Deformable Review Quiz

Problem 104
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile
load of 400 kN. Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is
limited to 120 MN/m2.
Solution 104
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P=σAP=σA
where:
P=400kN=400000NP=400kN=400000N
σ=120MPaσ=120MPa
A=14πD2−14π(1002)A=14πD2−14π(1002)
A=14π(D2−10000)A=14π(D2−10000)
Thus,
400000=120[14π(D2−10000)]400000=120[14π(D2−10000)]
400000=30πD2−300000π400000=30πD2−300000π
D2=400000+300000π30πD2=400000+300000π30π
D=119.35 mmD=119.35 mm answer
Problem 105
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown
in Fig. P-105. Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to
exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.
Solution 105
By symmetry:
Pbr=Pst=12(7848)Pbr=Pst=12(7848)
Pbr=3924 NPbr=3924 N
Pst=3924 NPst=3924 N
For bronze cable:

Pbr=σbrAbrPbr=σbrAbr
3924=90Abr3924=90Abr
Abr=43.6mm2Abr=43.6mm2 answer
For steel cable:

Pst=σstAstPst=σstAst
3924=120Ast3924=120Ast
Ast=32.7mm2Ast=32.7mm2 answer
Problem 106
The homogeneous bar shown in Fig. P-106 is supported by a smooth pin at C
and a cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress
in the cable if its diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb.
Solution 106
ΣMC=0ΣMC=0
5T+10(334√T)=5(6000)5T+10(334T)=5(6000)
T=2957.13lbT=2957.13lb
T=σAT=σA
2957.13=σ[14π(0.62)]2957.13=σ[14π(0.62)]
σ=10458.72 psiσ=10458.72 psi answer
Problem 107
A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel and
bronze sections, as shown in Fig. P-107. Axial loads are applied at the
positions indicated. If P = 3000 lb and the cross sectional area of the rod is 0.5
in2, determine the stress in each section.
Solution 107
For steel:
σstAst=PstσstAst=Pst
σst(0.5)=12σst(0.5)=12
σst=24 ksiσst=24 ksi answer
For aluminum:
σalAal=PalσalAal=Pal
σal(0.5)=12σal(0.5)=12
σal=24 ksiσal=24 ksi answer
For bronze:
σbrAbr=PbrσbrAbr=Pbr
σbr(0.5)=9σbr(0.5)=9
σbr=18 ksiσbr=18 ksi answer
Problem 108
An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as
shown in Fig. P-108. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the
maximum value of P that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in
aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.
Solution 108
For bronze:
σbrAbr=2PσbrAbr=2P
100(200)=2P100(200)=2P
P=10000NP=10000N
For aluminum:
σalAal=PσalAal=P
90(400)=P90(400)=P
P=36000NP=36000N
For Steel:
σstAst=5PσstAst=5P
P=14000NP=14000N
For safe value of P, use the smallest above. Thus,
P=10 000 N=10 kNP=10 000 N=10 kN answer
Problem 109
Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires shown in
Fig. P-109. The stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional
areas of wires AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.
Solution 109
Free body diagram of Joint A
For wire AB: By sine law (from the force polygon):

TABsin40∘=Wsin80∘TABsin⁡40∘=Wsin⁡80∘
TAB=0.6527WTAB=0.6527W
σABAAB=0.6527WσABAAB=0.6527W
30(0.4)=0.6527W30(0.4)=0.6527W
W=18.4kipsW=18.4kips
For wire AC:
TACsin60∘=Wsin80∘TACsin⁡60∘=Wsin⁡80∘
TAC=0.8794WTAC=0.8794W
TAC=σACAACTAC=σACAAC
0.8794W=30(0.5)0.8794W=30(0.5)
W=17.1kipsW=17.1kips
For safe load W,
W=17.1 kipsW=17.1 kips answer
Problem 110
A 12-inches square steel bearing plate lies between an 8-inches diameter
wooden post and a concrete footing as shown in Fig. P-110. Determine the
maximum value of the load P if the stress in wood is limited to 1800 psi and
that in concrete to 650 psi.
Solution 110
For wood:
Pw=σwAwPw=σwAw
Pw=1800[14π(82)]Pw=1800[14π(82)]
Pw=90477.9lbPw=90477.9lb
From FBD of Wood:
P=Pw=90477.9lbP=Pw=90477.9lb
For concrete:
Pc=σcAcPc=σcAc
Pc=650(122)Pc=650(122)
Pc=93600lbPc=93600lb
From FBD of Concrete:
P=Pc=93600lbP=Pc=93600lb
For safe load P,
P=90478lbP=90478lb answer
Problem 111
For the truss shown in Fig. P-111, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE,
and DF. The cross-sectional area of each member is 1.8 in2. Indicate tension
(T) or compression (C).
Solution 111
From the FBD of the truss:
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
24RF=16(30)24RF=16(30)
RF=20kRF=20k
At joint F:
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
35DF=2035DF=20
DF=3313k(Compression)DF=3313k(Compression)
At joint D:
By symmetry
BD=DF=3313k(Compression)BD=DF=3313k(Compression)
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
DE=35BD+35DFDE=35BD+35DF
DE=35(3313)+35(3313)DE=35(3313)+35(3313)
DE=40k(Tension)DE=40k(Tension)
At joint E:
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
35CE+30=4035CE+30=40
CE=1623k(Tension)CE=1623k(Tension)
Stresses: (Stress = Force/Area)
σCE=16231.8=9.26ksi (Tension)σCE=16231.8=9.26ksi (Tension) answer
σDE=401.8=22.22ksi (Tension)σDE=401.8=22.22ksi (Tension) answer
σDF=33131.8=18.52ksi (Compression)σDF=33131.8=18.52ksi (Compression)
answer
Problem 112
Determine the cross-sectional areas of members AG, BC, and CE for the truss
shown in Fig. P-112. The stresses are not to exceed 20 ksi in tension and 14
ksi in compression. A reduced stress in compression is specified to reduce the
danger of buckling.
Solution 112
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
RAV=40+25=65kRAV=40+25=65k
ΣAV=0ΣAV=0
18RD=8(25)+4(40)18RD=8(25)+4(40)
RD=20kRD=20k
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
RAH=RD=20kRAH=RD=20k
Check:
ΣMD=0ΣMD=0
12RAV=18(RAH)+4(25)+8(40)12RAV=18(RAH)+4(25)+8(40)
12(65)=18(20)+4(25)+8(40)12(65)=18(20)+4(25)+8(40)
780 ft⋅kip=780 ft⋅kip780 ft⋅kip=780 ft⋅kip (OK!)
For member AG (At joint A):
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
313√AB=65313AB=65
AB=78.12kAB=78.12k
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
AG+20=213√ABAG+20=213AB
AG=23.33kTensionAG=23.33kTension
AG=σtensionAAGAG=σtensionAAG
23.33=20AAG23.33=20AAG
AAG=1.17in2AAG=1.17in2 answer
For member BC (At section through MN):
ΣMF=0ΣMF=0
6(213√BC)=12(20)6(213BC)=12(20)
BC=72.11kBC=72.11k Compression
BC=σcompressionABCBC=σcompressionABC
72.11=14ABC72.11=14ABC
ABC=5.15in2ABC=5.15in2 answer
For member CE (At joint D):
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
213√CD=20213CD=20
CD=36.06kCD=36.06k
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
DE=313√CD=313√(36.06)=30kDE=313CD=313(36.06)=30k
At joint E:
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
313√EF=30313EF=30
EF=36.06kEF=36.06k
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
CE=213√EF=213√(36.06)=20kCE=213EF=213(36.06)=20k Compression
CF=σcompressionACECF=σcompressionACE
20=14ACE20=14ACE
ACE=1.43in2ACE=1.43in2 answer
Problem 113
Find the stresses in members BC, BD, and CF for the truss shown in Fig. P-
113. Indicate the tension or compression. The cross sectional area of each
member is 1600 mm2.
Solution 113
For member BD: (See FBD 01)
ΣMC=0ΣMC=0
3(45BD)=3(60)3(45BD)=3(60)
BD=75kNBD=75kN Tension
BD=σBDABD=σBDA
75(1000)=σBD(1600)75(1000)=σBD(1600)
σBD=46.875MPa (Tension)σBD=46.875MPa (Tension) answer
For member CF: (See FBD 01)

ΣMD=0ΣMD=0
4(12√CF)=4(90)+7(60)4(12CF)=4(90)+7(60)
CF=275.77kNCF=275.77kN Compression
CF=σCFACF=σCFA
275.77(1000)=σCF(1600)275.77(1000)=σCF(1600)
σCF=172.357MPa (Compression)σCF=172.357MPa (Compression) answer
For member BC: (See FBD 02)
ΣMD=0ΣMD=0
4BC=7(60)4BC=7(60)
BC=105kNBC=105kN Compression
BC=σBCABC=σBCA
105(1000)=σBC(1600)105(1000)=σBC(1600)
σBC=65.625MPa (Compression)σBC=65.625MPa (Compression) answer
Problem 114
The homogeneous bar ABCD shown in Fig. P-114 is supported by a cable that
runs from A to B around the smooth peg at E, a vertical cable at C, and a
smooth inclined surface at D. Determine the mass of the heaviest bar that can
be supported if the stress in each cable is limited to 100 MPa. The area of the
cable AB is 250 mm2 and that of the cable at C is 300 mm2.
Solution 114
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
TABcos30∘=RDsin50∘TABcos⁡30∘=RDsin⁡50∘
RD=1.1305TABRD=1.1305TAB
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
TABsin30∘+TAB+TC+RDcos50∘=WTABsin⁡30∘+TAB+TC+RDcos⁡50∘=W
TABsin30∘+TAB+TC+(1.1305TAB)cos50∘=WTABsin⁡30∘+TAB+TC+(1.1305TAB)co
s⁡50∘=W
2.2267TAB+TC=W2.2267TAB+TC=W
TC=W−2.2267TABTC=W−2.2267TAB
ΣMD=0ΣMD=0
6(TABsin30∘)+4TAB+2TC=3W6(TABsin⁡30∘)+4TAB+2TC=3W
7TAB+2(W−2.2267TAB)=3W7TAB+2(W−2.2267TAB)=3W
2.5466TAB=W2.5466TAB=W
TAB=0.3927WTAB=0.3927W
TC=W−2.2267TABTC=W−2.2267TAB
TC=W−2.2267(0.3927W)TC=W−2.2267(0.3927W)
TC=0.1256WTC=0.1256W
Based on cable AB:
TAB=σABAABTAB=σABAAB
0.3927W=100(250)0.3927W=100(250)
W=63661.83NW=63661.83N
Based on cable at C:
T2=σCACT2=σCAC
0.1256W=100(300)0.1256W=100(300)
W=238853.50NW=238853.50N
Sfave value of W
W=63661.83NW=63661.83N
W=mgW=mg
63661.83=m(9.81)63661.83=m(9.81)
m=6489.5kgm=6489.5kg
m=6.49Mgm=6.49Mg answer
Problem 115
What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25
mm thick? The shear strength is 350 MN/m2.
Solution 115
The resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and the shear force VVis equal to the
punching force PP.
V=τAV=τA
P=350[π(20)(25)]P=350[π(20)(25)]
P=549778.7NP=549778.7N
P=549.8kNP=549.8kN answer
Problem 116
As in Fig. 1-11c, a hole is to be punched out of a plate having a shearing
strength of 40 ksi. The compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi. (a)
Compute the maximum thickness of plate in which a hole 2.5 inches in
diameter can be punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the
diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.
Solution 116
(a) Maximum thickness of plate:
Based on puncher strength:
P=σAP=σA
P=50[14π(2.52)]P=50[14π(2.52)]
P=78.125πkipsP=78.125πkips → Equivalent shear force of the plate
Based on shear strength of plate:
V=τAV=τA → V=PV=P
78.125π=40[π(2.5t)]78.125π=40[π(2.5t)]
t=0.781incht=0.781inch answer
(b) Diameter of smallest hole:

Based on compression of puncher:
P=σAP=σA
P=50(14πd2)P=50(14πd2)
P=12.5πd2P=12.5πd2 → Equivalent shear force for plate
Based on shearing of plate:
V=τAV=τA → V=PV=P
12.5πd2=40[πd(0.25)]12.5πd2=40[πd(0.25)]
d=0.8ind=0.8in answer
Problem 117
Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown in Fig. 1-
11b if P = 400 kN. The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.
Solution 117
The bolt is subject to double shear.
V=τAV=τA
400(1000)=300[2(14πd2)]400(1000)=300[2(14πd2)]
d=29.13mmd=29.13mm answer
Problem 118
A 200-mm-diameter pulley is prevented from rotating relative to 60-mm-
diameter shaft by a 70-mm-long key, as shown in Fig. P-118. If a torque T =
2.2 kN·m is applied to the shaft, determine the width b if the allowable
shearing stress in the key is 60 MPa.
Solution 118
T=0.03FT=0.03F
2.2=0.03F2.2=0.03F
F=73.33kNF=73.33kN
V=τAV=τA
Where:
V=F=73.33kNV=F=73.33kN
A=70bA=70b
τ=60MPaτ=60MPa
Thus,
73.33(1000)=60(70b)73.33(1000)=60(70b)
b=17.46mmb=17.46mm answer
Problem 119
Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as
shown in Fig. P-119. The pin diameter is 20 mm.
Solution 119
From the FBD:
ΣMC=0ΣMC=0
0.25RBV=0.25(40sin35∘)+0.2(40cos35∘)0.25RBV=0.25(40sin⁡35∘)+0.2(40cos⁡35∘)
RBV=49.156kNRBV=49.156kN
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
RBH=40cos35∘RBH=40cos⁡35∘
RBH=32.766kNRBH=32.766kN
RB=RBH2+RBV2−−−−−−−−−−−√RB=RBH2+RBV2
RB=32.7662+49.1562−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√RB=32.7662+49.1562
RB=59.076kNRB=59.076kN → shear force of pin at B
VB=τBAVB=τBA → double shear

59.076(1000)=τB{2[14π(202)]}59.076(1000)=τB{2[14π(202)]}
τB=94.02 MPaτB=94.02 MPa answe
Problem 120
The members of the structure in Fig. P-120 weigh 200 lb/ft. Determine the
smallest diameter pin that can be used at A if the shearing stress is limited to
5000 psi. Assume single shear.
Solution 120
For member AB:
Length, LAB=42+42−−−−−−√=5.66ftLAB=42+42=5.66ft
Weight, WAB=5.66(200)=1132lbWAB=5.66(200)=1132lb
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
4RBH+4RBV=2WAB4RBH+4RBV=2WAB
4RBH+4RBV=2(1132)4RBH+4RBV=2(1132)
RBH+RBV=566RBH+RBV=566 → Equation (1)
For member BC:
Length, LBC=32+62−−−−−−√=6.71ftLBC=32+62=6.71ft
Weight, WBC=6.71(200)=WBC=1342lbWBC=6.71(200)=WBC=1342lb
ΣMC=0ΣMC=0
6RBH=1.5WBC+3RBV6RBH=1.5WBC+3RBV
6RBH−3RBV=1.5(1342)6RBH−3RBV=1.5(1342)
2RBH−RBV=6712RBH−RBV=671 → Equation (2)
Add equations (1) and (2)
RBH+RBV=566RBH+RBV=566 → Equation (1)
2RBH−RBV=6712RBH−RBV=671 → Equation (2)
3RBH=12373RBH=1237
RBH=412.33lbRBH=412.33lb
From equation (1):
412.33+RBV=566412.33+RBV=566
RBV=153.67lbRBV=153.67lb
From the FBD of member AB
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
RAH=RBH=412.33lbRAH=RBH=412.33lb
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
RAV+RBV=WABRAV+RBV=WAB
RAV+153.67=1132RAV+153.67=1132
RAV=978.33lbRAV=978.33lb
RA=R2AH+R2AV−−−−−−−−−−√RA=RAH2+RAV2
RA=412.332+978.332−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√RA=412.332+978.332
RA=1061.67lbRA=1061.67lb → shear force of pin at A
V=τAV=τA
1061.67=5000(14πd2)1061.67=5000(14πd2)
d=0.520ind=0.520in answer
Problem 121
Referring to Fig. P-121, compute the maximum force P that can be applied by
the machine operator, if the shearing stress in the pin at B and the axial stress
in the control rod at C are limited to 4000 psi and 5000 psi, respectively. The
diameters are 0.25 inch for the pin, and 0.5 inch for the control rod. Assume
single shear for the pin at B.
Solution 121
ΣMB=0ΣMB=0
6P=2Tsin10∘6P=2Tsin⁡10∘
3P=Tsin10∘3P=Tsin⁡10∘ → Equation (1)
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
BH=Tcos10∘BH=Tcos⁡10∘
From Equation (1),
T=3Psin10∘T=3Psin⁡10∘
Thus,
BH=(3Psin10∘)cos10∘BH=(3Psin⁡10∘)cos⁡10∘
BH=3cot10∘PBH=3cot⁡10∘P
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
BV=Tsin10∘+PBV=Tsin⁡10∘+P
Again from Equation (1),
Tsin10∘=3PTsin⁡10∘=3P
Thus,
BV=3P+PBV=3P+P
BV=4PBV=4P
RB2=BH2+BV2RB2=BH2+BV2
RB2=(3cot10∘P)2+(4P)2RB2=(3cot⁡10∘P)2+(4P)2
R2B=305.47P2RB2=305.47P2
RB=17.48PRB=17.48P
P=RB17.48P=RB17.48 → Equation (2)
Based on tension of rod (equation 1):
P=13Tsin10∘P=13Tsin⁡10∘
P=13[5000×14π(0.5)2]sin10∘P=13[5000×14π(0.5)2]sin⁡10∘
P=56.83lbP=56.83lb
Based on shear of rivet (equation 2):
P=4000[14π(0.25)2]17.48P=4000[14π(0.25)2]17.48
P=11.23lbP=11.23lb
Safe load P,
P=11.23 lbP=11.23 lb answer
Problem 122
Two blocks of wood, width w and thickness t, are glued together along the joint
inclined at the angle θ as shown in Fig. P-122. Using the free-body diagram
concept in Fig. 1-4a, show that the shearing stress on the glued joint is τ = P
sin 2θ / 2A, where A is the cross-sectional area.
Solution 122
Shear area,
Ashear=t(wcscθ)Ashear=t(wcsc⁡θ)
Ashear=twcscθAshear=twcsc⁡θ
Ashear=AcscθAshear=Acsc⁡θ
Shear force,
V=PcosθV=Pcos⁡θ
V=τAshearV=τAshear
Pcosθ=τ(Acscθ)Pcos⁡θ=τ(Acsc⁡θ)
τ=PsinθcosθAτ=Psin⁡θcos⁡θA
τ=P(2sinθcosθ)2Aτ=P(2sin⁡θcos⁡θ)2A
τ=Psin2θ2Aτ=Psin⁡2θ2A (okay!)
Problem 123
A rectangular piece of wood, 50 mm by 100 mm in cross section, is used as a
compression block shown in Fig. P-123. Determine the axial force P that can be
safely applied to the block if the compressive stress in wood is limited to 20
MN/m2and the shearing stress parallel to the grain is limited to 5MN/m2. The
grain makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal, as shown. (Hint: Use the
results in Problem 122.)
Solution 123
Based on maximum compressive stress:
Normal force:
N=Pcos20∘N=Pcos⁡20∘
Normal area:
AN=50(100sec20∘)AN=50(100sec⁡20∘)
AN=5320.89mm2AN=5320.89mm2
N=σANN=σAN
Pcos20∘=20(5320.89)Pcos⁡20∘=20(5320.89)
P=113247NP=113247N
P=133.25kNP=133.25kN
Based on maximum shearing stress:
Shear force:
V=Psin20∘V=Psin⁡20∘
Shear area:
AV=ANAV=AN
AV=5320.89mm2AV=5320.89mm2
V=τAVV=τAV
Psin20∘=5(5320.89)Psin⁡20∘=5(5320.89)
P=77786NP=77786N
P=77.79kNP=77.79kN
For safe compressive force use
P=77.79 kNP=77.79 kN answer
Problem 125
In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each
110 mm wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate
material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum
thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the plates.
Solution 125
Part (a):
From shearing of rivet:
P=τArivetsP=τArivets
P=60[14π(202)]P=60[14π(202)]
P=6000πNP=6000πN
From bearing of plate material:
P=σbAbP=σbAb
6000π=120(20t)6000π=120(20t)
t=7.85mmt=7.85mm answer
Part (b): Largest average tensile stress in the plate:

P=σAP=σA
6000π=σ[7.85(110−20)]6000π=σ[7.85(110−20)]
σ=26.67MPaσ=26.67MPa answer
Problem 126
The lap joint shown in Fig. P-126 is fastened by four ¾-in.-diameter rivets.
Calculate the maximum safe load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in
the rivets is limited to 14 ksi and the bearing stress in the plates is limited to
18 ksi. Assume the applied load is uniformly distributed among the four rivets.
Solution 126
Based on shearing of rivets:
P=τAP=τA
P=14[4(14π)(34)2]P=14[4(14π)(34)2]
P=24.74kipsP=24.74kips
Based on bearing of plates:
P=σbAbP=σbAb
P=18[4(34)(78)]P=18[4(34)(78)]
Safe load P,
P=24.74kipsP=24.74kips answer
Problem 127
In the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b, find the minimum bolt diameter and the
minimum thickness of each yoke that will support a load P = 14 kips without
exceeding a shearing stress of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.
Solution 127
For shearing of rivets (double shear) P=τAP=τA
14=12[2(14πd2)]14=12[2(14πd2)]
d=0.8618ind=0.8618in → diameter of bolt answer
For bearing of yoke: P=σbAbP=σbAb

14=20[2(0.8618t)]14=20[2(0.8618t)]
t=0.4061int=0.4061in → thickness of yoke answer
Problem 128 A W18 × 86 beam is
riveted to a W24 × 117 girder by a connection similar to
that in Fig. 1-13. The diameter of the
rivets is 7/8 in., and the angles are
each L4 × 3-1/2 × 3/8 in.. For each rivet, assume that
the allowable stresses are τ = 15 ksi and σb = 32 ksi. Find
the allowable load on the connection.
HideSummary of the problem

Given:
Shape of beam = W18 × 86
Shape of girder = W24 × 117
Shape of angles = L4 × 3-1/2 × 3/8
Diameter of rivets = 7/8 inch
Allowable shear stress = 15 ksi
Allowable bearing stress = 32 ksi
Required:
Allowable load on the connection
Solution 128
Relevant data from the table (Appendix B of textbook): Properties of Wide-Flange Sections (W
shapes): U.S. Customary Units
Designation Web thickness
W18 × 86 0.480 in
W24 × 117 0.550 in
Shearing strength of rivets:

There are 8 single-shear rivets in the girder and 4 double-shear (equivalent to 8 single-shear) in
the beam, thus, the shear strength of rivets in girder and beam are equal.
V=τA=15[14π(78)2(8)]V=τA=15[14π(78)2(8)]
V=72.16 kipsV=72.16 kips
Bearing strength on the girder:
The thickness of girder W24 × 117 is 0.550 inch while that of the angle clip L4 × 3-1/2 × 3/8 is
3/8 or 0.375 inch, thus, the critical in bearing is the clip.
P=σbAb=32[78(0.375)(8)]P=σbAb=32[78(0.375)(8)]
P=84 kipsP=84 kips
Bearing strength on the beam:
The thickness of beam W18 × 86 is 0.480 inch while that of the clip angle is 2 × 0.375 = 0.75
inch (clip angles are on both sides of the beam), thus, the critical in bearing is the beam.
P=σbAb=32[78(0.480)(4)]P=σbAb=32[78(0.480)(4)]
P=53.76 kipsP=53.76 kips
The allowable load on the connection is
P=53.76kipsP=53.76kips answer
Problem 129
A 7/8-in.-diameter bolt, having a diameter at the root
of the threads of 0.731 in., is used to fasten two
timbers together as shown in Fig. P-129. The nut is
tightened to cause a tensile stress of 18 ksi in the
bolt. Compute the shearing stress in the head of the
bolt and in the threads. Also, determine the outside
diameter of the washers if their inside diameter is 9/8
in. and the bearing stress is limited to 800 psi.
HideSummary of the problem

Given:
Diameter of bolt = 7/8 inch
Diameter at the root of the thread (bolt) = 0.731 inch
Inside diameter of washer = 9/8 inch
Tensile stress in the nut = 18 ksi
Bearing stress = 800 psi
Required:
Shearing stress in the head of the bolt
Shearing stress in threads of the bolt
Outside diameter of the washer
Solution 129
Tensile force on the bolt:
P=σA=18[14π(78)2]P=σA=18[14π(78)2]
Shearing stress in the head of the bolt:
τ=PA=10.82π(78)(12)τ=PA=10.82π(78)(12)
τ=7.872 ksiτ=7.872 ksi answer
Shearing stress in the threads:

τ=PA=10.82π(0.731)(58)τ=PA=10.82π(0.731)(58)
τ=7.538 ksiτ=7.538 ksi answer
Outside diameter of washer:

P=σbAbP=σbAb
10.82(1000)=800{14π[d2−(98)2]}10.82(1000)=800{14π[d
2−(98)2]}
d=4.3inchd=4.3inch answer
Problem 130
Figure P-130 shows a roof truss and the detail of the riveted connection at joint
B. Using allowable stresses of τ = 70 MPa and σb= 140 MPa, how many 19-mm-
diameter rivets are required to fasten member BC to the gusset plate? Member
BE? What is the largest average tensile or compressive stress in BC and BE?
Solution 130
At Joint C:
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
BC=96kNBC=96kN (Tension)
Consider the section through member BD, BE, and CE:
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
8(35BE)=4(96)8(35BE)=4(96)
BE=80kNBE=80kN (Compression)
For Member BC:
BC=τABC=τA Where A = area of 1 rivet × number of rivets, n
96000=70[14π(192)n]96000=70[14π(192)n]
n=4.8n=4.8 say 5 rivets
Based on bearing of member:
BC=σbAbBC=σbAb Where Ab = rivet diameter × thickness of BC × n rivets
96000=140[19(6)n]96000=140[19(6)n]
Use 7 rivets for member BC. answer
For member BE:

BE=τABE=τA Where A = area of 1 rivet × number of rivets, n
80000=70[14π(192)n]80000=70[14π(192)n]
BE=σbAbBE=σbAb Where Ab = rivet diameter × thickness of BE × n rivets
80000=140[19(13)n]80000=140[19(13)n]
Use 5 rivets for member BE. answer
Relevant data from the table (Appendix B of textbook): Properties of Equal Angle Sections: SI
Units
Designation Area
L75 × 75 × 6 864 mm2
L75 × 75 × 13 1780 mm2
Tensile stress of member BC (L75 × 75 × 6):

σ=PA=96(1000)864−19(6)σ=PA=96(1000)864−19(6)
σ=128Mpaσ=128Mpa answer
Compressive stress of member BE (L75 × 75 × 13):

σ=PA=80(1000)1780σ=PA=80(1000)1780
σ=44.94Mpaσ=44.94Mpa answer
Problem 131
Repeat Problem 130 if the rivet diameter is 22 mm and all
other data remain unchanged.
Solution 131
For member BC:
P=96kNP=96kN (Tension)
P=τAP=τA
96000=70[14π(222)n]96000=70[14π(222)n]
P=σbAbP=σbAb
96000=140[22(6)n]96000=140[22(6)n]
Use 6 rivets for member BC. answer
Tensile stress:
σ=PA=96(1000)864−22(6)σ=PA=96(1000)864−22(6)
For member BE:

P=80kNP=80kN (Compression)
P=τAP=τA
80000=70[14π(222)n]80000=70[14π(222)n]

P=σbAbP=σbAb
80000=140[22(13)n]80000=140[22(13)n]
Use 4 rivets for member BE answer
Compressive stress:
σ=PA=80(1000)1780σ=PA=80(1000)1780

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Problem 104

For bronze cable:

For steel cable:

For wire AB: By sine law (from the force polygon):

For member BC (At section through MN):

For member CE (At joint D):

For member CF: (See FBD 01)

For member BC: (See FBD 02)

(b) Diameter of smallest hole:

VB=τBAVB=τBA → double shear

Part (b): Largest average tensile stress in the plate:

For bearing of yoke: P=σbAbP=σbAb

HideSummary of the problem

Shearing strength of rivets:

HideSummary of the problem

Shearing stress in the threads:

Outside diameter of washer:

For member BE:

Tensile stress of member BC (L75 × 75 × 6):

Compressive stress of member BE (L75 × 75 × 13):

For member BE:

Based on bearing of member:

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