OPTIMAL CAPACITOR

PLACEMENT
Problem of Var Flow in Power Systems

• Loads and delivery apparatus (e.g., lines

and transformers) are inductive in nature
• Most power systems operate at a lagging
power factor
• Resulting system capacity reduced, system
loss increased and system voltage
decreased

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 2
Purposes of Shunt Capacitor Applications

• Var support - Primary benefit for

transmission systems and secondary benefit
for distribution systems
• Voltage control - Primary benefit for both
transmission and distribution systems
• System capacity increase - Secondary
benefit for transmission systems and primary
benefit for distribution systems
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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 3
Purposes of Shunt Capacitor Applications

• System power loss reduction - Secondary

benefit for transmission systems and primary
benefit for distribution systems
• Billing charge reduction - Not applied to
transmission systems but a primary benefit
for distribution systems

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 4
General Process for Placing
Shunt Capacitors

• Determine bank size in kvar

• Determine connection location
• Determine a control method
• Determine a connection type (wye or delta)

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 5
General Methods for
Capacitor Placement

• Rules of Thumb

• Power Flow
Based

• Optimal

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 6
Optimal Capacitor
Placement in ETAP

• Genetic Algorithm - Use Genetic method to

find optimal (sub optimal) solution
•Expert System Initialization- Use power
system knowledge to find a good initial
solution

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 7
ETAP OCP Capabilities

• Find capacitor’s best location and bank size

• Minimize the total cost of installation and operation
• Handle radial or meshed balanced networks
• User selectable capacitor placement purpose
• Global or individual constraints

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 9
ETAP OCP Capabilities

• Analysis capacitor control method and

review capacitor impact on the system with
load duration setting
• Speed and precision ratio control by users
• Determine available capacitor installation
locations by users

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 10
ETAP OCP Capabilities

• Determine maximum capacitor size using

maximum load and determine switchblade
capacitor size using minimum load
• Use average or source energy cost
•Focus on saving during the whole planning
period

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 11
Display Results

• LF results for maximum loads

• New capacitor locations and sizes

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 12
 Plot Results

• Loss reduction savings during the planning

period
• Capacitor operation cost during the planning
period
• Profit during the planning period

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 13
Report Results

• Load Flow related reports

• Capacitor locations and sizes
• Load flow results for maximum, average and
minimum loads
• Branch capacity release

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 14
Example

• Run NR Load Flow and look at bus voltages

(critical under voltage is set to 95% and
marginal under voltage is set to 98%)
• Switch to OCP mode and look at the study
case settings
•Run OCP and look at the voltage
improvements

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© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Optimal Capacitor Placement Slide 15
CONTOH MENU STUDY CASE OCP

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CONTOH PROSES KALKULASI OCP

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CONTOH REPORT OCP

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Terima Kasih