/mm2; (110-)145(-200) µm in tangential diameter;
(250-)670(-830) µm in element length. Perforation plates simple.
Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 10-12 µm in diameter;
vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to apparently simple,
pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and
common.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled; (980-) 1410(-1620) µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma scanty (rarely vasicentric). Axial
parenchyma 4-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells; 5-6
per mm; 2 cells wide (rarely 3); (160-)385(-500) µm in height.
Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Crystals absent. Oil cells frequent and associated with ray and
axial parenchyma.
Material studied
Guyana Polak 251
48
5. A11iba hypoglar1co Sandw.
49
6. Antonia ovata Pohl Inyak
Family Loganiaceae
Vernacular names Icanu, Inyak, Tamanokware
Colour Heartwood yellowish or dingy white to grey; sapwood similar to
heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Froth test positive, or
negative.
multiples (often to 6); 21-33/mm2; (40-)60-100(-145) µm in
plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 4-5 µm in
Fibres Fibres non-septate; mostly thin-walled; 670-805 µm in length; pits
distinctly bordered and common on both radial and tangential
walls.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare (sometimes scanty
paratracheal parenchyma associated with vessels bordering islands
of included phloem). Axial parenchyma 3-4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent (occasionally
heterocellular with one row of square cells); 8-10 per mm;
exclusively uniseriate; 155-185 µm in height. Storied structure not
observed.
Special Characters Crystals absent. Included phloem in islands more or less
concentric (islands 120-250 µm X 90-120 µm; about 5-6/ sq. mm).
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 208 & 306, Feuillet 2310
Guyana A.C. Smith 2196, Polak 313
Suriname Stahel 48
50
6. Antonia ovata Pohl
51
7. Aspidosperma cruentum Woodson Shibadan

7a. Aspidosperma album (Yahl) Benoist Shibadan
Family Apocynaceae
Vernacular names Shibadan
Colour Heartwood pinkish brown to pale orange yellow or yellow brown;
sapwood light grey to yellowish and distinct from heartwood
colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with yellowish to somewhat green fluorescence. Water
extract with bright blue fluorescence; extract colourless to shades
of brown. Ethanol extract with blue fluorescence; extract mostly
yellowish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium to high; ranging from 0.75-0.79.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels exclusively solitary; mostly 8-14/mm2;
element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits when
observed on overlapping vessel element tails and the rare vessel
pair, alternate; circular or oval; 5-6 µm in diameter; vessel-ray
pitting with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and
shape; vestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled; 1540-2125
µm in length; pits distinctly bordered and common on both radial
and tangential walls. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids generally
absent (occasionally some observed).
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma mostly absent or extremely rare (occasionally
diffuse strands observed). Paratracheal parenchyma sometimes
scanty. Axial parenchyma 6-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly homocellular, typically procumbent (occasionally
with 1-3 rows of marginal cells); 6-8 per mm; mostly 2-3(-4) cells
wide; 300-475 µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals generally in short (4-8) to occasionally long
(+15) chains in chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per cell
or chamber. Latex tubes mostly absent (latex trace found in
Sabatier-Prevost 3016).
Material studied
A. cruentum
Belize Stevenson 8
French Guiana Sabatier-Prevost 2175 & 3016
Guyana Boyan 595, FDBG 3962
A. album
Brazil Ducke 154, Museu Goeldi 24 & 25
Guyana A.C. Smith 2433
52
7. Aspidosperma cmentum Woodson

7a. Aspidosperma album (Yahl) Benoist
53
8. Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC. Currywood
Family Apocynaceae
Vernacular names Currywood, Kanirip, Shibadan, Shiritikan
Colour Heartwood bright clear lemon yellow, sometimes with a greenish
tinge; sapwood somewhat lighter, but similar to heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with green to slight yellow fluorescence. Water extract
somewhat weakly fluorescent, but mostly not fluorescent; extract
light yellowish brown (sometimes very pale yellow). Ethanol
extract somewhat weakly fluorescent, but mostly not fluorescent;
extract colourless to shades of brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium to high; average 0.67.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels exclusively solitary; mostly 40-l 18/mm2;
element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits when
observed on overlapping vessel element tails and the rare vessel
pair, alternate; circular or oval; 5-6 µm in diameter; vessel-ray
shape; vestured.
and tangential walls. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids generally
absent (occasionally some observed).
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma occasionally diffuse (very rarely scanty
paratracheal). Marginal banded parenchyma present (bands very
fine, 1-2 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 4-6(-8) cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; mostly 6-8 per mm;
observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short (5-8) chains in chambered
Material studied
Peru Rafael Lao 73 (fr. 123)
Suriname Stahel 323
Venezuela LI. Williams 10125, 11712 & 11829
54
8. Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC.
55
9. Astronium ulei Mattick Bauwaua
Family Anacardiaceae
Vernacular names Bastard purplehe�, Bauwaua
Colour Heartwood rich red or orange-brown to dark reddish brown;
sometimes with narrow or wide dark brown to black streaks;
sapwood dingy greyish or brownish white and distinct from
heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a slight yellowish green fluorescence, or not
fluorescent. Water extract somewhat weakly fluorescent, but
mostly not fluorescent; extract various shades of reddish brown.
Ethanol extract somewhat weakly fluorescent, but mostly not
fluorescent; extract various shades of reddish brown. Splinter
bums to full ash; colour bright white.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity mostly high; average 0.71.
multiples (rarely to 5, sometimes short radial multiples of small
vessels); 7-13/mm2; (65-)90-140(-205) µm in tangential diameter;
480-525 µm in element length. Perforation plates simple.
vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to apparently simple,
pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses thin- to
occasionally thick-walled and very common.
Fibres Fibres septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled; 965-1105 µm in
length; pits simple to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma rarely scanty paratracheal to absent or
extremely rare. Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells to
heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells (mostly
with 1-2 rows of marginal or short upright cells; rarely with five
rows); (5-)6-8(-10) per mm; 2-3(-4) cells wide; 270-305 µm in
height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in upright and/or square ray cells; one
crystal per cell or chamber. Radial canals commonly present.
Material studied
Guyana FDBG 2156, A.C. Smith 3126, IICAw SGU IOA (tree 26), Polak
303
56
9. Astronium 11/ei Mattick
57
Major Timber Trees of Guyana. Wood Anatomy.
10. Bagassa guianensis Aublet Cow-wood
Synonym (Hamilton) Benoist

Bagassa tiliifolia
Family Moraceae
Vernacular names Cow-wood, Katowar, Odon, Tuwne, Yawahudan
Colour Heartwood yellow when fresh, becoming lustrous golden brown to
russet upon exposure; sapwood (2-4 cm) pale yellow, cream or
nearly white and sharply distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract with a slight blue
fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract generally various shades
of yellowish brown. Ethanol extract mostly not fluorescent
(occasionally very light blue); extract generally various shades of
yellowish brown.
multiples; 1-3/mm2 ; (110-)190-290(-330) µm in tangential
diameter; 315-43 5 µm in element length. Perforation plates
simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 10-12 µm in
intervessel pits in size and shape; nonvestured. Tyloses thin
walled and common.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled (sometimes very
thick-walled); 1050-1225 µm in length; pits simple to minutely
bordered (restricted to radial walls).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly scanty, or vasicentric (rarely
lozenge aliform). Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
(sometimes with 2 rows of marginal or upright cells); 4-5 per mm;
mostly 3-4 cells wide (occasionally 5 cells wide); 275-620 µm in
height. Sheath cells occasionally present, or absent. Storied
structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals mostly evident in upright and/or square ray cells
and in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells (occasionally in
chambered axial parenchyma cells); one crystal per cell or
chamber. Latex tubes present, or absent (even when present, latex
tubes not common within specimen).
Material studied
Brazil Capucho 365
French Guiana Benoist 518, Petrov 78, 89 & I 00
Guyana A.C. Smith 3543, FDBG 3377
Suriname Stahel 194
58
I 0. Bagassa guianensis Aublet
59
11. Calopllyllum lucidum Benth. Kura hara
Fa mily Guttiferae
Vernacular names Kopli, Kurahara, Marawaro, Serena, Watschir
Colour Heartwood pale pinkish or reddish brown, sometimes with fine
darker striping; sapwood greyish to light brown and distinct from
heartwood colour.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels occasionally in diagonal and/or radial
pattern; exclusively solitary; 6-l l/mm2; (105-) 150-195(-260) µm
in tangential diameter; 675-780 µm in element length. Perforation
plates simple. Intervessel pits when observed on overlapping
vessel element tails and the rare vessel pair, alternate; circular or
oval; 4(-6) µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much reduced
borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical (often pits
aligned vertically); nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and
common.
simple to minutely bordered. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids
present.
Parenchyma Banded parenchyma in wide bands more than three cells wide, or
in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide (bands mostly 2-5
cells wide); narrow bands reticulate, or scalariform. Axial
parenchyma mostly 8 cells per parenchyma strand.
to heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells (mostly
one row of square marginal cells; occasionally 2 rows of square
cells); 8-13 per mm; exclusively uniseriate; 185-250 µm in height.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals often in long (15+) chains in chambered axial
parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana SF 01-A
Trinidad Forest Dept. s.n.
Venezuela LI. Williams 11894
60
11. Calophyllum lucidum Benth.
61
12. Carapa guianensis Aublet Crabwood

12a. Carapa procera A.DC. Crabwood
Family Meliaceae
Vernacular names Crabwood, Karaba, Karapai, Karapa-yek
Colour Heartwood pale pink, through rich reddish.brown to dark brown,
occasionally streaked with black; sapwood pinkish, pale brown, or
greyish and similar to heartwood colour, or distinct from
heartwood colour.
simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; mostly 4 µm in
intervessel pits in size and shape; nonvestured. Deposits in
heartwood vessels as seen with the light microscope, frequent,
colour red brown.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled; 1255-1875 µm in length; pits simple to
minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma scanty, or vasicentric. Marginal banded
parenchyma sporadically to frequently present {bands mostly more
than 3 cells wide). Axial parenchyma (4-)6-8 cells per parenchyma
strand.
to heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells (mostly
1-2(4) rows of square cells); 4-5 per mm; mostly 3-5 cells wide;
650-1100 µm in height. Sheath cells absent (sometimes the
presence of square cells resemble sheath cells). Storied structure
not observed.
axial parenchyma, or in upright and/or square ray cells (sometimes
in 2-chambered upright cells); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
C. guianensis
Brazil: Standley 320; French Guiana: Petrov 109; Guyana: FDBG 966, Polak 143; Suriname:
Stabel 105
C. procera
French Guiana: Petrov 58 & 67
62
-.-==::
:
12. Carapa guianensis Aublet

12a. Carapa procera A.DC.
63
13. Catostemma commune Sandw. Common baromalli
Family Bombacaceae
Vernacular names Baramanni, Baromalli, Common baromalli, Katama, Paku,
Simana, Swamp baromalli
Colour Heartwood dull yellowish brown to pinkish brown; sapwood light
yellowish brown and similar to heartwood colour..
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity mostly medium; average 0.46.
multiples; 2-5/mm2; (125-)175-270(-560) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; (9-) I 0(-11) µm
intervessel pits in size and shape, or vessel-ray pitting with much
reduced borders to apparently simple, pits rounded or angular;
nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; mostly thick-walled; 2060-2600 µm in length;
pits simple to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma confluent. Banded parenchyma in wide
bands more than three cells wide (mostly 4-8(-10) cells wide).
Axial parenchyma mostly 3-4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent (sometimes with less
elongated to square cells in the body of the ray and at the
margins); 2-3 per mm; (4-)5-9(-12) cells wide; 1900-2200 µm in
height; rays of two distinct sizes. Sheath cells present. Axial
parenchyma and/or vessel elements storied.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals mostly absent, or in chambered upright and/or
square ray cells (1-4 chambered ray cells in Breteler 3841, scarce
in Breteler 4958, and a few crystals in the axial parenchyma of
SJRw 32868); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Guyana FDBG 2398, Polak 22 & 60, SJRw 32868
Venezuela Breteler 3841, 4958 & 4972
64
13. Catostemma commune Sandw.
65
14. Catostemmafragrans Benth. Sand baromalli

14a. Catostemma altsonii Sandw. Baromalli
Family Bombacaceae
Vernacular names Adarouna, Bararnanni, Baromalli, Katamana, Koron, Palrn, Sand
baromalli, Simana
Colour Heartwood dull yellowish brown to pinkish brown; sapwood light
yellowish brown and similar to heartwood colour.
multiples; 2 6/mm2; ( 130-) 175-250(-310) µm in tangential
-

reduced borders to apparently simple, pits rounded or angular;
nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; mostly thick-walled; 2000-2600 µm in length;
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma confluent. Banded parenchyma in wide
bands more than three cells wide (mostly 3-6(-10) cells wide).
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent (sometimes with less
elongated to square cells in the body of the ray and at the
margins); 3 per mm; (3-)4-7(-10) cells wide; 2200-3300 µm in
height; rays generally of two distinct sizes. Sheath cells present.
Axial parenchyma and/or vessel elements storied.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent, or in procumbent ray cells, or in non
charnbered axial parenchyma cells, or in chambered axial
parenchyma (mostly in short (2-3, rarely 6-8) chains); one crystal
per cell or chamber. Intercellular canals of traumatic origin
generally absent (sporadic canal lines occasionally present in some
specimens).
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 249, 277 & 493, Melinon 58
Guyana Aitken 978 & 983, Persaud 134, SJRw 2115
66
14. Catostemmafragrans Benth.

14a. Catostemma altsonii Sandw.
67
15. Cedrela odorata L. Red cedar
Family Meliaceae
Vernacular names Cedro, Akuyari, Koperi, Kurana, Parank, Paranka, Red cedar
Colour Heartwood pale pinkish red to reddish brown; sapwood (3-5 cm)
pink to white and distinct from heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Odour more or less cedar
like and distinct to indistinct or absent.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity low to medium; variable, ranging from
0. 25-0.50.
Growth Rings Growth rings distinct.
Vessels Ring-porous to semi-ring-porous. Vessels solitary and in short
(mostly 2-3) radial multiples; 2-4/mm2; (115-) 160-235(-350) µm
in tangential diameter (mean of first row of vessels 245-270 µm);
305-575 µm in element length. Perforation plates simple.
vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits
in size and shape; nonvestured. Deposits in heartwood vessels as
seen with the light microscope, frequent, colour red brown.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 1000-1500 µm in
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma scanty to vasicentric. Marginal banded
parenchyma present (bands 3-8 cells wide). Axial parenchyma
mostly 3-4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells
(sometimes two rows); (3-)4-5 per mm; mostly 2-3 cells wide;
Special Characters Prismatic crystals rare in procumbent cells; sometimes in upright
and/or square ray cells, or in non-chambered axial parenchyma
cells, or in chambered axial parenchyma (generally in short (2 -4)
chains); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Brazil Krukoff 6218
French Guiana Melinon 2, SF 6037
Guyana FDBG 2326
Suriname Stahel 103 & 167
68
ljj I
15. Cedre la odorata L.
69
I 6. Chlorocardium rodiei (Schomb.) Rohwer, Green heart

Richt er & v a n der Werff
Synonym Ocotea rodiei (Schomb.) Mez

Family Lauraceae
Vernacular names Bibiro, Bibiru, Cogwood, Greenheart, Kut, Rora(yek), Sipiri, Sipu
Colour Heartwood yellow beige to dark olive brown, sometimes
approaching very dark olive brown or blackish with irregular dark
streaks; sapwood pale yellowish or greenish and similar to
heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood generally not fluorescent (sometimes very pale
greenish yellow). Water extract not fluorescent; extract colourless
to shades of brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
colourless to shades of brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average 0.80.
2
multiples; 7-12/mm ; (65-)105-130(-165) µm in tangential
simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 5-6(-8) µm in
reduced borders to apparently simple, pits rounded or angular (in
the procumbent cells pitting similar to intervascular pitting, but in
square/upright cells pitting similar to intervascular pitting or very
large, sometimes difficult to find large vessel-ray pits);
nonvestured.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma sometimes unilateral paratracheal and
scanty, or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma mostly 5-8 cells per
parenchyma strand.
per mm; mostly 2-3 cells wide; 350-530 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Crystals absent. Oil cells absent.
Material studied
Guyana RBHw 10781, CTFw 7830, 10548 & 13859, Polak 239 & 281,
FDBG 934, IICAw SGU 13A (tree 35)
Suriname RBHw 15662
70
16. Chlorocardium rodiei (Schomb.) Rohwer, Richter & van der Werff
71
17. Cllrysopllyllum pomiferum (Eyma) Penn. Limonaballi/Paripiballi
Synonym Achrouteria pomifera Eyma

Family Sapotaceae
Vernacular names Aknon, Haimara-kushi, Kwikpa, Limonaballi, Paripiballi
Colour Heartwood pale yellowish brown to dark brown; sapwood greyish
white to light brown and similar to heartwood colour.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels in dendritic pattern; solitary and in short
(mostly 2-3) radial multiples and commonly in radial multiples of
2
4 or more; approximately 15-30/mm , but difficult to determine
because of the diagonal vessel pattern; (55-)85-110(-150) µm in
plates simple. 1ntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 4-6 µm in
diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical (in procumbent cells
pitting similar to intervascular pitting); nonvestured.
simple to minutely bordered. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids
present (often sporadic and sometimes difficult to find).
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates. Banded
parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide; bands
reticulate. Axial parenchyma (4-)6-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells to
heterocellular, more than 4 rows of upright and/or square cells
(mostly 2-5(-8) rows); mostly 10-13 per mm; 2-3(-4) cells wide;
475-675 µm in height (body ray height 320-520 µm). Storied
Special Characters Crystals absent. Silica in the rays cells (silica nearly filling the
entire ray cell).
Material studied
Brazil E. Oliveria 2844, INPA 21142
French Guiana BAFOG 343, Sabatier 1513
Guyana FDBG 913 & s.n. (SJRw 32843), Polak JOO
72
17. Chrysophy/lum pomiferum (Eyma) Penn.
73
18. Clatllfotrophis macrocarpa Ducke Aromata

18a. C/atllfotrophis brac/1ypetala (Tul.) Kleinh. Aromata

Vernacular names Aromata, Kauwi, Korero, Mutuwali
Colour Heartwood dark brown in C. brachypetala and pink or red brown
in C. macrocarpa; sapwood yellowish to brownish white and
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract with a blue
fluorescence, or not fluorescent (fluorescent in FDBG 3732 and
somewhat fluorescent in other C. macrocarpa); extract colourless
to shades of brown (somewhat yellow-brown in C. macrocarpa).
Ethanol extract with a blue fluorescence (more evident in C.
macrocarpa); extract colourless to shades of brown (reddish
brown in Polak 260).
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels solit� and in short (mostly 2-3) radial
multiples; mostly 3(-4)/mm ; (125-)160-245(-320) µm in
plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 10(-12)
µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders, similar to
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliform to confluent (mostly confluent);
aliform parenchyma lozenge type, or winged type. Banded
parenchyma in wide bands more than three cells wide (bands short
to long and mostly 3-6 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 3-4 cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent to heterocellular, one
row of upright and/or square cells; 5-6(-8) per mm; 2-4(-5) cells
Material studied
C. macrocarpa
Brazil: Ducke 25, Krukoff8526; Guyana: FDBG 3732, Polak 241 & 260
C. brachypeta/a
French Guiana: BAFOG 368; Guyana: GTw 3213; Suriname: Stabel 345
74
18. Clathrotrophis macrocarpa Ducke

I Sa. Clathrotrophis brachypetala (Tu!.) Kleinh.
75
19. Couratari guianensis Aublet Wadara

19a. Couratari gloriosa Sandw. Wadara
19b. Couratari multijlora (J.E. Smith) Eyma Smooth-leaf wadara
Synonym Couratari pulchra Sandw. (19)

Family Lecythidaceae
Vernacular names Fine-leaf wadara, lrimariye, Marimari, Smooth-leaf wadara (C.
multif/ora), Urimari, Wadara (C. guianensis, C. gloriosa), Waranka (C.
guianensis).
Colour Heartwood cream white to beige or yellow beige, sometimes with a
pinkish tinge; sapwood similar to heartwood colour.
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial multiples
(rarely to 5); 2-4/mm2; ( 100-) 140-220(-295) µm in tangential diameter;
615-675 µm in element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits
alternate; circular or oval; 9-10 µm in diameter; occasionally vessel-ray
pitting with much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to
vertical, or vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders, similar to intervessel
pits in size and shape; nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and occasionally
common, or absent.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 1260- 1670 µm in length;
Parenchyma Banded parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide; bands
reticulate. Axial parenchyma (4-)6-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent to heterocellular, one row of
upright and/or square cells; 6-8 per mm; 2-3(-4) cells wide; 490-1050 µm
Special Characters Prismatic crystals mostly in very long (2o+) chains in chambered axial
parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber. Silica in the rays cells
(scattered throughout ray cells; often embedded in dark ray cell contents).
Material studied
C. guianensis
Colombia: Nee & Mori 3770; French Guiana: Petrov 41; Guyana: Polak 122; Suriname: Stahel 49 & 58:
Venezuela: Breteler 5007, LI. Williams 12729
C. nmltiflora
French Guiana: BAFOG 84, Petrov 136; Guyana: A.C. Smith 2496, Maguire et al 40497; Suriname:
Stahel 44
76
19. Couratari guianensis Aublet

19a. Couratari g/oriosa Sandw.
19b. Couratari multiflora (J.E. Smith) Eyma
77
20. Dimorphandra conjugata (Splitg.) Sa ndw. Dakama

20a. Dimorphandra polyandra Benoist Huruhurudan
Synonym Dimorphandra hohenkerkii Sprague & Sandw. (20a)

Family Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae)
Vernacular names Akayoran (D. conjugata), Dakama, Huruhurudan (D. polyandra)
Colour Heartwood dark red brown in D. conjugata, in D. polyandra pink
to reddish brown (yellowish brown when fresh); in D. polyandra,
occasionally with dark streaks; sapwood whitish or pinkish pale
brown and distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with bright yellowish fluorescence. Water extract with
yellowish green fluorescence; extract mostly colourless to shades
of brown. Ethanol extract with green to yellowish green
fluorescence; extract mostly colourless to shades of brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for D. polyandra 0.62.
2
multiples; 2-4/mm ; (120-)155-260(-360) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; (5-)6-8 µm in
vessels as seen with the light microscope, not frequent, colour red
brown.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma thick vasicentric to aliform and
confluent (somewhat more confluent in D. conjugata); aliform
parenchyma lozenge type. Axial parenchyma (2-) 4(-6) cells per
parenchyma strand.
row of upright and/or square cells (mostly homocellular in D.
conjugata and mostly heterocellular in D. polyandra); 5-9 per mm
(5-6 in D. polyandra and 8-9 in D. conjugata); in D. conjugata
exclusively uniseriate; in D. po/yandra 2 (-3) cells wide; 285-380
µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
axial parenchyma (chains mostly at boundary of fibrous tissue);
Material studied
D. conjugata: Guyana: FDBG 5236, Polak 577; Suriname: Stahel 186
D. polyandra: French Guiana: BAFOG 8, Petrov 82, 83 & 84; Guyana: FDBG 2477;
Suriname: Maguire et al 24197
78
20. Dimorphandra conjugata (Splitg.) Sandw.

20a. Dimorphandra po/yandra Benoist
79
21. Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff Tatabu

Vernacular names Konatopo, Ogoru, Olgoi, Tatabu
Colour Heartwood medium to dark brown and sometimes with a reddish
or yellowish tinge; sapwood (1-2 cm) whitish to beige or
yellowish and distinct from heartwood colour.
colourless to shades of brown, or yellowish brown. Ethanol extract
with a blue fluorescence; extract colourless to shades of brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average 0.8 I.
2
multiples; 4-6/mm ; (I 15-)180-280(-360) µm in tangential
vessels as seen with naked eye, sporadic but always present,
colour white.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled; I 400-1970
µm in length; pits simple to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly short aliform, or vasicentric;
aliform parenchyma lozenge type. Axial parenchyma (2-)4(-6)
cells per parenchyma strand.
heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells (true upright
cells normally in last row of ray); 5-7 per mm; mostly 2(-3) cells
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, mostly in short (2-4(-8)) chains in
chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Brazil Navy Proj. 159 F35, Maguire et al 5 I 833
French Guiana BAFOG I 6 I & I 80, Petrov 230, 233 & 238
Guyana Polak 294 & 297, SGU-5 (tree 13), SGU-5A (tree 14)
Suriname Helstone 500, Stabel 5
Venezuela MERw 1744 (MADw 24012)
80
2 1. Dip/otropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff
81
Major Timber Trees of Guyana. WoodAnatomy.
22. Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd. Tonka bean

Vernacular names AipO, Krapabosi, Kumaru, Tonka bean
Colour Heartwood beige or yellow brown sometimes with a purplish pink
tinge; sapwood (2-4 cm) yellowish white to beige brown and
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a yellowish green fluorescence. Water extract
with a azure fluorescence; extract colourless to shades of brown,
or yellowish brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
2
multiples (sometimes to 4); 7-10/mm ; (65-)120-180(-220) µm in
vessels as seen with naked eye or light microscope, occasional to
common, colour white, or red brown.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma occasionally unilateral paratracheal and
aliform (sometimes confluent); aliform parenchyma lozenge type,
or winged type. Marginal banded parenchyma present, or absent
(bands very fine (uniseriate) and irregular). Axial parenchyma 2
(-4) cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent (occasionally with one
row of less elongated marginal cells); 7-12 per mm; exclusively
uniseriate (sometimes in part biseriate, mostly biseriate in FDBG
2016); 200-360 µm in height. All rays storied; 3-4 ray tiers per
axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in mostly short ( 4-8) chains in
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 304 & 358, SF 6134
Guyana FDBG 2016, A.C. Smith 2751
Suriname Stabel 34
Venezuela Wurdack & Adderley 42844
82
22. Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd.
83
23. Eperuafa/cata Aublet Soft wallaba

Vernacular names Beri oede wallaba, Parewe, Soft wallaba, White wallaba, Wopa
Colour Heartwood dull reddish brown; resin produces darker streaks;
sapwood (2-12 cm) greyish white and distinct from heartwood
colour.
somewhat reddish brown. Ethanol extract occasionally with a
greenish fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract quickly
becoming reddish brown.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 13 50-1730 µm in
parenchyma present (bands connecting the axial canals; generally
wide, mostly 3-8, sometimes 1-4 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 2-
4 cells per parenchyma strand.
heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells
(procumbent cells not very elongated, individual ray cell height
generally over 30 µm which is unusual for species of
Leguminosae); 4-6 per mm; (2-)3-4 cells wide; 700-1620 µm in
height. Sheath cells absent (often square and slightly elongated
cells along sides of rays). Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (mostly 10+) chains in
chambered axial parenchyma (chains generally at the boundary of
the fibrous tissue and next to rays); one crystal per cell or
chamber. Axial canals approximately 80-120 µm in diameter,
frequently in long tangential lines.
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 143, Petrov 59, 124 & 239
Guyana Conservator ofForests 977-3, Gill 6, GTw 2312, Polak 258
Suriname Stahel 22, 23 & 66
84
23. Epemafa/cata Aublet
85
24. Eperua gra11dijlora (Aublet) Benth. Ituri wallaba

24a. Eperua jenmanii Oliver Ituri wallaba
24b. Eperua scllomburgkiana Benth. Ituri wallaba

Vernacular names lturi wallaba, Water wallaba, Yoboko
Colour Heartwood dull reddish brown; resin produces darker streaks; sapwood (2-
12 cm) greyish white and distinct from heartwood colour.
somewhat reddish brown. Ethanol extract occasionally with a greenish
fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract quickly becoming reddish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for£. grandiflora 0.79.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial multiples;
6-8/mm2; (90-) 125-205(-260) µm in tangential diameter; 400-660 µm in
element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate;
circular or oval; 6-8 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct
borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 1220-1570 µm in length;
parenchyma present (bands connecting the axial canals; generally wide,
mostly 3-8, sometimes 1-4 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per
parenchyma strand.
heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells (procumbent cells
not very elongated, individual ray cell height generally over 30 µm which
is unusual for species of Leguminosae); 6-8 per mm; 2-3(-4) cells wide;
410-870 µm in height. Sheath cells absent (often square and slightly
elongated cells along sides of rays). Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (mostly 10+) chains in chambered axial
parenchyma (chains generally at the boundary of the fibrous tissue and
also next to rays); occasionally to rarely in the ray cells of E. grandiflora;
one crystal per cell or chamber. Axial canals approximately 80-120 µm in
diameter, frequently in long tangential lines.
Material studied
E. grandiflora
French Guiana: Benoist 1595, Thiel 547, 548 & 558; Guyana: GTw 3341, Polak 235
E. jenmanii
Guyana: SJRw 5119; Suriname: Stahel 334, Uw 11546
E. schomburgkiana
French Guiana: Lescure Orstom 746; Guyana: FDBG 3380
86
24. Epentagrandiflora (Aublet) Benth.

24a. Eperuajenmanii Oliver
24b. Epentaschomburgkiana Benth.
87
25. Eperua rubiginosa Miq. Watapa

Vernacular names Watafa, Watapa, Water wallaba
Colour Heartwood dull reddish brown; resin produces darker streaks;
sapwood (2-12 cm) greyish white and distinct from heartwood
colour.
·Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract
somewhat reddish brown. Ethanol extract occasionally with a
greenish fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract quickly
becoming reddish brown.
parenchyma present (bands connecting the axial canals; generally
wide, mostly 3-8, sometimes 1-4 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 2-
heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells
(procumbent cells not very elongated, individual ray cell height
generally over 30 µm which is unusual for species of
Leguminosae); 6-8 per mm; 2(-3) cells wide; 585-790 µm in
height. Sheath cells absent (often square and slightly elongated
cells along sides of rays). Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (mostly 10+) chains in
chambered axial parenchyma (chains generally at the boundary of
the fibrous tissue and next to rays); one crystal per cell or
chamber. Axial canals approximately 80-120 µm in diameter,
frequently in long tangential lines.
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 219, Thiel 574
Guyana GTw 2400, Polak 218, A.C. Smith 2741
88
25. Eperua rubiginosa Miq.
89
26. Escltweilera alata A.C. Smith Guava-skin kakaralli
Vernacular names Guava-skin kakaralli, Kakaralli, Okoromai, Tekr�ma
Colour Heartwood pale or dull greyish brown to yellow brown and dark
brown; sapwood (2-10 cm) light grey or greenish brown and
negative.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for E. parviflora (similar to E.
a/ata) 0.88.
2
multiples; 3-4/mm ; (90-) 130-185(-230) µm in tangential
intervessel pits in size and shape (sometimes with two distinct
sizes of pits in the same cell, one pit type simple, large, round,
oval, or scalariform and the other pit type bordered like intervessel
pits); nonvestured. Tyloses thin- to thick-walled and common
(occasional sclerotic tyloses in FDBG 2560).
Fibres Fibres non-septate; very thick-walled; 1150-1625 µm in length;
pits simple to minutely bordered (often on radial wall, rare on
tangential walls).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma rarely scanty to absent. Banded
parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide (bands
mostly 1-2 cells wide, approximately 5-9 per mm); reticulate.
Marginal banded parenchyma present, or absent (marginal bands
not easily recognized, often straighter and thinner (mostly 1-2
cells wide)). Axial parenchyma 6-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly homocellular, typically procumbent to heterocellular,
one row of upright and/or square cells; 11-12 per mm; ( 1-)2(-3)
cells wide (nearly uniseriate in FDBG 2564); 350-680 µm in
Special Characters Crystals absent. Silica bodies up to 20 µm in diameter in the rays
cells.
Material studied
Guyana FDBG 2560 & 2564, Polak 162 & 50 I , Tillett & Tillett 45825
90
26. Esclnveilera aIata A.C. Smith
91
27. Eschweilera decolorans Sandw. Smooth-leaf kakaralli

27a. Eschweilera coriacea (A. DC.) S. Mori Smooth-leaf kakaralli
27b. Eschweilera parvijlora (Aublet) Miers Fine smooth-leaf kakaralli
27c. Eschweilera wachenheimii (Benoist) Sandw. Fine-leaf kakaralli
Vernacular na mes Akurima, Fine-leaf kakaralli (E. wachenheimii), Fine-smooth-leaf
kakaralli (E. parv!flora), Kwateri, Kwatru (E. decolorans)
Colour Heartwood pale or dull greyish brown to yellow brown and dark brown;
sapwood (2-10 cm) light grey or greenish brown and similar to heartwood
colour.
colourless to shades of brown. Froth test positive, or negative.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for E. coriacea 0.86.
(sometimes to 4(-6), rarely tangential multiples of 2-3); 2-5/mm2;
(90-)135-235(-285) µm in tangential diameter; 510-725 µm in element
length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or
oval; (7-)8-9 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders,
similar to intervessel pits in size and shape (sometimes with two distinct
sizes of pits in the same cell, one pit type simple, large, round, oval, or
scalariform and the other pit type bordered like intervessel pits);
nonvestured. Tyloses thin- to thick-walled and common (occasional
sclerotic tyloses in Polak 104) .
Fibres Fibres non-septate; very thick-walled; 1300-1875 µm in length; pits simple
to minutely bordered (often on radial wall, rare on tangential walls).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma rarely scanty to absent. Banded parenchyma in
narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide (bands mostly 1-2 cells wide,
approximately 5-9 per mm); reticulate. Marginal banded parenchyma
present, or absent (marginal bands not easily recognized, often straighter
and thinner (mostly 1-2 cells wide)). Axial parenchyma 6-8 cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly homocellular, typically procumbent to heterocellular, one row
of upright and/or square cells; 11-12(-14) per mm; (1-)2(-3) cells wide;
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, when present, crystals in very long (2o+)
chains in chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber.
Silica bodies up to 20 µm in diameter in the rays cells.
Material studied
E. decolorans
Guyana FDBG 348, 2561 & 2563, Polak 57, 104 & 371
E. coriacea
French Guiana BAFOG 76, Mori & Pipoly 15540, Petrov 202
Suriname Stahel 136a & 319
E. wachenheimii
Guyana FDBG 3632
92
27. Eschwei/era decolorans Sandw.

27a. Eschweilera coriacea (A. DC.) S. Mori
27b. Eschweilera parviflora (Aublet) Miers
27c. Eschweilera wachenheimii (Benoist) Sandw.
93
28. Eschweilera sagotiana Miers Common black kakaralli

28a. Eschweilera pedicellata (L.C. Rich.) S. Mori Kakaralli
28b. Eschweilera subglandulosa (Steud. ex 0. Berg) Miers Black kakaralli
Vernacular names Black kakaralli, (£. subglandulosa), Common black kakaralli, Kakaralli
(E. pedicellata), Kwateri, Kwatu, POkO, Prukoi, Tamad (E. sagotiana).
Colour Heartwood pale or dull greyish brown to yellow brown and dark brown;
sapwood (2-10 cm) light grey or greenish brown and similar to heartwood
colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for E. subglandulosa 0.87.
(sometimes to 4(-5)); 2-7/mm2; (100-)140-230(-330) µm in tangential
diameter; 500-675 µm in element length. Perforation plates simple.
lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 7-9 µm in diameter; vessel-ray
pitting with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape
(sometimes with two distinct sizes of pits in the same cell, one pit type
simple, large, round, oval, or scalariform and the other pit type bordered
like intervessel pits); nonvestured. Tyloses thin- to thick-walled and
common.
to minutely bordered (often on radial wall, rare on tangential walls).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma rarely scanty to absent. Banded parenchyma in
narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide (bands mostly 1-2 cells wide,
approximately 5-9 per mm); reticulate. Marginal banded parenchyma
present, or absent (marginal bands not easily recognized, often straighter
and thinner (mostly 1-2 cells wide)). Axial parenchyma 6-8 cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly homocellular, typically procumbent to heterocellular, one row
of upright and/or square cells; 9-11 per mm; (1-)2(-3) cells wide; 420-1010
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, when present, crystals in very long (20+)
chains in chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber.
Silica bodies up to 20 µm in diameter in the rays cells.
Material studied
E. sagotiana
French Guiana: Benoist 182, Sabatier 1762; Guyana: FDBG 2556, Navy Proj. 215, Polak 46 & 105
E. pedicellata
French Guiana: BAFOG 67; Guyana: A.C. Smith 2490, 3206 & 3162, FDBG 2321; Suriname: Stahel
45a
E. subglandulosa
Guyana: FDBG 0362; Venezuela: Breteler 5022, 5097 & 5099
94
28. Eschweilera sagotiana Miers

28a. Eschweilera pedice/lata (L.C. Rich.) S. Mori
28b. Eschwei/era subglandu/osa (Stcud. ex 0. Berg) Miers
95
29. Goupia glabra Aublet Kabukalli
Family Celastraceae
Vernacular names Goupi, Kabiuk, Kabukalli, Kupiye, Stinkwood, Waramai
Colour Heartwood light pink or reddish brown to orange brown; sapwood
(3-8 cm) yellowish grey or beige and distinct from heartwood
colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood faintly fluoresces yellowish green, but generally not
fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to
shades of brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
colourless to shades of brown. Chrome azurol-S test positive.
Odour very strong and unpleasant or fetid when fresh, less so
when dry, but still distinct.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels sometimes with smaller (40-90 µm)
vessels, but not of two distinct diameter classes; exclusively
2
solitary; 5-10/mm ; ( 1 05-)135-175(-210) µm in tangential
scalariform; bars widely spaced and sometimes branched;
generally ranging from 4-8 bars (rarely to 12 bars). Intervessel pits
when observed on overlapping vessel element tails and the rare
vessel pair, alternate; circular or oval; 4-6 µm in diameter; vessel
ray pitting with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size
and shape; nonvestured. Deposits in heartwood vessels as seen
with the light microscope, infrequent, when present, colour
reddish brown, generally deposits absent.
and tangential walls. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids present, or
absent.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates. Paratracheal
parenchyma rarely scanty, mostly absent. Axial parenchyma 8-16
Rays Rays heterocellular, more than 4 rows of upright and/or square
cells (sometimes over 1 0 rows, often separate multiseriate portions
linked together with uniseriate extensions); 9-11 per mm; 2-4 cells
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, but often a few in upright and/or
square ray cells, or in chambered upright and/or square ray cells;
Material studied
Brazil: Ducke 66; French Guiana: BAFOG 100, Bertin 3019, Petrov 201, 219 & 220; Guyana:
FDBG 2 1 25, IICAw SGU-14 (tree 37), Polak 67
96
29. Goupia glabra Auble!
97
30. Humiria balsaniifera (Aublet) A. St. Hil. var. ba/samijera Tauroniro
Synonym Humiriajloribunda Mart.

Family Humiriaceae
Vernacular names Bastard bulletwood, Meri, Tauaranru, Tauroniro
Colour Heartwood light grey brown or purplish rose brown to dark
purplish red brown; sapwood light purplish rose or grey brown
and similar to heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent;
extract colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract not
fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown.
2
Vessels (95-
Diffuse-porous. Vessels exclusively solitary; I 0-14/mm ;
. )130-150(-175) µm in tangential diameter; 1430-2050 µm in
element length. Perforation plates scalariform; mostly 8-15
(-25) bars. Intervessel pits when observed on overlapping
vessel element tails and the rare vessel pair, alternate; circular
or oval; 4-6 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct
borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape;
nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled; 1830-
2195 µm in length; pits distinctly bordered and common on
both radial and tangential walls. Vascular or vasicentric
tracheids frequently present.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma diffuse (sometimes approaching diffuse-in
aggregates). Paratracheal parenchyma infrequently scanty to
absent. Axial parenchyma 8-12 cells per parenchyma strand.
cells (sometimes over I 0 rows, often separate multiseriate
8-12 per
portions linked together with uniseriate extensions);
mm; (1-)2 cells wide; 660-1000 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short to long ( 4-16) chains in
Material studied
Colombia MADw 10599
French Guiana BAFOG 228, Normand 540
Guyana FDBG 399 & 2055, GTw 1209, Polak 311
Suriname Stahel 90
98
30. Humiria ba/samifera (Aublet) A. St. Hit. var. balsamifera
99
31. Hyeronima a/chorneoldes Allemao Suradan
Synonym Hyeronima laxiflora (Tul.) Muell. Arg.

Family Euphorbiaceae
Vernacular names Napo, Suradan
Colour Heartwood pale reddish brown to very dark brown with a purplish cast;
sapwood (2-5 cm) greyish to pink brown and similar to heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; mostly ranging from 0.60-0.67.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels exclusively solitary; 4-1 l /mm2; (100-)120-210
(-275) µm in tangential diameter; 730-1300 µm in element length.
Perforation plates mostly simple (rarely to occasionally scalariforrn with 3-
10 bars per perforation plate). Intervessel pits when observed on
overlapping vessel element tails and the rare vessel pair, alternate; circular
or oval; (8-)10-12 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much reduced
borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured.
Tyloses rare in some vessels, but mostly absent. Deposits in heartwood
vessels as seen with the light microscope, not frequent, when present,
colour dark reddish brown, but deposits mostly absent.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 1680-2975 µm in length;
pits distinctly bordered and common on both radial and tangential walls.
Vascular or vasicentric tracheids present.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma sometimes difficult to see with a hand lens, but with a
microscope clearly diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates. Axial parenchyma 4-
Rays Rays heterocellular, more than 4 rows of upright and/or square cells (often
up to I 0 rows, often separate multiseriate portions linked together with
uniseriate extensions); 5-10 per mm; uniseriate rays frequent, multiseriate
rays 2-5(-7) cells wide; 600-1040 µm in height. Sheath cells sometimes
present, but mostly absent. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in upright and/or square ray cells, or in
procumbent ray cells, or in chambered upright and/or square ray cells, or
in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells, or in chambered axial
.
parenchyma (crystals in two chambered upright ray cells and in short (2-8)
chains in axial parenchyma); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Brazil Maguire 51887
French Guiana BAFOG 250, Normand 509, SF 04-B
Guyana Polak 93
Panama Cooper 368 & 537
Suriname Stahel 102, Navy Proj. 557 & 558
100
31. Hyeronima alchomeoides Allemao
IOI
32. Hymenaea courbaril L. Locust

32a. Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber Locust

Vernacular names Kawanari, Locust, Moire, Not, Simiri (H. oblongifolia), Stinking
toe (H. courbaril).
Colour Heartwood light brown to red brown, sometimes with a purplish
tinge; often with dark brown streaks; sapwood (6-12 cm) greyish
white to cream white and distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a strong yellowish fluorescence. Water extract
not fluorescent; extract sometimes reddish brown, but mostly
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract with a greenish
yellow fluorescence; extract colourless to shades of brown.
M ic ro sco pic features

multiples; 2-4/mm2; ( 160-) 195-240(-290) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-10(-11) µm in
vessels as seen with the light microscope, occasional, colour red
brown.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly aliform (rarely confluent);
aliform parenchyma lozenge type (sometimes slightly winged).
Marginal banded parenchyma present (bands 2-6(-8) cells wide).
Axial parenchyma (2-)4(-6) cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly homocellular, typically procumbent (sometimes with
slightly enlarged marginal cells, rarely square or upright);
4-5 per
mm; (2-)3-5(-7) cells wide; 430-645 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Prismatic crystals generally common and in short (mostly 4-8)
chains in chambered axial parenchyma (chains mostly at the
boundary of the fibrous tissue and also next to rays, rarely in the
ray cells of Petrov 131 and BGFD 943); one crystal per cell or
chamber.
Material studied
H. courbaril: F r ench Guiana: Benoist 1576, Petrov 80, 96 & 131; Guyana: Polak 331;
Suriname: Stahel 118
H. oblongifolia: Brazil: Krukoff 6323; French Guiana: BAFOG 214; Guyana: FDBG 943,
Navy Proj. 216, AC. Smith 2813
102
32. Hymenaea co11rbaril L.

32a. Hymenaea ob/ongifolia Huber
103
33. Hymenolohiumjlavum Kleinh. Koraroballi
Family Leguminosae (Papilionoideae).

Vernacular names Atoritan, Darina, Kaserena, Koraroballi, Kotik, Mabinanero
Colour . Heartwood pale brown with pinkish tinge to dark yellow brown;
sapwood light yellowish white to light brown and similar to
heartwood colour, or distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a very pale yellowish green fluorescence to not
fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for H. exce/sum (similar to
H.jlavum) 0.63.
multiples (rarely to occasionally with radial multiples of 4-10 very
small vessels); 1-5/mm 2; (155-)245-285(-370) µm in tangential
simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; mostly 10(-11)
vessels as seen with the light microscope, occasional, colour red
brown (rare whitish deposits in FDBG 3047 as seen with the
naked eye).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliform to confluent (confluent bands
short to long and generally more than 5 cells wide); aliform
parenchyma winged type. Marginal banded parenchyma absent (in
some specimens, rare bands of non-confluent parenchyma appear
straight and less thick (2-4 cells wide) suggesting marginal bands).
Axial parenchyma mostly 4 cells per parenchyma strand.
per mm; (2-)3-5(-6) cells wide; 280-565 µm in height. All rays
storied, or rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied, or storied
structure not observed (in Normand 524 and Stahel 115 most rays
storied; in Polak 296, FDBG 3047, and SF 1178 rays irregularly or
not storied); mostly 2 ray tiers per axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals generally common and in long chains (mostly
(4-)8-16) in chambered axial parenchyma (chains mostly at the
boundary of the fibrous tissue); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana: Normand 524, SF 1178; Guyana: FDBG 3047, Polak 296; Suriname: Stabel
115
104
33. Hymenolobiumjlavum Kleinh.
105
34. Inga alba (Sw.) Willd. Maporokon
Fam ily Leguminosae (Mimosoideae)

Vernacular names Kurang, Kwari, Kwariye, Maporokon, Yokar
Colour Heartwood pinkish brown; often with blurred greenish yellow
streaks; sapwood light brown and similar to heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood sometimes with streaks of faint or pale yellowish
fluorescence (may be due to the presence of bacteria or fungi).
Water extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of
brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to
shades of brown. Froth test often strongly positive.
Microscop ic features
multiples (sometimes to 4(-5)); 1-3/mm2; ( 155-)205-250(-340) µm
in tangential diameter; 380-560 µm in element length. Perforation
plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 7-8(-9)
vessels as seen with the naked eye, occasional to infrequent, when
present, light brown to cream white, or absent (often occluding or
partly occluding the vessel as seen on the transverse section).
Fibres Fibres septate; mostly thin-walled; 1260-1530 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly aliform to confluent; aliform
parenchyma sometimes of the winged type, but mostly lozenge
type. Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 7-10 per mm; mostly 1-
2(-3) cells wide; 255-320 µm in height. Storied structure not
observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, when present, in long ((4-) 8-16)
chains in chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per cell or
chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 160 & 206, SF 06-B
Peru Guttierrez 55 (fl.) 121 (fr.)
106
34. Inga alba (Sw.) Willd.
107
35. Iryanthera lancifolia Ducke Kirikaua

35a. Iryanthera macrophylla Warb. Kirikaua
Family Myristicaceae
Vernacular names Kirikaua, Marbuk, Swamp kirikaua, Weputana
Colour Heartwood pale pinkish brown to shades of orange brown or dark
brown; sapwood variable in width, light brown, and similar to
colourless to shades of brown, or reddish brown. Ethanol extract
not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown, or reddish
brown.
2
multiples; 5- I l/mm ; (70-) I00-140(-170) µm in tangential
rarely simple, about 50-50 scalariform and reticulate; mostly 5-8
(-11) bars. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-I0(-12) µm
in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses
thin-walled and not common, or absent.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; mostly thin-walled; 1510-1980 µm in length;
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma occasionally scanty, but mostly absent.
Marginal (or seemingly marginal) banded parenchyma present
(bands 2-4 cells wide, very irregularly spaced). Axial parenchyma
4-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays mostly heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells
(sometimes 5 rows); 7-9 per mm; 1-2 cells wide (nearly uniseriate
in some specimens); 470-640 µm in height. Storied structure not
observed.
Special Characters Crystals absent. Tanniniferous tubes present.
Material studied
I. /ancifolia
Guyana Navy Proj. 237, Polak 146 & 282
I. macrophylla
Brazil Krukoff 7178
Guyana Aitken 975, FDBG 76
Peru LI. Williams 4817
108
35. lryanthera lancifo/ia Ducke

35a. lryanthera macrophyffa Warb.
109
36. Jacaranda copaia (Aublet) D. Don Futui
Family Bignoniaceae
Vernacular names Aku, Futui, Kopaia, Pasa, Phootee
Colour Heartwood yellowish or pinkish white to buff or cream; sapwood
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity low to medium; average 0.36.
multiples; 2-4(-7)/mm 2; (115-)160-250(-320) µm in tangential
simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-10 µm in
intervessel pits in size and shape; nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; very thin-walled to thin-walled; 1100-1250 µm
in length; pits simple to minutely bordered (numerous only on the
radial walls).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma sometimes in short confluent bands, but
mostly aliform; aliform parenchyma winged type. Axial
parenchyma 4-8(-10) cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 5-7 per mm; 2-3 cells
Special Characters Crystals absent.
Material studied
Colombia Cabrera 40, Cuatrecasas 15264
French Guiana BAFOG 1, Petrov 91, 107 & 108
Guyana Polak 15, A.C. Smith 3474
110
36. Jacaranda copaia (Aublet) D. Don
lll
37. Laetia procera (Poeppig) Eichler Warakairo
Fa m ily Flacourtiaceae
Vernacular names Bastard kabukalli, Murewa, Warakairo, Watuwai
Colour Heartwood pale yellowish brown; sapwood pale yellowish white
and similar to heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average 0. 71.
Fibres Fibres septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled; 1850-2650 µm
in length; pits simple to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare.
cells (sometimes up to 10 rows, often separate multiseriate
portions linked together with uniseriate extensions; uniseriate rays
and uniseriate extensions mostly with square or short upright cells;
sometimes square cells also in body of ray along the side looking
like sheath cells); 9-11 per mm; 3-5(-7) cells wide; 1800-4550 µm
Special Characters Prismatic crystals mostly in upright and/or square ray cells (rarely
in the procumbent cells); druses occasionally in ray parenchyma
cells, or absent (always in the uniseriate extensions; sometimes
druses stalked and in "paired" ray cells); one crystal per cell or
chamber.
Material studied
Brazil Irwin et al 48294, Krukoff 8281, Maguire 51753
French Guiana BAFOG 54, ONF 16-43
Guyana FDBG 917, Polak 118, 137 & 236
Honduras Haufe 12
Peru Jenssen 43 (fl.) Lao 10 I (fr.)
112
37. laetia procera (Poeppig) Eichler
1 13
38. Lecythis confertijlora (A.C. Smith) S. Mori Wirimiri
Synonym Eschweilera confertiflora A.C. Smith

Vernacular names Wirimiri
Colour Heartwood dark red brown; sapwood greyish or light brown to
somewhat yellow brown and distinct from heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Froth test strongly to
weakly positive, or negative.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for l. pisonis (similar to l.
confertiflora) 0.88.
multiples (sometimes to 6); 2-7/mm2; (110-)140-205(-265) µm in
plates simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; ·8-10 µm
pits); nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and common.
simple to minutely bordered (often on radial wall, rare on
tangential walls).
one row of upright and/or square cells; 10-12 per mm; mostly 2-3
cells wide; 390-595 µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, when present, crystals in very
long (15+) chains in chambered axial parenchyma, or absent; one
crystal per cell or chamber. Silica bodies up to 20 µm in diameter
in the rays cells.
Material studied
Brazil Irwin et al 48314
French Guiana BAFOG 266, Mori & Pipoly 15456 & 15568
Guyana FDBG 2557 & 4806, Polak 279
1 14
38. lecythis confertif/ora (A.C. Smith) S. Mori
115
39. Lecythis corrugata Poit. Win a
Synonym Eschweilera corrugata (Poit.) Miers

Vernacular names Wina, Wina kakaralli
Colour Heartwood red brown; sapwood greyish or beige to yellow white
and distinct from heartwood colour.
2
multiples (sometimes to 6); 3-5/mm ; (65-)140-180(-260) µm in
plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; (7-)8-10
sizes of pits in the· same cell, one pit type simple, large, round,
tangential walls).
Marginal banded parenchyma present. or absent (marginal bands
one row of upright and/or square cells; 9-11 per mm; mostly 2(-3)
long (40+) chains in chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per
cell or chamber. Silica bodies up to 20 µm in diameter in the rays
cells.
Material studied
Brazil Rosa 1068
French Guiana BAFOG 83, Benoist 218
Guyana FDBG 2579, Polak 174 & 264, A.C. Smith 2332 & 2641
Venezuela Marcano-Berti 131, Zabala 98
1 16
39. lecythis corrugata Poit.
117
40. Lecytlzis zabucajo Aublet Monkey Pot
Synonym Lecythis davisii Sandw.

Vernacular names Kume, Monkey pot, Wadaduri
Colour Heartwood red brown; sapwood greyish or cream to yellowish
white and distinct from heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average 0.82
multiples (sometimes to 6); 4-7/mm 2; (90-)135-255(-335) µm in
tangential walls).
one row of upright and/or square cells; 6-10 per mm; mostly 2-3
long (30+) chains in chambered axial parenchyma; one crystal per
cell or chamber. Silica bodies scattered, up to 50 µm in diameter
in the rays cells.
Material studied
Brazil Irwin & Westra 47170
French Guiana BAFOG 158 & 305, Sabatier 1470
Guyana FDBG 330 & 3237, Maguire 40551
Venezuela Conejos 73
118
40. lecythis zabucajo Aublet
119
41. Licania alba (Bernoulli) Cuatr. Kautaballi

41a. Licania laxijlora Fritsch Kauta
41b. Licania majuscu/a Sagot Kautaballi
Synonym Licania venosa Rushy (41)

Family Chrysobalanaceae
Vernacular names Countaballi, Counter, Farsha (L. majuscu/a), Kauada, Kaudanaro,
Kauta, (L. laxiflora), Kautaballi (L. alba, L. majuscula), Maiuarai
(L. alba), Tokor
Colour Heartwood brown to yellow brown and sometimes with a pinkish
or reddish tinge; sapwood light brown or tan and generally distinct
from heartwood colour (sometimes not well demarcated).
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels sometimes of two distinct diameter
classes, wood not ring-porous, or not of two distinct diameter
classes; exclusively solitary; 2-4/mm2; {115-)180-245(-300) µm in
plates simple. lntervessel pits when observed on overlapping
oval; (7-)8-9(-10) µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much
reduced borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical
(often vertical); nonvestured. Tyloses thin- or thick-walled,
common and often sclerotic.
pits distinctly bordered and common on both radial and tangential
walls. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids present.
Parenchyma Banded parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells
wide (bands mostly 1-2 cells wide, slightly sinuous); reticulate.
Axial parenchyma often over 15 cells per parenchyma strand.
(procumbent cells very short to nearly square); 10-14 per mm;
observed.
Special Characters Crystals absent. Silica bodies abundant, up to 20 µm in diameter
in the rays cells.
Material studied
L. alba: Guyana: Polak 43, 66 & 257; Venezuela: Breteler 3850
L. laxiflora: Guyana: FDBG 3756
L. majuscula: French Guiana BAFOG 62, 77 & 215, Benosit 180; Guyana: A.C. Smith 3095
120
41. Licania alba (Bernoulli) Cuatr.

4 la. Licania laxiflora Fritsch
41b. Licania majuscula Sagot
121
42. Licaria cannella (Meisner) Kosterm. Brown silverballi
Synonym Acroc/idium canne/la Meisner

Licaria cayennensis (Meisner) Kostenn.
Family Lauraceae
Vernacular names Brown silverballi, Kamarai, Kharemero shiruballi, Tiniari,
Wabaima
Colour Heartwood yellow brown, turning dark brown with a red or violet
tinge on exposure; sapwood (2-5 cm) light yellow brown and
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract very weak in some
specimens, but generally not fluorescent; extract colourless to
shades of brown. Ethanol extract very weak in some specimens,
but generally not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of
brown. Odour pleasant and distinct to indistinct or absent. Splinter
burns to charcoal.
multiples; 5-l 1/mm2; (100-)120-185(-230) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; (I0-)12-14 µm
thin-walled, common and often sclerotic.
Fibres Fibres septate; very thick-walled; 1370-1790 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma slightly aliform, or vasicentric
(sometimes confluent between close vessels); aliform parenchyma
lozenge type. Axial parenchyma 4-6(-8) cells per parenchyma
strand.
per mm; mostly 2 cells wide (only occasionally to 3); 4!0-565 µm
Special Characters Crystals absent. Oil cells frequent and associated with ray and
axial parenchyma (mostly in the ray margins, generally twice or
more as high as marginal cells).
Material studied
Brazil Ducke 292
French Guiana Benoist 1568, Petrov I06, Thiel 446 & 476
122
42. Licaria cannella (Meisner) Kosterrn.
123
43. Loxopterygium sagotii Hook.f. Hububalli
Family Anacardiaceae
Vernacular names Aupar, Hububalli, Kwipari, Kwipariye
Colour Heartwood pink or orange brown; often with copper coloured,
narrow or wide irregular streaks; sapwood (5-8 cm) pale yellow or
greyish white and more or less distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a yellowish fluorescence. Water extract not
fluorescent; extract orange brown, colourless to shades of brown,
or reddish brown. Ethanol extract with a green to yellowish green
fluorescence; extract orange brown, colourless to shades of brown,
or reddish brown.
multiples; I 0 13/mm2; (75-)120-140(-2!0) µm in tangential
-

simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 8- IO µm in
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical (often round to oval);
nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and common.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 970-1190 µm in
extremely rare. Axial parenchyma when present, mostly 4 cells
per parenchyma strand.
(rarely with 2 rows); 5-7 per mm; mostly 2 cells wide (rarely 3);
Special Characters Prismatic crystals rarely to frequently in upright and/or square ray
cells; one crystal per cell or chamber. Radial canals commonly
present (generally in rays 3-5(-7) cells wide; canals 30-60 µm in
diameter).
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 198
Guyana Navy Proj. 29, 211 & 212, Polak 306 & 309
Suriname Stabel 81
124
43. Loxopterygium
. sagotii Hook.f.
125
44. Manilkara bidelitata (A. DC.) Chev. Bulletwood
Family Sapotaceae
Vernacular names Balata, Balata burue, Beefwood, Bulletwood, Bully tree, Iriar,
Kobero, Purue
Colour Heartwood light to dark red brown changing to brown or dark
chocolate brown; sapwood (3-5 cm) pale grey brown or pinkish
brown and distinct from heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Froth test strongly positive.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels sometimes in diagonal and/or radial
pattern (more of a tendency toward a short radial pattern); solitary
and in short (mostly 2-3) radial multiples (occasionally some
clusters); 15-22/mm2; (60-)80-155(-180) µm in tangential
thin-walled and common (occasionally sclerotic in denser
specimens).
wide (bands mostly (1-)2(-3) cells wide, approximately 4-7 per
mm); reticulate. Axial parenchyma mostly 8 cells per parenchyma
strand.
Rays Rays mostly heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells
(sometimes up to 6 rows); 8-9 per mm; 2(-3) cells wide; 350-800
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short (mostly 4-8) chains in
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 263, Petrov 212, 224, & 225
Guyana Conservator of Forests s.n., FDBG 54, Navy Proj. 204 & 206,
Polak 308 & 317
Suriname Stabel 4
126
44. Mani/kara bidentata (A. DC.) Chev.
127
45. Mora exce/sa Benth. Mora

Vernacular names Mora, Mora-yek, Parakaua
Colour Heartwood dark brown to reddish or slightly yellowish brown;
sometimes with beige or brown streaks, or without streaks;
sapwood (up to 15 cm) light yellowish or pinkish grey and distinct
from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a faint to light yellowish fluorescence, or not
fluorescent. Water extract with a very faint greenish fluorescence,
brown, or reddish brown. Ethanol extract with a faint greenish
fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of
brown,.or reddish brown. Froth test strongly positive.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium to high; average 0. 78.
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; mostly 4 µm in
vessels as seen with the naked eye, frequent, colour cream to
white (occasionally with reddish brown deposits as seen with the
light microscope).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly aliform to confluent (confluent
short and less frequent than in M. gonggrijpii); aliform
parenchyma lozenge type. Marginal (or seemingly marginal)
banded parenchyma sporadically present (bands mostly
uniseriate). Axial parenchyma mostly 4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent (marginal cells
sometimes slightly enlarged); 6-7 per mm; 2-3 cells wide; 270-465
Material studied
Guyana Navy Proj. 554 & 556, Polak 324 & 610, A.C. Smith 3399
Suriname Stahel 2a
Trinidad Forest Dept. s.n
128
45. Mora excelsa Benth.
129
46. Mora gonggrijpU (Kleinh.) Sandw. Morabukea

Vernacular names Morabukea. Parakwai
Colour Heartwood dark brown to reddish or slightly yellowish brown;
sometimes with beige or brown streaks, or without streaks;
sapwood (up to 15 cm) light yellowish or pinkish grey and distinct
from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a faint to light yellowish fluorescence, or not
fluorescent. Water extract with a very faint greenish fluorescence,
brown, or reddish brown. Ethanol extract with a faint greenish
fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of
brown, or reddish brown. Froth test strongly positive.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium to high; average 0. 78.
multiples; 5-l l/mm2; (85-)115-185(-230) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; mostly 4 µm in
vessels as seen with the naked eye, frequent, colour cream to
white (occasionally with reddish brown deposits as seen with the
light microscope).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly aliform to confluent (confluent
short and more frequent than in M. excelsa); aliform parenchyma
lozenge type. Marginal (or seemingly marginal) banded
parenchyma sporadically present (bands mostly uniseriate). Axial
parenchyma mostly 4 cells per parenchyma strand.
sometimes slightly enlarged); 6-7 per mm; many uniseriates, but
mostly 2 cells wide (sometimes to 3, rarely to 4); 330-410 µm in
Material studied
Guyana Aitken 980, Gill 14, Polak 216 & 312
Suriname Stahel 192, Welvaartsfonds 57, WIBw 1057
130
46. Mora gonggrijpii (Kleinh.) Sandw.
131
47. Moronobea coccinea Aublet Manniballi
Family Guttiferae
Vernacular names Manniballi, Morombo-rai
Colour Heartwood brown to yellow brown; sapwood (3-5 cm) light
yellow and similar to heartwood colour, or distinct from
heartwood colour.
not fluorescent; extract yellowish brown.
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 10-12(-14) µm
thin-walled and common.
Parenchyma Banded parenchyma in wide bands more than three cells wide
(bands mostly (2-)3-4 cells wide, approximately 3(-4) per mm).
row of upright and/or square cells (marginal cells slightly enlarged
or square); 8-11 per mm; (1-)2 cells wide; 600-775 µm in height.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals sparse in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells
(very rare in ray cells); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana Normand 732, SF I, Thiel 576 & 688
Guyana FDBG 164 & 382, Gill 13, A.C. Smith 2964
132
Anatom·icaI Descriptions
47· Moronobea coccinea Aublet
133
48. Ocotea canalicu/ata (Rich.) Mez White silverballi

48a. Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez Kurahara silverballi
48b. Ocotea oblonga (Meisner) Mez Soft kereti
48c. Ocotea wachenheimii Benoist Hard kereti
Family Lauraceae
Vernacular names Dolly pear (0. g/omerata), Hard kereti (0. wachenheimii), Hariraro
shiruballi, Heburu, !Ieng, Kurahara silverballi, Sawariskin silverballi, Soft
kereti (0. oblonga, 0. wachenheimi1), White silverballi (0. canaliculata)
Colour Heartwood very pale brown to cream or beige; sapwood (3-6 cm) pinkish
grey and similar to heartwood colour, or distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a very weak greenish yellow fluorescence, but generally
not fluorescent. Water extract with a very faint blue fluorescence, but
generally not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol
extract with a very faint blue fluorescence, but generally not fluorescent;
extract colourless to shades of brown. Splinter bums to full ash; colour
often black or white to grey.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity low to medium; average for 0. oblonga and 0.
glomerata 0.36 and 0.55, respectively.
(sometimes to 6 or 7); 6-10/mm2; (95-)130-185(-220) µm in tangential
diameter; 500-890 µm in element length. Perforation plates simple.
Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 10-12(-14) µm in diameter;
vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits
horizontal to vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and common.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; I 000-1350 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma present to absent or extremely rare. Paratracheal
parenchyma very scanty. Axial parenchyma 3-4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells; 4-6 per mm; 2-
3 cells wide; 345-580 µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Crystals absent Oil cells common and associated with ray and axial
parenchyma (mostly in the ray margins, generally twice or more as high as
marginal cells; not common in axial parenchyma).
Material studied
0. canalicu/ata
Brazil: Krukoff 1889; Guyana: FDBG 2411, Polak 400 & 580; Venezuela: Wurdack & Monachino 45
0. glomerata
French Guiana: BAFOG 74, 122 & 284, Benoist 1613; Guyana: FDBG 4042
0. oblonga
French Guiana: Melinon 99, Petrov 103, SF 98; Guyana: GTw 3465
0. wachenheimii
French Guiana: BAFOG 200, SF 1159; Guyana: FDBG 4508; Suriname: Stahel I 96
134
48. Ocotea canaliculata (Rich.) Mez

48a. Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez
48b. Ocotea ob/onga (Meisner) Mez
48c. Ocotea wachenheimii Benoist
135
49. Ocotea rubra Mez Determa
Synonym Nectandra rubra (Mez) Allen

Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff
Family Lauraceae
Vernacular names Baaka, Determa, Teteruma, Wanu
Colour Heartwood pinkish or reddish brown, becoming brown with age;
sapwood (2-6 cm) greyish to yellowish and distinct from
heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a very weak greenish yellow fluorescence, but
generally not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract with a very faint
blue fluorescence, but generally not fluorescent; extract colourless
to shades of brown.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern, or
without specific pattern; solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; (13-)14-16 µm
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical, or vessel-ray pitting
with much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits rounded or
angular; nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and common.
Fibres Fibres septate; mostly thick-walled; 1550-2000 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma occasionally diffuse. Paratracheal parenchyma
predominately scanty (sometimes slightly aliform and sometimes
confluent between close vessels). Axial parenchyma 4(-8) cells
per parenchyma strand.
(sometimes with a tendency toward the homocellular condition);
4-6 per mm; 2-3 cells wide; 500-750 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Crystals absent. Oil cells very abundant and associated with axial
parenchyma and present among fibres (often in vertical chains of
2-6(-8) oil cells).
Material studied
French Guiana Petrov 23, 49, 72, 171 & 182
Guyana FDBG 222 & 223, GTw 274
Suriname Stabel 35
136
49. Ocotea rubra Mez
137
50. Ocotea tomentella Sandw. Baradan
Family Lauraceae
Vernacular names Baradan, Yaneau
Colour Heartwood greenish yellow with golden brown or grey overtones;
sapwood (1-3 cm) light brown or beige and distinct from
heartwood colour.
· Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a very weak greenish yellow fluorescence, but
generally not fluorescent. Water extract with a very faint blue
fluorescence, but generally not fluorescent; extract colourless to
shades of brown. Ethanol extract with a very faint blue
fluorescence, but generally not fluorescent; extract colourless to
shades of brown.
multiples; mostly 4/mm2; 190 µm in tangential diameter; 790 µm
in element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits
with much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to
vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and common.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 1480 µm in length; pits
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma present to absent or extremely rare.
Paratracheal parenchyma very scanty. Axial parenchyma 4(-8)
per mm; 2-3 cells wide; 590-690 µm in height. Storied structure
not observed.
Special Characters Crystals absent. Oil cells common and associated with ray and
axial parenchyma (mostly in the ray margins, generally twice or
more as high as marginal cells; not common in axial parenchyma).
Material studied
138
Ana/omical Descriplions
50. Oco/ea /omenlella Sandw.
139
51. Ormosia coccinea (Aublet) B.D. Jackson Barakaro

Vernacular names Barakaro, Epir rik, Jumbi bead tree, Lucky seed
Colour Heartwood dark brown to reddish brown; sapwood (4-5 cm)
cream or yellowish and distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a very faint yellow fluorescence, but generally
not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to
multiples (rarely with small vessels up to 4 or 5); l-2/mm2;
element length. Perforation plates simple. lntervessel pits
alternate; circular or oval; (9-)10-12 µm in diameter; vessel-ray
shape; vestured. Deposits in heartwood vessels as seen with the
light microscope, occasional, colour red brown.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliforrn to confluent; aliforrn
parenchyma lozenge type. Marginal banded parenchyma generally
indistinct or absent (rarely a few very fine bands). Axial
(sometimes with 2 or 3 rows); 4-6 per mm; mostly 2 cells wide;
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short or long ( 4-16) chains in
Material studied
Suriname Stabel 357
140
SI. Ormosia coccinea (Aublet) B.D. Jackson
141
52. Ormosia coutinhoi Ducke Korokororo

Vernacular names Crook, Horse-eye, Korokororo, Korongpinbiu, Wanaka
Colour Heartwood dark brown to yellowish or pinkish brown; sapwood
pale brown or cream and distinct from heartwood colour.
vessels absent (rarely orange or reddish brown deposits as seen
with the light microscope).
parenchyma lozenge type. Axial parenchyma 2-4 cells per
parenchyma strand.
(sometimes with 2 or 3 rows); 4-6 per mm; mostly 2-3(-4) cells
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short or long (4-16) chains in
Material studied
Brazil Ducke 352
French Guiana BAFOG 73, 142 & 212
Guyana Polak 234
Suriname Stahel 251, W.S. 1025 (SJRw 49764)
142
52. Ormosia co11tinhoi Ducke
143
53. Parahancorniafasciculata (Lam.) Benoist Duka Ii
Synonym Parahancornia amapa (Huber) Duke

Family Apocynaceae
Vernacular names Amapa, Dukali
Colour Heartwood beige to cream or slightly pinkish; sapwood similar to
heartwood colour.
multiples; 6-l l/mm2; (65-)105-125(-150) µm in tangential
in length; pits distinctly bordered (only on the radial wall).
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates. Axial parenchyma 4-8
procumbent, but less elongated); 7-9 per mm; (1-)2 cells wide;
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, when present, crystals in short (4-
12) chains in chambered axial parenchyma (rarely in radial
alignment (4-8 crystals) in procumbent ray cells of BAFOG 104);
one crystal per cell or chamber (sometimes 2 crystals per
chamber). Latex tubes present (slightly larger in diameter than ray
cells, occasionally two in the same ray).
Material studied
Brazil Krukoff 1795, Maguire et al 47511, 51772
French Guiana BAFOG 104, 196 & 293, Thiel 527
144
53. Parahancorniafascicu/ata (Lam.) Benoist
145
54. Parinari campestris Aublet Burada

54a Parinari rodolphii Huber Burada
Family Chrysobalanaceae
Vernacular names Broad-leaved burada, Burada, Bu(hu)rada, Candlewood, Kupisini,
Mahaicaballi, Makarai, Wamuk, Wamuku
Colour Heartwood light brown to pinkish brown, rarely yellowish brown;
sapwood (4 cm) similar to heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium to high; average for P. campestris
0.76.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels sometimes of two distinct diameter
classes, wood not ring-porous, or not of two distinct diameter
2
classes; exclusively solitary; 1-3/mm ; (175-)2!0-410(-520) µm in
plates simple. Intervessel pits when observed on overlapping
oval; 6 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much reduced
borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical (often
vertical); nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and common.
and tangential walls.
wide (bands mostly 1-2 cells wide and 4-5 per mm); reticulate.
Axial parenchyma generally over 10 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells, or
heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells; 11-15 per
mm; exclusively uniseriate; 535-710 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies abundant, up to 20 µm in
diameter in the rays cells (sometimes in axial parenchyma).
Material studied
P. campestris
French Guiana: BAFOG 192, Benoist 270, SF 1119; Suriname: Stabel 84; Venezuela:
Breteler5133
P. rodolphii
Guyana: FDBG 3016; French Guiana: Sabatier-Prevost 2128; Venezuela: Conejos 28
146
54. Parinari campestris Aublet

54a Parinari rodolplrii Huber
147
5 5 . Peltogyne venosa (Yahl) Benth. Purpleheart

Vernacular names Karawai, Koroboreli, Kukwi, Marako, Mok, Purpleheart, Saka
Colour Heartwood brown when freshly cut, quickly turning purple upon
exposure and darkens eventually to dark brown with age and
continued exposure to light; sapwood (3-6 cm) pale pink or
grayish white and distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood of freshly exposed surface with a strong yellowish
fluorescence. Water extract not fluorescent (sometimes with a
faint or weak blue fluorescence); extract colourless to shades of
brown. Ethanol extract with a blue or yellow fluorescence, or not
fluorescent; extract purplish red (wine) or reddish brown. Splinter
bums to full ash; colour bright white.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliform and unilateral paratracheal
(sometimes confluent); aliform parenchyma lozenge type.
(bands 2-4 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in mostly short (4-12) chains in
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 218, Benoist 1625, Petrov 222 & 223, Thiel 687
Guyana FDBG 2077 & 2492
Suriname Stahel 201
148
55. Peltogyne venosa (Yahl) Benth.
149
56. Platonia insignis Mart. Pakuri
Synonym According to the official rules of nomenclature, the name Platania

escu/enta (Arruda) Rickett & Stafleu is also valid
Family Guttiferae
Vernacular names Pakuri, Wild mammee apple
Colour Heartwood pale brown to yellow brown, sometimes with yellow
beige streaks; sapwood (3-6 cm) beige and generally distinct from
heartwood colour.
generally yellowish brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
generally reddish brown.
multiples; l -2/mm2; (120-)190-305(-430) µm in tangential
simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; I 0-14 µm in
walled and common. Deposits in heartwood vessels as seen with
the naked eye, sometimes present, colour sulfur yellow.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; mostly very thick-walled; 2350-3000 µm in
(bands mostly 3-6 cells wide, approximately 2-3 per mm). Axial
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent, or heterocellular, one
row of upright and/or square cells; 6-9 per mm; 2-3 cells wide;
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, when present, crystals in non
chambered axial parenchyma cells (rarely in two chambered axial
parenchyma cells); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana Bertin 3028, Petrov 61, 75, 144, 178 & 179
Guyana FDBG 3188
Suriname SJRw 4181
150
56. P/atonia insignis Mart.
151
57. Pouter/a cusp/data (A. DC.) Baehni Kokoritiballi
Synonym Pouteria dura Eyma

Neoxythece dura (Eyma) Aubr. & Pellegr.
Family Sapotaceae
Vernacular names Bastard kokoritiballi, Courouitaballi, Kokoritiballi
Colour Heartwood brown to pinkish or reddish brown; sapwood mostly light
brown and somewhat distinct from heartwood colour, or similar to
heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for P. egregia and P. eugeniifo/ia
(similar to P. cuspidata) 0.88 and 1.08, respectively.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern (generally a short
radial pattern); solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial multiples and
commonly in radial multiples of 4 or more (sometimes up to 7); 6-8/mm2;
(60-)120-200(-235) µm in tangential diameter; 660-1060 µm in element
length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or
oval; 6-8 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses mostly
thin-walled and infrequent to common and often sclerotic (especially in the
denser specimens).
to minutely bordered. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids not common, but
present.
Parenchyma Banded parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide (bands
mostly 1-2 cells wide, approximately 4-5 per mm); reticulate. Axial
parenchyma mostly over 12 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells, or
(occasionally up to JO rows, sometimes separate multiseriate portions
linked together with uniseriate extensions); JO.13 per mm; 1-2 cells wide
(uniseriate rays abundant and sometimes only occasionally biseriate in
part); 465-740 µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies abundant, 10-30 µm in diameter in
the rays cells.
Material studied
Brazil Froes 184, 289 & 312, Krukoff 6841
French Guiana Sabatier 1474
Guyana FDBG 3556, Polak 613 & 619
Suriname Maas 10802, Stahel 30 & 307
Venezuela Maguire 41782
152
57. Pouteria cuspidata (A. DC.) Baehni
153
58. Pouteria guianensis Aublet Asepoko
Family Sapotaceae
Vernacular names Asepoko, Common asepoko, Marapasnukri, Ptlyak
Colour Heartwood red brown to dark red brown; sapwood yellow brown
and distinct from heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Froth test negative.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels without specific pattern, or in diagonal
and/or radial pattern (sometimes difficult to recognize the very
short radial pattern); solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial
thin- to thick-walled and common and often sclerotic (especially
in the denser specimens).
pits simple to minutely bordered. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids
not common, but present.
wide (bands mostly 1-2(-3) cells wide, approximately 3-4(-5) per
mm); reticulate. Axial parenchyma mostly over 12 cells per
parenchyma strand.
(occasionally up to 10 rows, sometimes separate multiseriate
portions linked together with uniseriate extensions); 13-14 per
mm; 1-2 cells wide (uniseriate rays abundant and sometimes only
occasionally biseriate in part); 450-630 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies abundant, 20-30 µm in
diameter in the rays cells (mostly in the procumbent cells,
infrequent in the square or upright cells).
Material studied
Brazil Capucho 394
French Guiana Sabatier 1759, BAFOG 1293
Suriname BBSw 1068, Kools 1067, Stahel 9 & 272, Welvaartsfonds 67
154
58. Pouteria guianensis Aublet
155
59. Pouteria speciosa (Ducke) Baehni Suya
Family Sapotaceae
Vernacular names Chuya, Durban pine, Por, Suya
Colour Heartwood light brown or beige; sapwood similar to heartwood
colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity low to medium; ranging from 0.36-0.49.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern; solitary
and in short (mostly 2-3) radial multiples; 2-4/mm2; (100-)130-
170(-245) µm in tangential diameter; 610-840 µm in element
length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate;
circular or oval; 6-7(-8) µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with
much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to
vertical (mostly in the square or upright cells), often in the
procumbent cells vessel-ray pitting smaller and similar to
length; pits simple to minutely bordered. Vascular or vasicentric
tracheids not common, but present.
wide (bands mostly 1-2 cells wide, approximately 5 per mm);
reticulate. Axial parenchyma 4-6(-8) cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells (rarely
to 5 or 6 rows, sometimes separate multiseriate portions linked
together with uniseriate extensions); 7-9 per mm; 2-3 cells wide;
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies frequent, small, mostly 10-
15 µm in diameter in the rays cells.
Material studied
Brazil Museu Goeldi tree 727, Silva 4752
Guyana FDBG 3162, Polak 18, 221 & 566
156
59. Pouteria speciosa (Ducke) Baehni
157
60. Protium decandrum (Aublet) Marchand Kurokai
Family Burseraceae
Vernacular names Common kurokai, Kurokai, Maruwa, Porokai, Waruwai
Colour Heartwood pinkish grey to pinkish brown; sapwood pinkish or
occasionally pale yellow and similar to heartwood colour.
Growth Rings Growth rings indistinct or absent. .
thin-walled and sporadic to common.
extremely rare. Axial parenchyma mostly 4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
(sometimes 2 rows); 5-8 per mm; mostly 2 cells wide (uniseriate
to rarely biseriate in part in FDBG 3402); 250-380 µm in height.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells, or in upright and/or
square ray cells and in chambered upright and/or square ray cells;
one crystal per cell or chamber, or more than one crystal of about
the same size per cell or chamber.
Material studied
Guyana FDBG 3402, Polak 350, SGU 6a (tree 17), five samples from the
Guyana Forestry Commission without numbers
158
60. Protium decandrum (Aublet) Marchand
159
61. Pterocarpus roh'rii Yahl Hill corkwood
Family Leguminosae
Vernacular names Corkwood, Hill corkwood, ltikiboro, Mutushi
Colour Heartwood yellowish to cream or dirty white, sometimes with
traumatic dark brown or purple brown heartwood; sapwood
multiples; 2-IO/mm2; (65-)75-215(-285) µm in tangential
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma somewhat aliform to mostly long
confluent. Banded parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to
three cells wide, or in wide bands more than three cells wide
(bands 2-4(-6) cells wide and joining the vessels); narrow bands
typically reticulate. Marginal banded parenchyma present (bands
1-2 cells wide). Axial parenchyma mostly 2 cells per parenchyma
strand (occasionally fusiform or strands of 3-4 cells).
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 11-15 per mm;
exclusively uniseriate or 1-2 cells wide; 140-230 µm in height. All
rays storied; 4-4.5 ray tiers per axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in mostly short (4-10) chains in
Material studied
Brazil Curran 26 (XXIII), Krukoff 5474
Colombia Dugand 1037 (486) & 99 (262 B.S.)
French Guiana SF 1040
Guatemala Sosa 12
Guyana Polak 305
Nicaragua Shank 21
Venezuela Breteler 3853 & 3956, Conejos 92
160
-
- -�� m icaI Descriptions
na ·
A to�
161
62. Quassia simarouba L.f. Simarupa
Synonym Simarouba amara Aublet

Family Simaroubaceae
Vernacular names Aku, Bitter ash, Guashi, Shirima, Simarupa, Simere, Yaku
Colour Heartwood cream white to straw yellow; sapwood similar to
heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract sometimes with a faint
or weak blue fluorescence, but mostly not fluorescent; extract
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract sometimes with a
faint or weak blue fluorescence, but mostly not fluorescent;
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity low; average 0.35.
parenchyma winged type. Axial parenchyma 4-6 cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 4-6(-7) per mm; 3-5
cells wide; 430-630 µm in height. Mostly all rays storied, or rays
and/or axial elements irregularly storied; 2 ray tiers per axial mm.
axial parenchyma (sometimes in non-chambered cells); one crystal
per cell or chamber. Intercellular canals of traumatic origin
sporadically present (canals imbedded in band of axial
parenchyma).
Material studied
Brazil Capucho 326, Curran 21-129
Colombia Dugand 814 (367)
French Guiana Petrov 9, 93, 102, 180 & 181
Guyana GTw 5881, Polak 307
Panama Kluge 36
Suriname Stabel 17
162
62. Quassia simarouba L.f.
163
63. Sacoglottis guianensis Benth. Sand dukuria
Family Humiriaceae
Vernacular names Dukuria, Huriki, Kotore, Puire, Sand dukuria, Yapopari
Colour Heartwood greyish or pinkish brown to dark reddish or purplish
brown; sapwood light yellow brown to reddish brown and
generally similar to heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Splinter bums to full ash, or
charcoal; colour white to grey.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels exclusively solitary; 8- l 3/mm2; (90-) 130-
165(-210) µm in tangential diameter; 1600-2150 µm in element
length. Perforation plates scalariform; 8-15 bars. Intervessel pits
with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape
(occasionally elongate and unilaterally compound); nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled, or very thick-walled; 1930-2280
and tangential walls. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids present.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates. Axial
parenchyma more than I 0 cells per parenchyma strand.
(occasionally up to 10 rows, sometimes separate multiseriate
portions linked together with uniseriate extensions); 12-14 per
mm; mostly 2 cells wide; 540-680 µm in height. Storied structure
not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies frequent, very small,
mostly less than 12 µm in diameter in the rays cells
Material studied
Suriname Stahel 18, Maguire et al 24836
164
63. Sacoglollis guianensis Benth.
165
64. Schefjlera decaphylla (Seemann) Harms Blunt-leaf karohoro
Synonym SchejJlera paraensis Huber ex Ducke

Family Araliaceae
Vernacular names Blunt-leafkarohoro, Karohoro, Matchwood
Colour Heartwood greyish white to beige white; sapwood similar to
heartwood colour.
negative.
occasionally (10-25%) scalariform to simple; mostly 1-8(-12)
bars. lntervessel pits alternate; sometimes elongate, but mostly
circular or oval; (10-)12-16(-30) µm in diameter; vessel-ray
shape, or vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres septate; very thin-walled to thin-walled; 1405-1940 µm in
extremely rare. Axial parenchyma mostly 4 cells per parenchyma
strand.
per mm; 3-5 cells wide; 550-865 µm in height. Sheath cells rarely
present, mostly absent. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Radial canals present (average lumen
diameter 50-70 µm).
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 140, 189 & 360, Benoist 707
Suriname Stahel 327
166
I I
64. Schejflera decaphy//a (Seemann) Harms
167
65. Schefjlera morototoni (Aublet) Maguire, Pointed-leaf karohoro

Steyerm & Frodin
Synonym Didymopanax morototoni Aublet

Family Araliaceae
Vernacular names Karohoro, Matchwood, Morototo, Pi, Pointed-leaf karohoro,
Pllrnai, Puna
Colour Heartwood greyish white to beige white; sapwood similar to
heartwood colour.
negative.
occasionally (10-25%) scalariform to simple; mostly 1-8(-12)
bars. Intervessel pits alternate; sometimes elongate, but mostly
circular or oval; 12-18(-30) µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting
with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape,
or vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to apparently
simple, pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured.
Fibres Fibres septate; very thin-walled to thin-walled; 1370-2730 µm in
strand.
per mm; 3-5(-7) cells wide; 400-965 µm in height. Sheath cells
rarely present, mostly absent. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Radial canals present (average lumen
diameter 50-70 µm).
Material studied
Colombia Espina & Giacometto A l 2
Cuba Bucher 10
French Guiana CTFTw 22946 & 22950, SF 1136
Guyana FDBG 2928, Polak 91 & 111, A.C. Smith 2477
Suriname Stahel 15
Venezuela Pittier 537
168
Anatomical Descriptio1
65. Schejflera morototoni (Auble!) Maguire, Steyenn & Fredin
169
66. Sclerolobium guianensis Benth. Kaditiri

66a. Sclerolobium micropetalum Ducke Thin-skin kaditiri
Synonym Tachiga/i guianensis (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend. (66)

Tachigali micropetala (Ducke) Zarucchi & Pipoly (66a)
Family · Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae)
Vernacular names Araurama, Kaditiri, Kalili, Kata, Thick-skin kaditiri, Thin-skin
kaditiri, Warnkoam, Yawaredan
Colour Heartwood pale brown to dark brown, ofet n with a pink or yellow
tinge; sapwood (2-7 cm) light brown or greyish and similar to
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a weak to strong yellow fluorescence, or not
fluorescent (especially weak or not fluorescent in S.
micropetalum). Water extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to
shades of brown. Ethanol extract mostly not fluorescent
(sometimes with a weak or faint blue fluorescence); extract
colourless to shades of brown. Splinter burns to charcoal.
multiples (sometimes to 5); 5-10/mm2; (105-)150-215(-305) µm in
plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; (7-)8(-9)
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma scanty, or vasicentric. Marginal banded
parenchyma absent (rarely present in what appears to be traumatic
regions). Axial parenchyma 4(-8) cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 8-9 per mm; mostly
exclusively uniseriate (in part biseriate); 170-300 µm in height.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies in S. guianensis frequent,
mostly 10-15 µm in diameter in the rays cells and absent in S.
micropetalum.
Material studied
S. guianensis
French Guiana: BAFOG 252, SF 1197; Guyana: FDBG 423, Polak 210 & 217; Suriname:
Stahel 89, Maguire et al 55490
S. micropetalum
Guyana: FDBG 331O; Suriname: den Hulster 16, SWF 52 & 56, W.S. 1056
170
66. Sclero/obium guianensis Benth.

66a. Sc/erolobium micropetalum Ducke
171
67. Sterculia rugosti R. Br. Rough-leaf maho

67a. Stercul/a pruriens (Aublet) Schumann Smooth-leaf maho
Family Sterculiaceae
Vernacular names Kara, Maho, Ranai, Rough-leaf maho, Saraurai, Sekerau, Smooth
leaf maho, Y ahu
Colour Heartwood pinkish brown or grey to light reddish brown; sapwood
(10-15 cm) greyish white and similar to heartwood colour, or
extract colourless to shades ofbrown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for S. pruriens 0.54.
multiples; l-4/mm2; (105-)160-270(-325) µm in tangential
walled and common.
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma sometimes difficult to see with a hand lens, but
with a microscope clearly diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates.
Paratracheal parenchyma occasionally short aliform, but mostly
vasicentric. Marginal (or seemingly marginal) banded parenchyma
sporadically present (bands mostly 2-6 cells wide). Axial
parenchyma (2-)4 cells per parenchyma strand.
(sometimes up to 8 rows, uniseriate extensions generally less than
4 cells); 2-3 per mm; (6-)8-14(-16) cells wide; 1650-3500 µm in
height. Sheath cells present. Axial parenchyma, vessel elements,
and/or narrow rays storied (generally 2-2.5 tiers per mm), wide
rays not storied.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals generally not common, but present in upright
and/or square ray cells, or in procumbent ray cells, or in non
chambered axial parenchyma cells; one crystal per cell or
chamber. Intercellular canals of traumatic origin very rare, mostly
absent.
Material studied
S. rugosa: Colombia: Mariaux 1039; Ecuador: Little 627
S. pruriens: French Guiana: Petrov 90, 94 & 127; Guyana: FDBG 3121, Polak 301, Persaud
30
172
67. Stercu/ia nigosa R. Br.

67a. Sterculia pruriens (Aublet) Schumann
173
68. Swartzia bentliamiana Miq. Itikiboroballi

68a. Swartzia sprucei Benth. Itikiboroballi
68b. Swartz/a xantliopeta/a Sandw. Itikiboroballi

Vernacular names ltikiboroballi, Morompo, Okraprabu
Colour Heartwood chocolate brown to pale reddish brown or purplish brown,
occasionally marked with dark olive or purplish brown stripes; sapwood
very wide, yellowish white to nearly white and distinct from heartwood
colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract with a weak blue fluorescence,
or not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown (sometimes
weakly reddish brown). Ethanol extract with a bright blue fluorescence;
extract reddish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity mostly high; average for S. benrhamiana 0.78.
Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels solitary and in short (mostly 2-3) radial multiples;
2-5/mm2 (up to 6-7 in S. xanthopetala); (90-)125-180(-240) µm in
tangential diameter ((75-)100(-140) in S. xanthopetala); 380-425 µm in
element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate;
circular or oval; 7-8(-9) µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting with distinct
borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured. Deposits in
heartwood vessels as seen under the light microscope, frequent, colour
yellow brown.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled; 1035-1345 µm in length; pits simple to
minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliform to confluent; aliform parenchyma
winged type. Banded parenchyma in narrow bands or lines, up to three
cells wide, or in wide bands more than three cells wide (bands 2-4 cells
wide and 4-5 per mm); reticulate. Marginal (or seemingly marginal)
banded parenchyma present, or absent (when present, bands appear
straighter than interspersed bands). Axial parenchyma (2- )4 cells per
parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, one row of upright and/or square cells; 13-16 per mm;
exclusively uniseriate in S. benthamiana, 1-2 cells wide in S. sprucei and
S. xanthopetala; 220-325 µm in height. All rays storied; 3-3.5 ray tiers per
axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (10-20) chains in chambered axial
parenchyma; one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
S. benthamiana
French Guiana: BAFOG 108, 221, 232 & 282; Guyana: GTw 3195, Polak 228, SGU 11 (tree 28);
Suriname: Stahel 369
S. sprucei
Guyana: FDBG 3216
S. xanthopetala
Guyana: FDBG 5865, Polak 328 & 354
174
68. Swartzia benthamiana Miq.

68a. Swartzia sprucei Benth.
68b. Swartzia xanthopetala Sandw.
175
69. Swartzia leioca/ycina Benth. Wamara

Vernacular names Awartu, Brown ebony, Clubwood, lronwood, Shiraip, Wamara
Colour Heartwood dark brown or purplish brown to purplish black,
occasionally with dark olive or purplish brown stripes; sapwood
(7-8 cm) yellow to nearly white and distinct from heartwood
colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract with a bluish green
fluorescence; extract colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol
extract with a bright blue fluorescence; extract reddish brown.
multiples; 6-l l/mm 2; (50-)85-115(-170) µm in tangential
vessels as seen under the light microscope, rare to occasional,
colour yellow brown, or absent.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma short to long aliform (only confluent at
the end of the growth ring); aliform parenchyma winged type.
(generally irregularly spaced). Axial parenchyma 2(-3) cells per
parenchyma strand.
per mm; 2-3 cells wide; 250-300 µm in height. All rays storied; 3-
3.5 ray tiers per axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in long (10-20) chains in chambered
Material studied
Guyana FDBG 2650, Maas 5923, Polak 220, 233 & 280, SGU 17 (tree 47)
176
69. Swartzia /eioca/ycina Benth.
177
Mao
j r Timber Trees ofGuyana. Wood Anatomy.
70. Symphonia globulifera L.f. Manni
Family Guttiferae
Vernacular names Buckwax tree, Karamanni, Maitakin, Manni
Colour Heartwood pale brown to yellowish brown, sometimes with a
green or orange tinge; sapwood (2-5 cm) yellowish white and
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a slight or faint yellowish orange fluorescence, or
not fluorescent. Water extract with a faint greenish yellow
fluorescence, or not fluorescent; extract yellowish brown. Ethanol
extract not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown.
intervessel pits in size and shape (occasionally elongated or
unilaterally compound pits); nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and
common.
(bands mostly 3-5 cells wide and mostly linking with vessels,
approximately 3-4 per mm). Axial parenchyma mostly 4 cells per
parenchyma strand.
(sometimes 2 or 3 rows); 7-9 per mm; 2-3(-4) cells wide; 575-
1080 µm in height. Storied structure not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals not common, mostly in non-chambered axial
parenchyma cells (occasional in 2-3 chambered axial parenchyma
cells, sporadic in ray cells); one crystal per cell or chamber.
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 329, Benoist 333, Bertin 3027, Petrov 79 & 95
Guatemala Whitford & Stadtmiller 37
Guyana FDBG 906 & 4858
Panama Pittier 4320
Suriname Stahel 8
178
70. Symphonia globulifera L.f.
179
71. Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandw. var. monophylla Sandw. White cedar
Family Bignoniaceae
Vernacular names Panda, Warakuri, White cedar, Worccori
Colour Heartwood very pale grey brown, sometimes with an olive or
reddish tinge; sapwood similar to heartwood colour.
multiples; 9-l 4/mm2; (85-)110-180(-200) µm in tangential
sporadically foraminate but mostly simple. Intervessel pits
nonvestured.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma vasicentric, or aliform to confluent;
aliform parenchyma lozenge type. Marginal (or seemingly
marginal) banded parenchyma often present. Axial parenchyma
2-4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 5-10 per mm; I (-3)
cells wide; 235-400 µm in height. Rays and/or axial elements
irregularly storied, or storied structure not observed (when
storied, 3-4 tiers per axial mm).
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent; occasionally other crystal types present,
such as styloids, elongate crystals, and/or small crystals; one or
more than one crystal per cell.
Material studied
Brazil Ducke 363
Guyana Aitken 990 & 991, Gill 7, Polak 151 & 569, A.C. Smith 2802
Suriname Stahel 174a
180
71. Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandw. var. monophyl/a Sandw.
181
72. Tabebuia serratifo/ia (Yahl) Nicholson Hakia
Family Bignoniaceae
Vernacular names Arawnig, Aruanin, Hakia, Ironwood, Konawadranup
Colour Heartwood light to dark olive brown to black-brown; sapwood (2-
9 cm) yellowish to pale pinkish brown and distinct from
heartwood colour.
Mi crosco pic features

sporadically foraminate but mostly simple. Intervessel pits
nonvestured. Deposits in heartwood vessels as seen with the naked
eye, common, colour yellow (compound called lapachol).
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma aliform, or confluent, or unilateral
paratracheal; aliform parenchyma lozenge type, or winged type.
(bands very fine, mostly uniseriate, sometimes not continuous).
Axial parenchyma (1-)2(-3) cells per parenchyma strand.
wide; 140-250 µm in height. All rays storied; 3-4 ray tiers per
axial mm.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent.
Material studied
Brazil Curran 16, Pires 3192, Capucho 216
Guyana Polak 535
Suriname Navy Proj. 498, Stahel 10 I
182
72. Tabebuia serratifolia (Valtl) Nicholson
183
73. Talisia squarrosa Radlk. Moroballi
Family Sapindaceae
Vernacular names Candlewood, Karimora, Moroballi, Sand mora
Colour Heartwood pale pink brown to yellow brown; sapwood light
brown or pale grey brown and similar to heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for T. esculenta (similar to T.
squarrosa) 0.84.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma long aliform to confluent; aliform
parenchyma winged type. Banded parenchyma in wide bands
more than three cells wide (confluent bands mostly 3-5(-6) cells
wide). Axial parenchyma 4-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 7-10 per mm; generally
exclusively uniseriate, rarely biseriate; 275-430 µm in height.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short (2-6(-8)) chains in chambered
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 226, 227, 230 & 245
Guyana FDBG 333, Polak 327, SGU 18 (tree 51)
184
73. Talisia squarrosa Radlk.
185
74. Termina/ia amazonia (J.F. Gmelin) Exell Hill fukadi
Family Combretaceae
Vernacular names Coffee mortar, Hill fukadi, Kwai, Matora, Tamarotan, Pookadi
Colour Heartwood golden, yellowish or olive brown to occasionally dark
brown; often with prominent reddish or dark brown streaks;
sapwood yellowish to yellow brown and similar to heartwood
colour, or distinct from heartwood colour.
not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown, or
yellowish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity mostly medium; ranging from 0.58-0.79.
Growth Rings Growth rings generally indistinct or absent.
intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured. Tyloses very thin
walled and occasionally common, or absent.
Fibres Fibres generally non-septate (rarely to occasionally some septate);
thin-walled to thick-walled; 1450-1755 µm in length; pits simple
to minutely bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma variable from occasionally unilateral to
vasicentric, or aliform (generally short aliform); aliform
parenchyma winged type. Marginal (or seemingly marginal)
banded parenchyma sporadically to occasionally present (bands
narrow, mostly 1-2 cells wide). Axial parenchyma 4-6 cells per
parenchyma strand.
observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells, or in radial alignment
in procumbent ray cells, or in non-chambered axial parenchyma
cells; styloids and/or elongate crystals occasional to frequent;
mostly one crystal per cell or chamber (occasionally more than
one crystal per cell).
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 241 & 321, Petrov 234
Suriname Stabel 93
186
74. Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmelin) Exell
187
75. Termina/ia dicliotoma G. Meyer Swamp fukadi
Family Combretaceae
Vernacular names Alasoabo, Coffee mortar, Cokerwood, Fukadi, Naharu, Simia
chimi, Swamp fukadi
Colour Heartwood yellowish brown to light or creamy brown; rarely with
irregular dark streaks, but mostly without streaks; sapwood pale
yellow brown and generally similar to heartwood colour.
yellowish brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
yellowish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for Terminalia guianensis
(similar to T. dichotoma) 0.68.
Growth Rings Growth rings somewhat distinct (delimited by marginal bands and
darkened fibers).
multiples; 3-7/mm2 ; (75-) 125-1 70(-250) µm in tangential
walled and occasionally common, or absent.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma variable from somewhat unilateral to
vasicentric, or aliform to confluent (sometimes confluent into
bands); aliform parenchyma short to long lozenge type. Banded
parenchyma sometimes in wide bands more than three cells wide
(mostly 4-6 cells wide). Axial parenchyma mostly 4-6 cells per
parenchyma strand.
exclusively uniseriate; 2 I 5-6 1 4 µm in height. Storied structure not
observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells;
styloids and/or elongate crystals occasional to frequent; mostly
Material studied
Brazil Krukoff 6353 & 8472
French Guiana BAFOG 24, Melinon 86
Guyana FDBG 2705
Suriname Stahel 363
188
75. Terminalia dichotoma G. Meyer
189
75a. Buchenavia/anshawei Exell & Maguire Fukadi
Family Combretaceae
Vernacular names Alasoabo, Coffee mortar, Cokerwood, Fukadi, Naharu, Simia
chimi, Swamp fukadi
Colour Heartwood yellowish brown to light or creamy brown; sapwood
pale yellow brown and generally similar to heartwood colour.
generally yellowish brown. Ethanol extract not fluorescent; extract
generally yellowish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for Termina/ia guianensis
(similar to B.fanshawei) 0.68.
Growth Rings Growth rings somewhat distinct (delimited by marginal bands).
multiples; 4-9/mm 2; (125-)185-205(-275) µm in tangential
diameter; (530-)650(-790) µm in element length. Perforation
walled and occasionally common in Polak 576, absent in BGFD
3580.
Fibres Fibres non-septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled;
(1055-)1525(-2190) µm in length; pits simple to minutely
bordered.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly alifonn (rarely confluent);
alifonn parenchyma lozenge type in Polak 576, and winged type
in BGFD 3580. Marginal (or seeniingly marginal) banded
parenchyma occasionally present (bands narrow, mostly 1-2 cells
wide). Axial parenchyma mostly 4-6 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent (sometimes marginal
cells square like); 7-10 per mm; exclusively uniseriate; 310-790
Special Characters Prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells; styloids and/or
elongate crystals occasionally in a radial alignment in the rays of
FDBG 3580; elagic acid or organic crystals observed in Polak
576, but not in FDBG 3580; one crystal per cell or chamber, or
two distinct sizes of crystal in one cell or chamber. Silica bodies
frequent, mostly 12-20 µm in diameter in the rays cells of FDBG
3580, absent in Polak 576.
Material studied
190
75a. Buchenavia fanshawei Exell & Maguire
191
76. Tetragastris altissima (Aublet) Swart Haiawaballi
Family Burseraceae
Vernacular names Asau, Haiawaballi, Kamaragwa
Colour Heartwood orange to reddish brown; sapwood (3-7 cm) pale pinkish
or grey brown to yellowish brown and distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood not fluorescent. Water extract not fluorescent;
extract reddish brown. Ethanol extract sometimes with a faint blue
fluorescence, but mostly not fluorescent; extract yellowish brown.
multiples; 1 2 23 /mm2; (60-)90-145(-190) µm in tangential diameter;
-
370-910 µm in element length. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel

pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-10 µm in diameter; vessel-ray pitting
with much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to
vertical; nonvestured. Tyloses thin-walled and occasionally common,
or absent.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled to thick-walled; 850-1685 µm in length;
Parenchyma Axial parenchyma rarely scanty paratracheal to absent or extremely
rare. Axial parenchyma 4-8 cells per parenchyma strand.
(occasionally 2 rows); 6-9 per mm; 1-2(-3) cells wide (rays nearly
exclusively uniseriate in Polak 6 1 6 and Maguire et al 47107); 270-365
Special Characters Prismatic crystals in upright and/or s·quare ray cells (rare in
procumbent ray cells and axial parenchyma); occasionally crystals in
enlarged cells and one crystal per cell or chamber. Radial canals
present (average lumen diameter 40-70(-120) µm).
Material studied
Brazil Krukoff 5608, Maguire et al 47107
French Guiana BAFOG 327, Petrov 70 & 81
Guyana Polak 6 1 6, A.C. Smith 2844 & 3429
192
76. Tetragastris altissima (Aublet) Swart
193
77. Trattinickia rltoifo/ia Willd. Ulu

77a. Tratti11ickia demerarae Sandw. Thick-skin Ulu
Synonym Trattinickia /awrencei Standl. (77)

Family Burseraceae
Vernacular names Bastard kurokai, Thin-skin ulu, Thick-skin ulu (T. demerarae),
Ulu, Wayama (T. rhoifolia).
Colour Heartwood grey white to pale beige or pinkish brown; sapwood
grey white and similar to heartwood colour.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for T. rhoifolia 0.51.
simple. lntervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 10-12(-13) µm
very thin-walled and occasionally common, or absent.
Fibres Fibres septate; thin-walled; 1125-1610 µm in length; pits simple to
minutely bordered.
extremely rare. Axial parenchyma 4-8(-12) cells per parenchyma
strand.
(occasionally 2 rows); 4-6 per mm; 2-3 cells wide; 345-500 µm in
I
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Silica bodies frequent in the rays cells
(mostly in the upright cells, absent to occasional in the
procumbent cells; size ranges from very small (5 µm) to large (30
µm)).
Material studied
T. rhoifo/ia
French Guiana Petrov 6 & 99, Fouquet 1449
T. demerarae
194
77. Trailin ickia rhoifolia Willd.

77a. Tratlin ickia demerarae Sandw.
195
78. Vatairea guianensis Aublet Arisauro
Synonym Vatairea surinamensis Kleinh.

Vernacular names Arakaka, Arisauro, Yaksaru
Colour Heartwood yellow when fresh, darkening on exposure to yellow or
orange brown to dark brown; sapwood very pale brown to
yellowish brown and distinct from heartwood colour.
Fluorescence & Extracts Heartwood with a deep orange or slightly purple fluorescence.
Water extract with a slight blue fluorescence, or not fluorescent;
extract colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract with a
yellow green to yellow fluorescence; extract bright yellow or
yellowish brown.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma mostly aliform (sometimes locally
confluent); aliform parenchyma lozenge type. Marginal (or
seemingly marginal) banded parenchyma sporadically to
occasionally present, or absent (when present, bands very fine,
mostly uniseriate, sometimes not continuous). Axial parenchyma
mostly 4 cells per parenchyma strand.
per mm; 2-3(-4) cells wide; 270-425 µm in height. Storied
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short to long (over 30) chains in
chambered axial parenchyma; mostly one crystal per cell or
chamber.
Material studied
Brazil Ducke 527
French Guiana Fouquet 1497
Guyana FDBG 3072, SJRw 3032
Suriname BBS 1091, SWF 92
196
78. Vatairea guianensis Auble!
197
Major Timber Trees ofG11yana. Wood Anatomy.
79. Virola micllelii Heckel Hill dalli
Synonym V me/inonii (Benoist) A.C. Smith

Vernacular names Dalli, Hil Dalli, Irikwa
Colour Heartwood beige to pale brown; sapwood similar to heartwood
colour.
not fluorescent; extract colourless to shades of brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity mostly medium; average 0.47.
diameter; I 060-1300 µm in element length. Perforation plates
rarely to infrequently scalariform to mostly simple; 1-15 bars.
Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-10 µm in diameter
(sometimes slightly elongate); vessel-ray pitting with much
reduced borders to apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical;
nonvestured.
extremely rare. Banded parenchyma 2-4 cells wide sporadically
present, but mostly absent. Axial parenchyma 4-8(-12) cells per
parenchyma strand.
(generally no more than 6 rows, sometimes to I 0 rows); 7-9 per
not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Tanniniferous tubes present.
Material studied
French Guiana BAFOG 42, Fouquet 1288 & 1375, Melinon 102, SF 1028
Guyana FDBG 2393
Suriname Navy Proj. 538
198
79. Virola miche/ii Heckel
199
80. Virola surinamensis (Rolander) Warb. Swamp dalli
Vernacular names Baboonwood, Dalli, Dollywood, Irikwa, Swamp dalli, Warishi,
We
Colour Heartwood beige to pale brown; sapwood similar to heartwood
colour.
rarely to infrequently scalariform to mostly simple; 1-15 bars.
Intervessel pits alternate; circular or oval; mostly IO µm in
apparently simple, pits horizontal to vertical; nonvestured.
extremely rare. Banded parenchyma 2-4 cells wide sporadically
present, but mostly absent. Axial parenchyma 4-8(-12) cells per
parenchyma strand.
(generally no more than 6 rows, sometimes to 10 rows); 6-8 per
not observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Tanniniferous tubes present.
Material s tudied
Brazil Krukoff 1971
Guyana Michigan State test 992 & 989, Polak 153, 172 & 176
Suriname Stahel 43
Venezuela Bernardi 7533
200
80. Virola surinamensis (Rolander) Warb.
201
81. Vitex stallelii Mold. Hakiaballi
Family Verbenaceae
Vernacular names Hakiaballi
Colour Heartwood light to dark brown; sapwood pale brown and similar
to heartwood colour, or distinct from heartwood colour.
M icrosco pic features

Vessels Diffuse-porous. Vessels 80-90% solitary and in short (mostly 2-3)
radial multiples (sometimes with the appearance of exclusively
solitary); 8- IO/mm2; (90-)130-195(-270) µm in tangential
diameter; 500-625 µm in element length. Perforation plates rarely
to infrequently scalariform to mostly simple; 1-20 bars. lntervessel
pits alternate; circular or oval; 8-9 µm in diameter; vessel-ray
shape, or vessel-ray pitting with much reduced borders to
thin-walled and sporadic, but mostly absent.
strand.
(occasionally 2 rows); 4-5 per mm; 2-5 cells wide; 720-1020 µm
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent.
Material studied
Venezuela Conejos 97
202
81. Vitex stahelii Mold.
203
82. Vocl1ysia surinamensis Stafleu Iteballi

82a. Vocl1ysia sclwmburgkii Warm. Iteballi
82b. Vochysia tetraphylla (G. Meyer) DC. Iteballi
Family Vochysiaceae
Vernacular names Deokunud, Hill iteballi ( V. surinamensis), lteballi
Colour Heartwood pink brown to light brown; sapwood greyish white and
generally distinct from heartwood colour.
extract colourless to shades of brown. Chrome azurol-S test very
strong positive. Splinter burns to full ash in S. schomburgkii and
V. tetraphylla and charcoal in V. surinamensis; colour of ash white
to grey.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity medium; average for V. tetraphylla 0.48.
intervessel pits in size and shape; vestured. Tyloses thin-walled
and occasionally common, or absent.
Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma short to long aliform, or confluent;
aliform parenchyma winged type. Banded parenchyma in wide
bands more than three cells wide (confluent bands up to 10 cells
wide). Axial parenchyma (2-)4 cells per parenchyma strand.
Rays Rays heterocellular, sometimes with one row of upright cells, but
mostly heterocellular, 2-4 rows of upright and/or square cells
(occasionally to 6 rows); 4-7 per mm (only 2-3 multiseriate rays
per mm); 4-6(-8) cells wide; 760-1400 µm in height. Aggregate
rays occasionally present, or absent. Storied structure not
observed.
Special Characters Prismatic crystals absent. Intercellular canals of traumatic origin
frequently to sporadically present.
Material studied
V. surinamensis: French Guiana: BAFOG 15, 82 & 309, Fouquet 1396; Guyana: FDBG 5218
& 5934, Polak 298
V. tetraphylla
French Guiana: BAFOG 203, 273, 312 & 315; Guyana: A.C. Smith 2587; Suriname: Stahel
374; Venezuela: Breteler 4977 & 3854
204
82. Vochysia s11rinamensis Stafleu

82a. Vochysia schomb11rgkii Wann.
82b. Vochysia tetraphylla (G. Meyer) DC.
205
83. Vouacapoua macropetala Sandw. Sarebebeballi

Vernacular names Sarebebeballi
Colour Heartwood dark brown or somewhat yellowish brown; sapwood
(2-4 cm) yellowish white and distinct from heartwood colour.
colourless to shades of brown. Ethanol extract with a strong blue
fluorescence; extract yellowish brown.
Basic Specific Gravity Basic specific gravity high; average for V. americana (similar to
V. macropetala) 0.82.
Microsco pic features

Parenchyma Paratracheal parenchyma sometimes unilateral paratracheal, or
aliform; aliform parenchyma lozenge type. Marginal banded
parenchyma mostly absent (sometimes thin discontinuous bands in
Polak 318). Axial parenchyma (3-)4(-5) cells per parenchyma
strand.
Rays Rays homocellular, typically procumbent; 6-7 per mm; mostly 2
Special Characters Prismatic crystals common in short (4-10(-12)) chains in
Material studied
206
83. Vouacapoua macropetala Sandw.
207
208
Dichotomous Key
5. DICHOTOMOUS KEY
1 - Vessels exclusively solitary ............................................................................... 2

- Vessels not exclusively solitary; mostly in radial multiples ............................ 1 0
2 - Perforation plates exclusively scalariform ......................................................... 3

- Perforation plates mostly simple ............................................... . ........................ 5
3 - Perforation plates with less than 1 0 bars; rays 2-4-seriate .

...... ..... Goupia glabra
- Perforation plates with more than 1 0 bars; rays 1 -2-seriate .
.... ..... . ..
.. . 4
...............
4 - Vessel-ray pits all small and round ... . .. ... ............................ Humiria balsamifera
- Vessel-ray pits round to elongated ............................. ..
. .... Sacog/ottis guianensis
5 - Vessel-ray pits all small and round; vestured . ..... ..... .

. . . .................. ......... .
.......... 6
- Vessel-ray pits large and elongated; not vestured .......................... ............. .... .
. . 7
6 - Rays uniseriate; less than 100 µm in diameter and more than 20 vessels/sq.
mm; marginal bands of parenchyma present Aspidosperma vargasii
...................
- Rays biseriate; greater than 100 µm in diameter and less than 20 vessels/sq.
mm; marginal bands of parenchyma absent.. ...................................................... .
... . ........ .... .. ...............................................Aspidosperma cruentum and A. album
7 - Rays multiseriate ....... .... .

. . . ... ...................... .
..... ..
. ........ Hyeronima a/chorneoides
- Rays uniseriate ................................................................................................... 8
8 - Silica bodies absent... .. ....... . . . . Ca/ophyllum lucidum

............................ .. .......... ....
- Silica bodies present in ray cells ........................................................................ 9
9 - Silica bodies and/or organic deposits abundant in ray cells; nearly every
cell filled with either a silica body or organic deposits ....................................... .
... ..................................................... Licania alba, L. /axiflora and L. majuscula

- Silica bodies and/or organic deposits present, but often not abundant;
sometimes horizontal rows of rays cells without silica bodies or organic
deposits . ... ..
. .. .. . . .
........... . .. . .... . . Parinari campestris and P. rodolphii
........... .... ....
10 - Vessel-ray pits bordered, similar to intervesseI pits in size and shape ............. 1 1
- Vessel-ray pits simple, rounded to horizontal or vertical and mostly larger
than intervessel pits .
.......................... 63
...............................................................
I I - Rays mostly uniseriate; occasionally biseriate in part ..................................... 1 2

- Rays multiseriate.............................................................................................. 22
209
Major Timber Trees ofGuyana: Wood Anatomy
12 - Rays and parenchyma storied ................ . ...

.... .......................... . .............. . . .. ... . .. 13
- Rays and parenchyma not storied ........ . . ..
. .... ............. .................... . .. . ... . .. ..
... . .. 15
13 - Parenchyma mostly aliform to occasionally confluent; banded parenchyma

not common; heartwood fluorescent .. ... .. .. . . ... ... . .... . Dipteryx odorata
.. .. .. . . . . . ...... .
- Parenchyma mostly confluent or banded; heartwood not fluorescent... 14 ...........
14 - Storied structure with 4 - 4.5 tiers/mm; basic specific gravity low to

medium; fibres thin- to thick-walled; heartwood yellowish to cream or
dirty white .
............................ . ... Pterocarpus rohrii
......................... . ....................
- Storied structure with 3 - 3.5 tiers/mm; basic specific gravity high; fibres
thick-walled; heartwood chocolate brown to pale reddish or purplish
brown, occasionally marked with dark olive or purplish brown stripes .............. .
.......................................Swartzia benthamiana, S. sprucei and S. xanthopetala
15 - Intervessel pits not vestured .................... . ... .

. .. ........... . .. ...
. . ...... Talisia squarrosa
- Intervessel pits vestured . . ... . ........................................ ... . ...
. . ............................ 16
16 - Included phloem present .. . ... ........... . ....

. .............. . .. . ..
. . . ............ . ..... Antonia ovata
- Included phloem absent ...................................... .
................. .
.......................... 17
17 - Intervessel pits 8-10 µm; styloids or elongate crystals often present in axial
parenchyma; tyloses often present; heartwood not fluorescent . . . .... 18 .... ... ......... .
- lntervessel pits 8 µm or less; styloids or elongate crystals absent; tyloses

absent; heartwood fluorescent . ..... ... . . ... . ... . . . . . . . . 19
. .. ... .......... .................. . .. .. . ... .. ...
18 - Parenchyma mostly vasicentric to short aliform . Terminalia amazonia ... ............
- Parenchyma mostly aliform to confluent bands .................................................. .
.............................................. Terminalia dichotoma and Buchenaviafanshawei
19 - Prismatic crystals present ..... .. .... .... . ...

.. . ......... ....... ....................... .. ..
.. ........... . 20
..
- Prismatic crystals absent .............. .

........ . .......... . ............................................ . . 21
.
20 - Parenchyma mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform, rarely confluent... ............... .
Abarema jupunba
................ .................................................................................
- Parenchym a thick vasicentric to aliform and confluent ..................................... ..

..... ........... ....... ................................. Dimorphandra conjugala and D. polyandra
21 - Silica bodies common in ray cells . ... . Sc/erolobium guianense

......... ... . . ...............
- Silica bodies absent... .. . . ... ... . ... . . ... .. .. Sc/erolobium micropeta/um

.... .... .. ... . . . . .. . .. ..
22 - Intervessel pits vestured .......................................... . . . ... ... ..... . .

... ..... .. . .............. 23
- Intervessel pits not vestured . ........................... . . .. . . . .. ..
. . . . . .. ............ . .
. . ........ .. .
. .. . 44
210
Dichotomous Key
23 - Intervessel pits <6 µm, mostly 4 µm ......................................................... . ...... 24

- Intervessel pits >6 µm ............................................ .
................... . ..................... 28
24 - Parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregate; latex tubes present.. .. ......... . ...........................
...................................................................................Parahancornia fasciculata
- Parenchyma not diffuse-in-aggregate; latex tubes absent . 25 ...............................
25 - Rays storied .... ... . . .. ................. .

.................... ............. . ........ Swartzia leiocalycina
- Rays not storied ................................................................................................ 26
26 - Vessel diameter generally > l 00 µm; heartwood colour mostly medium

brown; froth test positive . . � ............ . . ... . 27
.............. .. .................................... . . . .....
- Vessel diameter generally <100 µm; heartwood colour mostly very dark
brown froth test negative.. .. . . .... Vouacapoua macropetala
. ....... ...... .......... . . . ........
27 - Parenchyma lozenge aliform, sometimes confluent.. ............. .

........ Mora excelsa
- Parenchyma lozenge to winged aliform, often confluent.. . ....... Mora gonggrijpii
28 - Rays homocellular ................. .

............ .................. .
.......................................... 29
- Rays heterocellular ................ ..
........................................................................ 32
29 - Septate fibres common ............ .

...................... . ..
... . .............. .................. Inga alba
- Septate fibres absent . ... ...... .
............................ .
................... ............................. 30
30 - Unilateral paratracheal parenchyma present; heartwood purple ........................ ..
... . .............................................................................................. Peltogyne venosa

- Unilateral paratracheal parenchyma absent; heartwood not purple . 31 ..... ...........
31 - Parenchyma mostly aliform and marginal; heartwood fluorescent.. ................... .

.... ........................................................ Hymenaea courbaril and H. oblongifolia
- Parenchyma mostly confluent and banded; heartwood not fluorescent .............. .
.... .............................................. Clathrotropis macrocarpa and C. brachypetala
32 - Rays and parenchyma storied or irregularly storied . . .. . . . .. ................................ 33

- Rays and parenchyma not storied .. .. . . .............................. .. . .. ........................... 34
33 - Rays mostly 2-3 cells wide and 6-7 rays per mm; storied, 2-3 tiers/mm ............ .
.... ................................................................ Andira surinamensis and A. inermis

- Rays mostly 3-5 cells wide and 4-5 rays per mm; storied, mostly 2
tiers/mm ................ . . .. .
............. ..
............ . . Hymenolobiumjlavum
................... ......
34 - Axial canals in tangential lines or bands ..................... .

..... .
........ . ............... . .... . 35
- Axial canals absent . . ..
................. ........... ... . ......... .. .
. ... ......................... . ............ 36
211
35 - Rays mostly 4-6 per mm .. . .. . . . ...

............. . .
...... .. Eperuafa/cata
..... . ... . .. ......... ........
- Rays mostly 6-8 per mm ..................................................................................... .
... ....... Eperua grandiflora, E. jenmanii, E. schomburgkiana and E. rubiginosa
36 - lntervessel pits 6-8 µm . ...... .................... . ..... .

. . ........ . .... . ...... . . ...
. .... . . 37 . ... ......... . .. .
- Intervessel pits mostly >8 µm .................. . ... ..

. . .......... .......... . . . . .. . . . 40
.. . .. .. . ... ..... ...
37 - Rays 4 or more cells wide; chrome azurol-S test positive .................................. .
............................... Vochysia surinamensis, V. schomburgkii and V. tetraphylla

- Rays less than 4 cells wide; chrome azurol-S test negative ... . . .. 38 . ..... .. ......... .....
38 - Vessel diameter less than 170 µm; parenchyma mostly vasicentric, not
aliform .. . .. . . . ..
................ . ...... ..
...... Acosmium praec/arum
.... .... . ................ . ..........
- Vessel diameter more than 170 µm; parenchyma mostly aliform . . . . . . 3 9 ... .... . . . ....
39 - Parenchyma aliform to confluent; heartwood light to medium or pinkish

brown white deposits not in heartwood vessels . Ormosia coutinhoi ....... .............
- Parenchyma aliform; heartwood dark brown; white deposits often in

heartwood vessels . .... . . . . Dip/otropis purpurea
................................... . .... ... ... . ......
40 - Parenchyma mostly aliform; confluent parenchyma rare to occasional... .... .... 41

- Parenchyma aliform to abundantly confluent and banded . . . . .. ... . .. . . . .. .............. 42
41 - Heartwood with an orange fluorescence; froth test negative; crystals common . .

Vatairea guianensis
...................... ......................... ...............................................
- Heartwood not fluorescent; froth test positive; crystals absent or not common ...
....................................................................Alexa imperatricis and A. /eiopetala
42 - Rays mostly 2 cells wide ....................... . ....... .. . ............. . ..... . Ormosia coccinea
.. .
- Rays often wider than 2 cells ..... . .... . ... .

. . ........... ........................ . .. . 43 .... .. .............
43 - Heartwood generally dark brown........................................................................ .
................ .................................. C/athrotropis macrocarpa and C. brachypetala

- Heartwood generally pale brown with a pinkish tinge . Hymenolobiumjlavum ....
44 - Septate fibres common .......................... ... .......... ..

. ..... ... ... . ...... . . .
. . .. . .... ... ..... . .... 45
- Septate fibres absent . . . ................. . .... .. .
. .................. . . . . ... ... . . . . .
. . . ..... .... . .... .. .. ..... 48
45 - lntervessel pits 4-6 µm; perforation plates exclusively simple ........... .. ......... . . 46
- lntervessel pits >6 µm; perforation plates simple and scalariform .................. 47
212
Dichotomous Key
46 - Rays heterocellular with long uniseriate extensions; mostly more than 4 rows
of upright cells; crystals present in ray cells . . Laetia procera
........... ................. ...
- Rays heterocellular with short uniseriate extensions; mostly less than 4 rows of
upright cells; crystals present in axial parenchyma cells .................................... .
.... .................................................................. Carapa guianensis and C. procera
47 - Radial canals present... ............. ............. Schejjlera decaphylla and S. morototoni

- Radial canals absent. . .......................... .. . . . . . Vitex stahelii
.......................... ..... . . . ....
48 - Parenchyma in narrow or wide bands .............................................................. 49

- Parenchyma not in bands, except for occasional marginal bands .................... 56
49 - Parenchyma in narrow apotracheal bands; silica bodies present in ray cells ... 50
- Parenchyma in wide bands; silica absent ......................................................... 53
50 - Rays < 9/mm; bands of parenchyma mostly1 or partially 2 cells wide............ 51

- Rays 2: 9/mm; bands of parenchyma 1-2 to 4 cells wide .................................. 52
51 - Silica bodies sporadic and very large; fibres very thick-walled .......................... .
Lecythis zabucajo
. . . . . ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . . . . ......................
- Silica bodies numerous and medium sized; fibres thin- to thick-walled ............. .
... . ........................................ Couratari guianensis, C. gloriosa and C. multiflora
52 - Bands of parenchyma 2 to 4 cells wide, about 3 or 4/mm .................................. .

.. .. ........................................................... Lecythis confertiflora and L. corrugata
- Bands ofparenchyma 1-2(3) cells wide, about 5 to 9/mm Eschweilera spp. ........
53 - Rays 1-2 cells wide . .

..................... ....... Talisia squarrosa
............ ........................
- Rays wider than 2 cells .................................................................................... 54
54 - Axial parenchyma and/or vessel elements storied; rays mostly 2-3 cells wide;
tyloses common ............................................................................................... 55
- Axial parenchyma and/or vessel elements not storied; rays mostly 4-10 cells
wide; tyloses generally absent, not common ...................................................... ..
............................................. Catostemma commune, C.fragrans and C. alstonii
55 - Parenchyma strands mostly 4 cells; heartwood sometimes with a faint

yellowish or orange fluorescence . Symphonia globulifera
................ ....................
- Parenchyma strands 4-8 cells; heartwood not fluorescent Platonia insignis ........
56 - Rays, axial parenchyma, and/or vessel elements storied .................................. 57

- Rays, axial parenchyma, and/or vessel elements not storied ........................... 59
213
57 - Rays not storied; axial parenchyma, and/or vessel elements storied; rays often
over 7 cells wide .. Stercu/ia rugosa and S. pruriens
........................... .................
- Rays storied; rays not over 7 cells wide . . 58 ... ................................... ...................
58 - Storied, 2 tiers/mm; crystals in axial parenchyma; no deposits in vessels .......... .
.............................................................................................. Quassia simarouba

- Storied, 3-4 tiers/mm; crystals absent; yellow deposits, as seen with naked eye,
occasionally in vessels (lapachol) . .. .... .. . Tabebuia serratifo/ia
............ .................
59 - Wood semi-ring or ring porous .... . ............................................. Cedre/a odorata

- Wood diffi.Jse porous . . ...... ..... ........................................................... .. . .. .. 60
..... ... .
60 - Rays homocellular ........ ... . .

........ .... .
............. . ................. . ....... . ..
. ............ . ......... 61
- Rays heterocellular ........ . ..
.... . .......... . ......... . ...... .
........................ . ..
.. . ................ 62
61 - lntervessel pits 5-6 µm ............. ..

............................ .. ..... . ........ . Tabebuia insignis
.
- lntervessel pits 8-10 µm ............. . ..

... .................. . ..
. ................. .Jacaranda copaia
62 - Intervessel pits 10-12 µm; crystals present in ray and axial parenchyma cells;
vessel diameter >150 µm .... .
............ .. . . ..... Bagassa guianensis
.................... . .... ...
- Intervessel pits 5-7 µm; crystals absent; vessel diameter < 150 µm .................. ..
.......................................................................................... Ch/orocardium rodiei
63 - Radial canals present. ....................................................................................... 64

- Radial canals absent ...................................... .
..................................... ..
. ....... . 67
..
64 - Perforation plates simple and scalariform ........................................................... .
..............................................................Schejjlera decaphylla and S. morototoni

- Perforation plates exclusively simple . .. . . .. . .. . 65
.................. ...... . .............. ... ... .. . ....
65 - Rays 2-3(-4) cells wide; tyloses thin- to occasionally thick-walled and very
common; sometimes with streaks; heartwood often fluorescent . 66 ............ .........
- Rays nearly exclusively uniseriate to occasionally biseriate; tyloses absent or

occasionally few; heartwood not fluorescent Tetragastris a/tissima .....................
66 - Basic specific gravity high > 0. 70; air-dry density > 850 kg/m3..... .................... .
Astronium ulei
......................................................................................................
3
- Basic specific gravity medium < 0.60; air-dry density < 700 kg/m ................... .
................ ..........................................................................Loxopterygium sagotii
67 - Septate fibres common .................. . .................................................................. 68

- Septate fibres absent ........................................................ ............................... 74
214
Dichotomous Key
68 - Oil cells present ............................................................................................... 69

- Oil cells absent. ................................................................. . .............................. 72
69 - Oil cells in rays and axial parenchyma, not present among fibres . ...... ... .. 70 ... . . ..
- Oil cells in axial parenchyma and present among fibres (often in vertical chains
of2-6(-8) oil cells), very numerous ..... . . .. . . .... . .. .. ... . Ocotea rubra
... . .... . .. .... . .... . . . .
70 - Parenchyma vasicentric to alifonn ... ....... . Licaria cannel/a

................ . . ............. ...
- Parenchyma absent, scanty paratracheal, or rarely vasicentric; not aliform .... 7 1
7 1 - Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, sometimes vasicentric ... .... Aniba hypoglauca .
- Parenchyma mostly absent, rarely scanty paratracheal ....................................... .
.... ........... Ocotea canaliculata, 0. glomerata, 0. oblonga, 0. wachenheimii and

0. tomentel/a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................................................
72 - Rays 2-5 cells wide; most vessel-ray pits small and circular, some elongated;
perforation plates rarely scalariform ...... . ... . ... ... . . . Vitex stahelii
. ..... . ... . . ........ ... . ....
- Rays mostly 2 cells wide; vessel-ray pits generally large and elongated;
perforation plates exclusively simple ............................................................... 73
73 - Crystals in ray cells; silica bodies absent.. ........... . ......... Protium decandrum ... .. .
- Crystals absent; silica bodies in ray cells ............................................................ .

............................................................... Trattinickia rhoifolia and T. demerarae
74 - Silica bodies absent.......................................................................................... 75

- Silica bodies present in ray cells ...................................................................... 81
75 - Tanniniferous tubes present in rays; perforation plates simple and scalariform

or exclusively scalariform ................................................................................ 76
- Tanniniferous tubes absent; perforation plates exclusively simple .................. 78
76 - Perforation plates exclusively scalariform or reticulate ...................................... .

... . ....................................... . ............... Jryanthera lancifolia and /. macrophylla
- Perforation plates mostly simple, rarely to occasionally simple ..... . .. .... . 77 . .... . ...
77 - Vessels frequency> 8/mm2 .. . ......... . . ... . .

... .. . .... ... .. . .. Virola michelii
.. . ...... . ... . . .. ...
Vessels frequency< 8/mm2 ................ . . . .. . . . . . . Virola surinamensis

.. ... . ... .... . .... ... .
78 - Intervessel pits 6-8 µm ..................................................................................... 79

- Intervessel pits 9-14 µm ................................................................................... 80
79 - Parenchyma banded, bands mostly 2 cells wide . .. . Manilkara bidentata .. ... .........
- Parenchyma not banded, scanty or vasicentric, sometimes unilateral

paratracheal . ..... ... ... .. . . .
.. ........... . . . Chlorocardium rodiaei
. . .. .. ................ .. ............
215
80 - Rays 3-10 cells wide and > I mm in height; axial parenchyma and/or vessel
elements storied . . .. Catostemma commune, C. fragrans and C. alstonii
............. ..
- Rays 1-2 cells wide and < I mm in height; axial parenchyma and/or vessel
elements not storied . . .
.................. . Moronobea coccinea
.............. ........ .............. ..
81 - Tracheids present ............ . ................................................................................ 82

- Tracheids absent .............................................................................................. 85
82 - Silica bodies sporadic and very large, nearly filling the ray cell......................... .
......... ...... ........................................ ............................ Chrysophyllum pomiferum

- Silica bodies common in ray cells, 10-30 µm . . . . . .. . .
.............. 83... ............. . ..........
83 - Tyloses thin- to thick-walled and common and often sclerotic (especially in the
denser specimens), basic specific gravity high (>0.75).................................... 84
- Tyloses absent; basic specific gravity medium (0.40-0.75) . Pouteria speciosa ....
84 - Intervessel pits 6-8 µm ..... . .. .... . . . .... ...... .. ....... .. . .

.. . .................. Pouteria cuspidata
- lntervessel pits 8-10 µm.. . ............ ...... ............... . ....... ..
. ......... Pouteria guianensis
85 - Rays < 9/mm; bands of parenchyma mostly I or partially 2 cells wide.. .......... 86
- Rays::: 9/mm; bands ofparenchyma 1-2 to 4 cells wide . . . . .. . ... ... ..................... 87
86 - Silica bodies sporadic and very large; fibres very thick-walled .......................... .
............... ..................................................................................Lecythis zabucajo

- Silica bodies numerous and medium sized; fibres thin- to thick-walled ............. .
................ ............................Couratari guianensis, C. gloriosa and C. multiflora
87 - Bands of parenchyma 2 to 4 cells wide, about 3 or 4/mm .................................. .
............................................................... Lecythis confertiflora and L. corrugata

- Bands ofparenchyma 1-2(3) cells wide, about 5 to 9/mm Eschweilera spp. ........
216
Literature
6. LITERATURE
Cassens, D.L. and Miller, R.B. (1981). Wood anatomy of the new world
Pithecellobium (sensu Jato). J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 1 -44.
Brunner, M., Kucera, L.J. and Zurcher, E. (1994). Major Timber Trees ofGuyana: a
Lens Key. Tropenbos Series 10. The Tropenbos Foundation, Wageningen, the
Netherlands.
Detienne, P., Jackquet, P. and Mariaux, A. ( 1 982). Manuel d 'identification des bois
tropicaux. 3. Guyana fram;aise. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent
sur-Mame, France.
Detienne, P. and Jacquet, P. (1983). Atlas d 'identification des bois de l 'Amazonie et
des regions voisines. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne,
France.
Detienne, P. and Welle, B.J.H. ter. ( 1989). "Wood and timber", pp. 123-149 in: R.S.
Cowan and J.E. Lindeman (eds.), Flora of the Guyanas 88, Caesalpiniaceae.
Koeltz, Koenigstein., Germany.
Dos Santos, G . and Miller, R.B. (1992). "Wood anatomy of Tecomeae", pp. 336-358
in: A.H. Gentry (ed.), Flora Neotropica. Monograph 25(//). Bignoniaceae - Part
II. (Tribe Tecomeae). The New York Botanical Garden, USA.
Dos Santos, G. and Miller, R.B.. (1997). Wood anatomy of Jacaranda
(Bignoniaceae): Systematic relationships in sections Monolobos and Dilobos by
twig and stem wood rays. !A WA J. 18: 369-383.
Gasson, P. ( 1 996). Wood anatomy of the tribe Swarzieae with comments on related
Papilionoid and Caesalpinioid Leguminosae. !A WA J. 17: 45--75.
Gerard, J., Miller, R.B. and Welle, B.J.H. ter. ( 1 996). Major Timber Trees of
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218

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\ Major Timber Trees of Guyana. Wood Anatomy.

© 2001 Tropenbos International

Cover photo (inset) : Microscopic features of Suya (Pouteria speciosa)

Regis B .Miller and Pierre Detienne

I. INTRODUCTION .................................. . ............................................................. I

2. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES ............................................ . ......................... 3

3. INDEX OF VERNACULAR AND TRADE NAMES ........... . ............................. 7

4. ANA TOMI CAL DESCRIPTIONS ........................................... . ......................... 39

5. DICHOTOMOUS KEY .... .. .. ...................................................................... ... . 209

6. LITERATURE .................................................................................................. 217

This book on the wood anatomical characteristics of approximately l 00 Guyanese

This series was an initiative of the Tropenbos-Guyana programme, providing easily

Ben J.H. ter Welle, Georgetown, 2001

The purpose of this book is to provide complete anatomical descriptions and a

All characters in the IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) list

Coupled with each description on the opposing page is a plate of four

2. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Scientific name and authors Guyanese name

I Abaremajupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip Huruasa

Scientific name and authors Guyanese name

27 Eschweilera deco/orans Sandw. Smooth-leafkakaralli

Scientific name and authors Guyanese name

54a Parinari rodolphii Huber Burada

3. INDEX OF VERNACULAR AND TRADE NAMES

Names printed in bold refer to the main Guyanese name.

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Axua Sand dukuria 63

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Blaka kabisi Tatabu 21

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Coffee mortar Hill fukadi 74

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Cuchi parutu yura Hill corkwood 61

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Espadeira Soft wallaba 23

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Kirikaua 35, 35a

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Kumaru Tonka bean 22

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Leche amarilla Manni 70

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Mandiocai Pointed-leaf karohoro 65

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Matatauba Pointed-leaf karohoro 65

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Pizarro Hill corkwood 61

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number

Rode salie Haiawaballi 76

Vernacular name Guyanese name Species number