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Union Institute of Language

Deep 1

Project 1

Student: João Pedro Steil

Count Words: 1180

APOLLO 11

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CONTENTS:

1 - Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………… 3

2 - The History …………………………………………………………………………………. 3

2.1 The Cold War .……………………………………………………………………… 3

2.2 The Space Race …………………………………………………………………….. 4

2.3 Apollo missions .…………………………………………………………………….. 5

2.4 Apollo 11 ...…………………………………………………………………………. 5

3 - Apollo 11 Achievements……………………………………………………………………. 7

3.1 During The Mission ...……………………………………………………………… 7

3.2 Effects in people’s lives ...………………………………………………………….. 8

4 - Conclusion ..………………………………………………………………………………… 9

5- Table of figures .……………………………………………………………………………. 10

6 - References .………………………………………………………………………………… 11

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1 - Introduction:

The greatest achievement of humanity.

This project discusses the importance, immediate and long-term impacts of Apollo 11

mission for humanity. A mission commissioned by the US government, Apollo 11 was a

spacecraft with the mission of take the first man to the moon also collect lunar material and start

analyses and studies about the Moon. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

encharged Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar

Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin with the aim of be carried aboard Apollo 11 to fulfill the

mission.

Also this project analyses the facts which occurred and gives informations about Apollo

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2 - The History:

2.1 The Cold War

The end of World War II was marked by tension between the two most powerful

countries at that moment, the United States of America and the Soviet Union.

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United States of America started a policy of “containment” against the Soviet Union due to the

USSR was considered a country with “expand tendencies”. The majority of Americans agreed

with the government of U.S. which the best defence was a policy of vigilance. By this time a big

rivalry between U.S. and the Soviet Union started and that was called Cold War. (​The History

Channel website​, 2013)

2.2 The Space Race

The Cold War extended to Space, the Space Race was started. The Space Race was a

competition which would prove superiority and supremacy of those countries on technology and

space exploration. Whereas a lots of technology was improved in this period because of the

Space Race. (​The History Channel website,​ 2013)

On the beginning of the competition, the USSR was in front of US because they had a

lots of spaces achievements. The Soviet Union launched the world’s first artificial satellite to

space in 1957, called Sputinik and in 1957 they launched the first dog in the space, Laika, in the

Sputinik 2. But in 1958, the United States launched their own satellite, called Explorer I, which

was designed by the U.S. army and in the same a public order was signed by the President of the

US Dwight Eisenhower to be created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA). In 1961 John F. Kennedy predicted that the United States would land the first man on

the moon by the end of the decade. (​The History Channel website​, 2013)

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2.3 Apollo missions

The first Apollo mission was conducted by NASA in 1966 with the goal of test the

structural of the spacecraft, but a tragedy happened because a fire broke out and three astronauts

were killed in the fire. After that in 1968 Apollo 7 was forged and successfully tested after

orbiting the Earth. In the same year, Apollo 8 took and return three astronauts to the dark side of

the moon. In 1969 Apollo 9 tested the lunar module in the Earth orbit and Apollo 10 took the

first complete spacecraft around the moon. (​The History Channel website​, 2013)

2.4 Apollo 11

Figure 1. Apollo 11: crew of Apollo 11.

Launched in July 16, 1969 Apollo 11 took off from Kennedy Space Center manned by

the astronauts commander Neil Armstrong, lunar module pilot Edwin (“Buzz”) Aldrin Jr and

Michael Collins aboard. Since the launch all the expedition was transmitted by television and

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people could watch around the world. Apollo 11 travelled 240,000 miles in 76 hours for enter

into a lunar orbit on July 19. The following day, the lunar module Eagle, piloted by Armstrong

and Aldrin, separated from the command module Columbia, where Collins remained. After two

hours, the Eagle started to descends toward the lunar surface, and the craft touched the

southwestern of the Sea of Tranquility, a big flat

area on the moon. “The ​Eagle h​ as landed.” said

Neil Armstrong. After 109 hours 42 minutes since

the launch, Armstrong took the first step onto the

moon, and said “That's one small step for man,

one giant leap for mankind.” after Aldrin followed

him. Half an hour later, President Nixon spoke

with the astronauts. (​NASA,​ 2009)

Figure 2. Eagle.

During the landing, Aldrin deployed the Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package,

which consisted of a report on the lunar surface

samples. After Aldrin had spent one hour, 33

minutes on the surface, he re-entered the Eagle,

followed 41 minutes later by Armstrong. In July

24 the re-enter process began and Apollo 11

splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, 13 miles from

the recovery ship. (​NASA,​ 2009)

]​Figure 3. Aldrin, Buzz: boot print on lunar soil.

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3 - Apollo 11 Achievements:

3.1 During the mission

Figure 4. Moon exploration: Aldrin walking on the Moon, July 20, 1969.

Apollo 11 completed the mission set by John F Kennedy, which was perform a crewed

lunar landing and return to Earth safely, as well as the successful mission decreed the end of the

Space Race. The flight also realized the scientific objectives as deployment of a television

camera to transmit signals to Earth; and deployment of a solar wind composition experiment,

seismic experiment package and a Laser Ranging Retroreflector. During the exploration, Aldrin

and Armstrong were to gather samples of lunar-surface materials and take a photograph of the

moon terrain for return to Earth. (​NASA​, 2009)

After Apollo 11 the astronauts began to be American heroes not only for the U.S. nation

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but also for the world and the United States proved them supremacy.

3.2 Effects on people’s lives

For some scientists the most important application of the spatial science was the

invention of the GPS (Global Positioning System), which can give a location anywhere around

the planet. The equipment that Neil Armstrong used for perforate the moon rocks, opened the

way for the development of wireless devices. Heart monitors for verify the astronauts health

today are being used in hospitals even as contact lens that was developed to protect the

astronaut’s eyes against the Ultraviolet radiation. Other ver applicable invention was the ​teflon​,

which was used for protect the rockets and the dry food that the astronauts eats.

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4 - Conclusion:

It is certain that Apollo 11 changed and generated a huge impact in the world in that

moment. The end of the Space Race and the American supremacy are two excellent examples

that the scenario of that moment changed, because the world was divided between two blocks the

capitalist and the socialist.

Apollo 11 could took and return three men alive to the moon, was one of the most

importants achievement of humanity, as well as after it, studies about the Moon could be more

precisely, it brings a lot of technological improvements and instigated more researches about

spatial development.

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5 - Table of figures

Figure 1. Apollo 11: crew of Apollo 11. In (​Encyclopædia Britannica)​. Retrieved from

http://www.britannica.com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/EBchecked/media/127215/The-crew-of-Apollo-1

1-Neil-Armstrong-Michael-Collins-and

Figure 2. Eagle. In ​Encyclopædia Britannica.​ Retrieved from

http://www.britannica.com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/EBchecked/media/59951/Grumman-built-Apollo-

11-lunar-module-Eagle-with-its-four

Figure 3. Aldrin, Buzz: boot print on lunar soil. [Photograph]. In ​Encyclopædia Britannica.​

Retrieved from

http://www.britannica.com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/EBchecked/media/73230/Cohesiveness-of-lunar-s

oil-demonstrated-qualitatively-in-a-crisply-defined

Figure 4. Moon exploration: Aldrin walking on the Moon, July 20, 1969. [Photograph]. In

Encyclopædia Britannica​. Retrieved from

http://www.britannica.com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/EBchecked/media/71580/US-astronaut-Edwin-Al

drin-walking-on-the-Moon-July-20

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6 - References:

Apollo 11. (2009). In ​National Aeronautics and Space Administration.​ Retrieved from

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html

Apollo 11. (2013). ​The History Channel website​. Retrieved 11:44, September 25, 2013, from

http://www.history.com/topics/apollo-11.

The Space Race. (2013). ​The History Channel website.​ Retrieved 11:49, September 25, 2013,

from http://www.history.com/topics/space-race

Armstrong walks on moon. (2013). ​The History Channel website.​ Retrieved 11:49, September

25, 2013, from http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/armstrong-walks-on-moon.

Apollo 11. (2013). In ​Encyclopedia Britannica.​ Retrieved from

http://www.britannica.com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/EBchecked/topic/1556747/Apollo-11

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