Perhitungan Span manual :

Pada perhitungan manual pipa tersebut simply supported at both end.

Berikut perhitungannya:

𝜋
1. Self Weight of Pipe = (OD2 – ID2) (Density of steel)
4
𝜋
= ( 8,6252 in – 7,9812 in) ( 0,283 lb/in3 )
4

= 2.376989 lb/ in
𝜋
2. Content of Weight = ( ID2 ) (Density of fluid)
4
𝜋
= (7,9812 in) (0.036 lb/in3)
4

= 1.800972 lb/ in
𝜋
3. Insulation of weight = 4 (ODinsulation2 – ID2) (Density of insulation)

𝜋
= 4 (11.6252 – 7,9812) (0.006 lb/in)

= 0.28628 lb/in

4. Total Weight (w) = (2.376989 + 1.800972 + 0.28628) lb/in x L

= 4.464241 lb/in x 152.5 in

= 53.58 lb/ft x 152.5 in

= 8170.969825 lb
  Span Based on Limitation of Stress
0,33 𝑧 𝑆ℎ
Span L = √
𝑤

0,33 (16,8 ) (20000 )

= √ 𝑙𝑏
53.58
𝑓𝑡

= 45.49 ft

 Span Based on Allowable Deflection

4 ∆𝐸𝐼
Span L = √13,5 𝑤
5
4 (29026150) (72,489)
8
= √ 𝑙𝑏
22.5 (53.8 )
𝑓𝑡

= 32.3 ft
Length of the pipe
Total of the Span = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐿 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙

152.5 ft
= 32.3 ft

= 4.7 ≈ 5 Span

 Perhitungan Span berdasarkan tabel 3.3a 3.3b Sam Kannapan :

Tabel 3.3a ----- NPS 8 Sch. 40

L = 35 ft
L’ = 35 ft
Berikut merupakan tabel 3.3b yang menunjukkan nilai Calculation
factor (C1, C2, dan C3).

Tabel 3.3b ----- Sh = 20000, ∆ = 5/8 in

C1 = 1,291
C2 = 0.883
Span based on Limitation of Stress

Span L = C1 L
= 1,291x 35
= 45.185 ft
Span based on Allowable deflection

Span L = C2 L’
= 0.883 x 35
= 30.905 ft
 Length of the pipe
Total of the Span = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐿 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙

152.5 ft
= 30.905

= 4.9 ≈ 5 Span

1. Tegangan karena Beban Tetap (Sustained Load)

Tegangan akibat beban tetap / sustained load yaitu:
1. Tegangan longitudinal akibat gaya aksial
Internal area of pipe in2:
𝜋 𝑥 𝐼𝐷2
𝐴𝑖 =
4
𝜋 𝑥 7.9812
𝐴𝑖 =
4
𝐴𝑖 = 50.027 in2
Gaya axsial:
𝐹𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃 𝑥 𝐴𝑖
𝐹𝑎𝑥 = 75 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑥 50.027 in2
𝐹𝑎𝑥 = 3752.025 𝑙𝑏
Cross section area of pipe in2:
𝜋 𝑥 (𝑂𝐷2 − 𝐼𝐷2 )
𝐴𝑚 =
4
2
𝜋 𝑥 (8.625 in2 − 7.981 in )
𝐴𝑚 =
4
𝐴𝑚 = 8.399 in2
Tegangan axsial:
𝐹𝑎𝑥
𝑆𝑥 = 𝐴𝑚

3752.025 𝑙𝑏
𝑆𝑥 =
8.399 in2
𝑆𝑥 = 446.709 𝑝𝑠𝑖
2. Tegangan longitudinal akibat momen tekuk
Weight of pipe:
w = 4.464241 𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛
Momen bending (lb.in):
𝑊 𝑥 𝐿2
𝑀𝑏 = 8

4.464241 𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (1830 𝑖𝑛)2

𝑀𝑏 =
8
𝑀𝑏 = 1868787.086 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛
Moment Inertia 𝑖𝑛𝑐 4 :
𝜋 𝑥 (𝑂𝐷 4 −𝐼𝐷4 )
𝐼= 64

𝜋 𝑥 (8.6254 − 7.9814 )
𝐼=
64
𝐼 = 72.4892 𝑖𝑛𝑐 4
Section Modulus of pipe 𝑖𝑛𝑐 3 :
𝐼
𝑍=
𝑅𝑜
72.4892 𝑖𝑛𝑐 4
𝑍=
4.3125 𝑖𝑛𝑐
𝑍 = 16.80 𝑖𝑛𝑐 3
Tegangan Tekuk:
𝑀𝑏
𝑆𝐵 = 𝑍

1868787.086 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝐵 =
16.80 in3
𝑆𝐵 = 111237.3265 𝑝𝑠𝑖
3. Tegangan longitudinal akibat tekanan internal
𝑃𝑥𝐷𝑜
𝑆𝑝 =
4𝑡
75 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑥 8.625 inc
𝑆𝑝 =
4 𝑥 0.322 𝑖𝑛𝑐
𝑆𝑝 = 502.232 𝑝𝑠𝑖
 4. Tegangan akibat beban longitudinal
𝑆𝐿 = 𝑆𝑝 + 𝑆𝑋 + 𝑆𝐵
𝑆𝐿 = 502.232 𝑝𝑠𝑖 + 446.709 𝑝𝑠𝑖 + 111237.3265 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑆𝐿 = 112186.27 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Nilai tegangan longitudinal harus memenuhi:

𝑆𝐿 ≤ 𝑆ℎ
112186.27 𝑝𝑠𝑖 > 20000

Nilai tegangan longitudinal pipa tersebut tidak memenuhi allowable

stress

2. Tegangan karena Beban Ekspansi ( Ekspansion Load)

Moment puntir

𝑞/𝑡
𝑀𝑇 =
2 𝐴𝑚 𝑡

4.464241 lb/in
0.322 𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑇 =
2 𝑥 8.399 in2 𝑥 0.322 𝑖𝑛

𝑀𝑇 = 2.563 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛

𝑀𝑇
𝑆𝑇 =
2𝑍
2.563 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝑇 =
2 𝑥 16.80 in3
𝑆𝑇 = 0.0763 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑆𝐸 = √4𝑆𝑇 2 + 𝑆𝐵 2

𝑆𝐸 = √4 𝑥 0.0763 2 + 111237.3265 2

𝑆𝐸 = 111237.3265 psi
 Nilai tegangan akibat beban ekspansi harus memenuhi persamaan
berikut:
𝑆𝐴 = 𝑓 ( 1.25 𝑆𝑐 + 0.25 𝑆ℎ)
𝑆𝐴 = 1 ( 1.25𝑥 20000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 + 0.25 𝑥 20000𝑝𝑠𝑖)
𝑆𝐴 = 30000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑆𝐸 ≤ 𝑆𝐴
111237.3265 𝑝𝑠𝑖 > 30000 psi
Nilai tegangan akibat beban eksapansi pipa tersebut tidak memenuhi
allowable stress