Solved Problem in Duct Design

For the system shown below which made from galvanized iron which = 0.15 mm, size the ducts with
equal friction method with using the duct friction chart. Also calculate the air fan power required. Take
the followings for air, = 1.2 kg/m3, = 18.178 10-6 Pa.s. Assume the velocity in the main duct GH is
8 m/s.

The pressure drop in air handling unit is as follows:

Inlet : 10 Pa
Damper : 50 Pa
Filter : 100 Pa
Cooling coil : 150 Pa
Mixing section : 50 Pa
Fan discharge to main duct : 15 Pa
The dynamic loss coefficient K is as follows:
Standard 90 o elbow : 0.50
Reduction : 0.10
Damper : 0.05
Exit grille : 0.50

Solution
The total flow rate is,
Qt  Q1  Q2  Q2
Qt  1  2  3  6 m 3 / s
The main duct G-H diameter from continuity equation with assuming constant air density,
Qt  A  V  d 2V
4
46
d  0.9772 m
8
0.00015
  0.000153
d 0.9772
Vd 1.2  8  0.9549
Re   6
 5.16  105
18.178  10
From Moody chart at Re and /d, we can determine the fraction factor f as,
f  0.0155
fL V 2
P 
d 2
0.0153  20 8 2
P  1.2    12.025 Pa
0.9772 2
P 12.025
  0.601  0.6 Pa / m
L 20
The diameter and velocity of other branches can be determined from the duct friction chart at friction
loss per meter equal 0.6 Pa as follows,
P / L  0.6 Pa / m
The results of velocity and diameter from chart can be tabulated as follows,
Results
P/L = 0.6 (Pa/m)
Section L (m) Q V (m/s d (m) Qcal
(m3/s)
G-H 20 6 8.0 0.977 5.999
H-K 10 4 7.4 0.84 4.101
K-L 35 3 6.8 0.75 3.004
H-M 7 2 6.0 0.65 1.991
K-N 7 1 5.2 0.495 1.001
Power 2.73 kW

Calculation of Fan Power

We can apply modified Bernoulli s equation in all section of the duct system from Inlet to Exit grills as
follows,

. 
LV2 V 2 Ve2 
Power  W  m  f K  
 d 2 2 2 
   P   P   V2  


. 

    L 
  L     K 2  
 Air Handling   Friction   Fitting 
Power  W  m  
2
  Ve  
  2  
 Exit 
 10  50  100  150  50  15  
 1.2
 
  Air Handling 
Power  1.2  6 
  20  0.6 82  
   0.1  
  1.2 2 G H 
 10  0. 6 7.4 2 
 1.2  4  0.1  
 1.2 2 H K
 35  0. 6 6.8 2 
 1.2  3  (0.05  0.5  1)  
 1. 2 2  K L
 7  0. 6 62 
 1.2  2  0.75  0.05  0.5  1  
 1. 2 2  H M
 7  0.6 5.2 2 
 1.2  1  (0. 75  0.05  0.5  1)  
 1.2 2  K  N
Power  2345.04  37.142  192.01  107.76  41.515  2723.467 W
Power  2.73 kW

Report for Oral Exam

For the waiting room shown below calculate the cooling load, the total air rate in the main duct, size
the main duct and branches, and the power of the air fan. The room is in Shebin El- Kom city at
latitude of 30o N in 21 of July at sun time of 15 hr. The room temperature of 25 oC and RH= 50 %, the
outside temperature are 40 oC and Rh = 30 %. The ceiling from heavy concert with 15 cm thick and
walls from hole bricks of 25 cm and finished with cement layer at inside and outside of 5 cm. The light
density is 15 W/m2 of the floor area and the lambs are fluorescent. The floor from concert and covered
with ceramic layer of 5 cm and the number of persons are 60. There are 12 kW of appliances load. The
convection heat transfer coefficient at inside and outside walls are hi = 8 W/m2.K and ho = 20 W/m2.K
respectively. For any data you need use it from the previous tables in the course and use the following
data of solar load from the ASHRAE tables as,

Persons Lighting Glass Ceiling South North West East Latitude of 30o N
8 23 12 4 8 10 CLTD oC for Walls B
0 0 -2.1 0.5 0 0 LM
1 0.83 k
1 F
880 130 200 680 680 SHGFmax (W/m2)