Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20th anniversary
CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia
CIRED-SERBIA
- Monograph -
Belgrade, 2017.
Editor:
CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia
Elektrovojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar Oslobođenja 100,
Tel: +381(0)21 4821062
e-mail: cired.serbia@ev.rs, cired.serbia@eps.rs, web: www.ciredserbia.org.rs
Editor in chief:
Assistant Professor Zoran SIMENDIĆ, PhD
Authors:
Assistant Professor Zoran SIMENDIĆ, PhD,
Prof. Nenad KATIĆ, PhD,
Dragoslav JOVANOVIĆ, PhD,
Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, PhD,
Dragoslav PERIĆ, PhD,
Prof. Dragan TASIĆ, PhD,
Prof. Vladimir KATIĆ, PhD,
Assistant Professor Aleksandar JANJIĆ, PhD,
Dušan VUKOTIĆ, M.Sc.,
Assistant Professor Željko POPOVIĆ, PhD,
Prof. Sreten ŠKULETIĆ, PhD
Branka BJELICA
Recessors:
Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, PhD
Desimir BOGIĆEVIĆ
Cover design:
Maja Tomić
Circulation USB:
500
Archive:
BBN Congress Management, Deligradska 9, 11000 Beograd
Years:
2017.
THE MAN WHO MADE ELECTRICITY ACCESSIBLE
IN EVERY POINT ON EARTH
“Everything is electricity. First it is light, the interminable source from which matter is
released distributing it in all forms which represent space and Earth in all forms of life.
Black is the real expression of light; that we do not see it as such is a sign of singular
mercy towards man and other living beings. One of its particles possesses light, thermal,
nuclear, radiation, chemical, mechanical and energy which is for the time being unknown
energy. It has the power which can move the Earth from its orbit. It is the true Trammel
of Archimedes“.
Nikola Tesla
Nacionalni komitet CIRED, u okviru tadašnje CIRED within the former Federal Republic of Yu-
Savezne Republike Jugoslavije, je počeo sa radom 8. goslavia began to work on 8th October 1987 named
oktobra 1997. godine pod nazivom JUKO-CIRED, a od JUKO CIRED. Since 2007, after the separation of Serbia
2007. godine, nakon razdruživanja Srbije i Crne Gore, and Montenegro, continued to work under the name od
radi pod nazivom Srpski nacionalni komitet CIRED. Serbian National Committee CIRED. According to the
Na osnovu statuta udruženja, rad se odvijao u okviru Statute of the association, work was carried out within
nadležnosti organa upravljanja: Skupština, Izvršni od- the competence of management bodies: the Assembly,
bor i Nadzorni odbor. the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board.
Srpski nacionalni komitet CIRED je profesional- Serbian National Committee CIRED is a prossional
na i stručna organizacija, posvećena razmeni znanja i organization dedicated to exchange of knowledge and
iskustva u oblasti distribucije električne energije. Oku- experience in the field of electricity distribution. Gathers
plja istaknute stručnjake iz elektrodistributivnih orga- prominent experts from the power distribution organza-
nizacija, elektrotehničkih fakulteta i instituta, projekt- tion, Faculties of Electrical Engineering and institutes,
nih, izvođačkih i proizvodnih organizacija sa teritorije design, implementation and production organizations
Srbije i regiona from Serbia and region.
CONTENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
REVIEWERS OF THE MONOGRAPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
THE EDITOR’S COMMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
COMMENTS BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY OF SERBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
HOW IT ALL STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PRESIDENT OF THE FIRST PRESIDENT PROF. NENAD KATIĆ, PHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CHANGES IN THE COURSE OF WORK SPEECH OF THE SECOND PRESIDENT
DRAGOSLAV JOVANOVIĆ, PHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
LOOKING AHEAD, SPEECH BY THE CURRENT PRESIDENT, ASS. PROF. ZORAN SIMENDIĆ, PHD . . . . . 12
SESSION 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
SESSION 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
SESSION 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SESSION 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
SESSION 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
SESSION 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1st CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2nd CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3rd CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10th CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
COLLOQUIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
DEVELOPMENT OF CONFERENCE THROUGH YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
ASSEMBLY, EXECUTIVE AND SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
RECOGNITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
THE MOST PROMINENT PAPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
REVIEWERS OF PAPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
LIST OF AUTHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
LIST OF COMPANIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
T
he manuscript gives a varied and comprehensive general review and important details on the
work and events connected to the CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia during the period of
twenty years from its beginnings.
The Chairmen of the CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia have basically described, from the aspect
of the general social events, the activities and role of CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia. All chairmen
of Sessions have concisely presented the focus of interest in the processed preferential subjects from
all of the ten conferences for each Session. In addition to the above, the manuscript includes a set of
photographs and data fully presenting the twenty years of work performed by CIRED Liaison Committee
of Serbia.
It gives me special pleasure to suggest that the manuscript, which was the subject of review, should
be published as a MONOGRAPH on twenty years of work of CIRED Serbia.
Belgrade,
May 21, 2017 Miladin Tanasković, PhD, B.S.E.E.
T
his year, CIRED Serbia is celebrating its twentieth anniversary. In the past period CIRED Serbia
has undoubtedly considerably contributed to the development of the electricity distribution
in Serbia and in the whole region. In the papers presented at the conferences of CIRED Serbia
and at round tables and pre-seminars, important current issues and dilemmas have been initiated and
proposals given for dealing with them in terms of planning and developing the electricity distribution
business activity, quality of electricity supply to customers, and improvements and modernisation of the
electricity distribution equipment. Faculties, institutes and equipment manufacturers have shown great
interest in this area through their active involvement and have given their substantial contribution.
Releasing this monograph on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of CIRED Serbia is very
important in order to give an integral overview of its past activities and path of development.
Kraljevo,
May 26, 2017 Desimir Bogićević, B.S.E.E.
B
y this monograph we wish to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of CIRED Liaison Committee
of Serbia (CIRED Serbia) and cherish the memory of generations of electrical engineers who
have, through their efforts and ideas, made it possible for electricity supply in Serbia to keep
pace with the world’s achievements.
Nikola Tesla, whose thoughts were quoted at the beginning of this monograph, is a symbol and
inspiration of the CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia. CIRED Serbia looks upon the image and works of
Nikola Tesla as a beacon which inspires young engineers to continuously learn, follow the state of the
art trends in science and give their own contribution to their profession. The purpose of the monograph
is to summarise the results of the Association’s multi-annual work and highlight the eagerness of many
enthusiasts who have, through their involvement and work in the CIRED Serbia bodies, encouraged
engineers to do research, write papers and present them at conferences. Twenty years of the Association’s
work reflect the development of a successful organisation from its beginnings. The core activity of
CIRED Serbia was conducted at the conferences. Papers presented at the conferences instigated many
discussions and the participants left these gatherings richer by new findings and ideas. At all the past
conferences, 1316 papers altogether were issued, and each of them contributed to the promotion of
electricity distribution. In addition thereto, at the conference were held 17 round tables, 6 pre-seminars,
2 forums and 1 special session on the current topics. A total of 172 companies have supported all the
conferences in recognising the importance of gathering engineers, for which they deserve great gratitude
from the CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia.
The monograph has been compiled by a team of authors who should take the merit for their
generous efforts in initiating and preserving CIRED Serbia. It shows how the profession developed in
years, how the topics changed, how new technologies were introduced, what kind of issues turned up
and how they were resolved. On this occasion, I extend my gratitude to all our colleagues who have taken
part in compiling the following text. This publication will certainly be of interest not only the Association
members, but also to the authors and participants at conferences, as well as to the followers of the
development of professional organisations.
Note: The degrees and titles included in the Monograph are based on the status
of the persons as of January 1, 2017
E
lectricity was for the first time produced in Serbia in 1884, in order to illuminate the cartridge
case within the section of the Military Industrial Engineering Institution of Kragujevac. In 1893,
the first public power plant in Serbia was put into operation, which was the thermal power
plant at Dorćol in Belgrade. Most of the merits should go to professor of physics, Djordje Stanojević. The
first hydro power plant for generating three-phase alternating current on the Djetinja River was put into
operation on 2nd August 1900, only four years after the first power plant on the Niagara Falls, which
was designed by Nikola Tesla. This aspiration to be among the first to apply new scientific and technical
achievements has always been present. The Electric Power Industry of Serbia has made great progress in
the area of electricity production, renewable energy sources, environmental protection and other areas
within its field of application. All such innovations have opened issues, first of all in the area of electricity
distribution, where science and the state of the art technologies have made the greatest achievements.
For that reason, the Electric Power Industry of Serbia has been actively involved in establishing,
organising and implementing the CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia. Such cooperation was carried
out by delegating the most distinguished engineers of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia, especially
its electricity distribution companies, to all bodies of CIRED Serbia, the Assembly, Executive Board and
Supervisory Board. By recognising the importance of this professional association’s activity, we have
helped in making it possible to hold all conferences organised by CIRED Serbia, not only in terms of
funding, but also by encouraging our engineers to write papers, and take part in the conferences.
All investments of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia in the activities of the CIRED Liaison
Committee of Serbia have proved to be worthwhile in many ways. EPS’s engineers have been
encouraged to continuously promote this business activity in all areas of electricity distribution, to
modernise the equipment, propose implementation of the latest technologies and informatics in the
field of company rationalisation and economic progress. In the area of electricity distribution planning,
long-term development plans were presented and discussed at the past conferences, covering almost
all distribution areas. In addition thereto, methods for electricity distribution calculations are largely
applied in the scope of different programme packages within EPS. More than 1, 000 papers have
been published so far at CIRED Serbia conferences, a great number of round tables and colloquia took
place proposing solutions for better electricity distribution, and they were furthermore implemented
into EPS’s technical enactments as well as into the electricity distribution. The first discussions were
about TIS, load management, restructuring of the electric power industry, perspectives of distribution
network planning, electricity losses, and finally smart grids and renewable energy sources. The list of
innovations, ideas and projects presented at the CIRED conferences, which were applied by the Electric
Power Industry of Serbia and installed into its electricity distribution system is huge.
In reference with the above, I herewith congratulate the CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia on their
jubilee, hoping that our cooperation will continue in our mutual interest, that their mission will go on
in the interest of the entire scientific and professional development, and especially in the interest of the
Electric Power Industry of Serbia.
S poštovanjem,
Milorad Grčić
Acting director of PE Electric Power Industry of Serbia
T
he CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia was organised in the premises of Electricity Distribution
Leskovac in Leskovac on 27th February, 1997. It was decided at the meeting to proceed with
preparations for establishing JUKO CIRED. The members of the Initiative committee were: the
deceased Tomislav Bojković, Technical director of the Electricity distribution department at the Electric
Power Industry of Serbia in Belgrade, Miladin Tanasković, PhD, former Head of the Technical t research
and development division at Electricity Distribution Belgrade, Nenad Katić, PhD, former Technical
director at Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad, Konstantin Živković, former Technical director at Electricity
Distribution Niš and Josif Spirić, PhD, former Technical director at Electricity Distribution Leskovac.
It was agreed at the meeting that the deadline for all preparations for establishing JUKO CIRED
would be September 1997. In memory of that meeting, a board was placed at Electricity Distribution
Leskovac, the photograph of which is given at the end of this text. In the second half of September 1997,
during the 150th jubilee meeting of the Technical council within the Electricity distribution department
of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia, which took place on the Vlasina Lake, a meeting of the Initiative
Board was held, enlarged by representatives of the faculties of electrical engineering from Belgrade,
Novi Sad and Niš. It was agreed that the JUKO CIRED Founding Meeting would be held in Novi Sad in the
same year. Nenad Katić, PhD was responsible for organising the Founding Meeting. It was also agreed at
the same meeting that the First conference would be held in the fourth quarter of 1998. Candidates were
simultaneously proposed for chairmen of JUKO CIRED committees.
A landmark of the initial meeting was placed in the meeting room at ED Leskovac
R
esearch work in the area of electricity distribution
had a long-standing tradition in former Yugoslavia
and was intensively carried out through Study
Committee 31 of the Yugoslav Committee CIGRE. Recognising
the great interest shown in this area and the number of papers,
as well as the international practice where research work on
electricity distribution was carried out in a separate professional
organisation CIRED (CIRED - Congrès International des Réseaux
Electriques de Distribution), the Yugoslav initiative committee
was founded in 1996, and in the same year at the CIRED
Directing Committee in Boston, Yugoslavia was accepted as an
associate member of CIRED. Following the successful activities
and participation of our experts in the International CIRED
conference in Birmingham in 1997, and with the great support
expressed our academic community, as well as the Technical Council of EPS and the Federal Ministry
of Commerce, preparations were made for the Founding Meeting of the the Yugoslav Committee CIRED
(JUKO CIRED), which took place in the premises of Elektrovojvodina at Iriški Venac on 8th October, 1997,
and was attended by 48 founders.
By decision on its foundation, JUKO CIRED was defined as a professional social organisation with
a vision to deal with, on the local and international level, professional and scientific issues in the area
of technical distribution of electricity, electrical equipment manufacturing and electricity distribution
issues in general. The basic aims of the organisation were to implement professional and scientific
activities in the area of planning, construction and operation of electricity distribution systems; to
promote the technique of electricity distribution and electrical equipment manufacturing; to promote
the status and achievements of experts in the local and international environment.
Soon after its foundation, JUKO CIRED began intensive preparations for its first conference on
electricity distribution, which was held at Zlatibor in October 1998, proving to be successful, and
where 159 papers were discussed in the presence of around 800 participants. In that way, JUKO CIRED
had successfully justified its mission and ensured an adequate setting for intensive development of
professional activities and research work on electricity distribution issues, which was subsequently
proved through continuity of work and successful organisation of a total of 10 conferences held until
2016. JUKO CIRED soon acquired an international dimension as well, owing to its cooperation with
CIRED committees from the neighbouring countries and participation of a large number of experts
from the regional countries.
JUKO CIRED’s initial activities were carried out under aggravated circumstances caused by
transformation of the state and the society, but with great enthusiasm and remarkable efforts of
experts committed to science and research work in the area of electricity distribution in theory and
practice. The initiative developed into an important professional organisation, which is currently a
substantial factor in the promotion and modernisation of electricity distribution systems. I would
like to point out in particular the support and aid provided by my dear colleagues from the Initiative
Committee, the great enthusiasts, experts and co-founders of JUKO CIRED: the deceased Tomislav
Bojković, Miladin Tanasković, PhD, Josif Spirić, PhD, Miroslav Marković, PhD, Konstantin Živković
and all others who have made a remarkable contribution to this great idea. In addition thereto,
unmeasurable contribution and aid was provided by the technical organiser of all conferences, BBN
Congress Management, and the deceased Ninoslav Bjelica, in dealing with complex issues under
difficult working conditions, which ultimately ensured JUKO CIRED the status of the major conference
and exhibition on electricity distribution within the region.
Prof. Nenad KATIĆ, PhD
A
fter overcoming a difficult period and establishing
the JUKO CIRED organisation and making it capable
of commencing its work, in the period after 2005 it
grew into a notable and successful organisation.
Soon after the disintegration of the State Union of Serbia
and Montenegro into two independant states, the JUKO CIRED
organisation followed the same path, by establishing the CIRED
Serbia organisation in 2007. The principle of holding regional
conferences was preserved although some of our regional
partners showed a sign of fatigue in time.
A steady period of work followed and the number of papers
did not differ much from conference to conference. There were
no notable changes concerning the number of participants,
but the number of exhibitors continuously increased from
conference to conference confirming the growing interest and
faith in CIRED Serbia. At the same time, one could hear from the participants that the conference quality
was continuously increasing.
The full support and understanding extended by the standing general sponsor Electric Power
Industry of Serbia needs to be pointed out. That company, which we are free to refer to as the basic
company, has always been our reliable partner with full understanding of our importance and status in
the Serbian society. Our respective functions are in a state of continuous and complete overlapping and
support.
Apart from their support, large companies which manufacture electricity distribution equipment
have clearly recognized the importance of their presence at conferences. In addition to continuously
increasing in number, the exhibitors have always exhibited their latest achievements, expressing their
satisfaction with their achievements during the conference.
The Executive Board has been continuously making efforts in raising the conference level and
has been constantly adding innovations to the conference work. Beside that, global trends have been
followed through round tables, pre-seminars and forums where one could hear and see where electricity
distribution was heading in the world, first of all in Europe. In time, the aggravated development of the
society required a new approach in recognizing and dealing with energy issues and such global trends
were therefore continuously incorporated by the Executive Board into the conference preferential
subjects, which may be considered as its contribution to electricity distribution. The introduction of
market relations into electricity turnover was inevitably reflected in the conference trends as well. In
such situation our task remained the same: to keep working, as we have done so far, on modernising and
promoting electricity distribution thereby raising the availability, safety and efficiency of the system.
After a long period of original classification into 6 Sessions, an international classification was
accepted in 2015, also with 6 Sessions, but with a slight difference in their reciprocal classification of
activities. That was only reflected at first in a minimum redistribution of papers by Sessions.
I am free to say that such commitment and enthusiasm ensures a future for this organisation, but
of course, provided that continued powerful support of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia will not be
left out.
F
or any kind of success in life, a vision is required, which
was something that JUKO CIRED and CIRED Liaison
Committee of Serbia respectively have always had
since its foundation. CIRED Serbia acquires its basic aims and
tasks through conferences, colloquia, meetings and by active
encouragement of expert studies, discussions and promotions
of the electricity distribution technique. The targets are
implemented starting from practical solutions for improving
the quality of electricity distribution, by applying new proposed
solutions and preventing possible negative events, up to complex
proposals of trends for further development of the electricity
distribution system, electricity market, use of energy from
renewable and new sources, better energy efficiency and many
other things from the portfolio of our activities. The presence of
a considerable number of experts from the region at all previous
conferences, a large number of issued papers, a considerable number of companies from Serbia and
from around the world confirm the need for discussing as comprehensively as possible the issues which
are typical for our region, by sharing experience from practice and scientific research in the area of
electricity distribution.
After completing the deregulation process and establishing the electricity market in Europe and
worldwide, electricity distribution modernisation and improvement of the working conditions and level
of services continued by placing the customer in the focus of events. We may expect in future a more
dynamic and faster development of electricity distribution. A growing number of renewable sources
which are being connected to the electricity distribution system, devices applying electronics, from the
smallest sensors up to large industrial systems, and electrical vehicles, make a complex entity which
must at all times be controlled and managed. Greater energy efficiency in electricity distribution systems,
delivery of higher quality electricity to customers and more efficient use of renewable sources are the
requirements concerning which CIRED Serbia must react fast.
The CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia believes that it is its social mission to upgrade the expert
knowledge of engineers and of all employees of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia. People are the
most important potential of the whole society and of our CIRED. By involving the young staff in the
development and planning processes it will be possible to fully introduce innovative technologies and
upgrade the electricity distribution system. CIRED will continue to implement its main target through
conferences. They must ensure the sharing of know how and experience in common issues concerning the
development, technology and modernisation of electricity distribution. It is necessary to bring together at
the conferences all representatives of commerce, as many engineers as possible, and by organising a large
number of colloquia and meetings and releasing affirmative newspaper articles achieve the set goals.
In order to succeed in these endeavours and ensure for the generations to come a chance on the open
electricity market, we must be fully committed to our goals. All of us together can conquer the challenges
of future, and through our work make it possible for the Serbian electricity distribution to remain the
foundation stone for the development of the whole society. The present CIRED Liaison Committee
of Serbia is the heritage of professional work of previous generations and our job is to continue our
attempts in realising the vision of Serbia with a stable energy system, through our mission of intensified
technological development and promotion of the entire distribution system.
Chairmen:
Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, PhD Dragoslav PERIĆ, PhD Prof. Dragan TASIĆ, PhD
(1997 – 2005) (2005 – 2011) (2011 –)
T
he first four conferences had a dominant task to consider the application of new material,
equipment, technological and technical solutions for el electricity distribution substations
and lines. The reason for such focus of interest was an interruption in the trading with goods
and information due to the economic sanctions which were imposed on Serbia at the beginning of the
last decade of the twentieth century.
The topic New approach to reconstruction of distribution substations and revitalisation of equipment
was also included in all conferences held until the beginning of the first decade of the twentieth century.
At the turn of the twenty first century in the developed countries around the world, as well as in
Serbia, there was a considerable increase of interest and care for environmental protection. Following
this trend, papers were written for CIRED Serbia conferences on the topic of the impact of environmental
protection on technical solutions for distribution substations and lines.
Not less important than the aforementioned were topics also discussed at conferences and referring
to preventive maintenance of equipment and standardisation and classification of reception and standard
equipment testings.
Communication through sharing views and dynamic discussions at conferences in the period from
1998 to 2004 frequently ended in initiatives for drafting new and amending the existing technical
recomendations and rulebooks. These initiatives in particular referred to proposals for applying new
equipment and technical solutions for distribution substations and lines.
Issues discussed at the following three conferences (2006, 2008 and 2010) covered several major
areas.
The designing of electricity distribution facilities and lines was discussed in detail from many
aspects. On one side, analyses were made and discussions took place in reference with technological
improvements of equipment, application of new material, functional integration, testing and modelling,
behaviour during the life cycle (aging, diagnostics, monitoring, maintenance, asset management),
implementation of communication and information technologies (CAD, GIS, GPS). On the other hand,
considerable attention was also given to improving the design technology: computerised designing,
simulations, etc.
Chairmen:
E
xpert committee 2 – Power quality in distribution systems covered this specific issue, which
became the main subject in the process of deregulation and introduction of market relations
in the electric power sector, and which is of paricular importance for electricity distribution.
The process of deregulation got hold of all European electric power industries at the end of the 20th
century, and for that reason this subject was accepted as one of the six crucial ones from the time of
establishing the Yugoslav, and later on the Serbian Committee CIRED. At the first four conferences (1998-
2004) the committee was chaired by Prof. Milan Savić, PhD from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in
Belgrade (at present, retired professor), and starting from the fifth conference onwards, the committee
was chaired by Prof. Vladimir Katić, PhD from the Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad.
From a general point of view, the committee dealt with three groups of issues in the area of electricity
quality: higher harmonics, voltage quality and supply reliability and issues referring to the phenomenon
of overvoltages and protection measures. In the recent years there has been more discussion concerning
the issue of connection of small power plants using renewable energy sources. In the period 1998 -2014,
the total number of presented papers was 108, out of which 98 were presented as papers, and 10 as
pieces of information. It is visible that the average number of papers was 12, which indicates the fact that
the subject concerned is still a novelty in our professional and academic circles. Most of the papers came
from Elektrovojvodina, EPS Distribution, the Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering in Belgrade, the Nikola Tesla Institute, EPS Thermal Power Plant, the Faculty of Electronics
in Niš, as well as from our colleagues from abroad (Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Hungary...).
It may be noted that this committee’s work enabled the affirmation of the area of electricity quality,
and that its impact, as well as the results, have been remarkable. In a relatively short time the issues of
electricity quality were fully recognised, the European standard EN 50160 was adopted as the Serbian
standard SRPS EN 50160, a large number of technical regulations and recommendations was adopted
directly related to this field of application (for example TR 16), a large number of electricity distributions
procured quality monitoring and metering devices, expert teams were set up for the monitoring thereof,
and experts dealing with this field of application were employed at the Energy Agency.
The involvement of a large number of expert reviewers in this field of application, and their
Prof. Lidija KORUNOVIĆ, PhD and prof. Vladimir KATIĆ, PhD, 2006
Chairmen:
O
peration and maintenance of distribution systems was the title of Session 3 in the period
from 2000 to 2014, in the scope of which subjects from the area of distribution systems
maintenance were presented at conferences in that period, except at the first conference,
which was held in 1998, when the scope of work covered by Session 3 was reduced only to the area of
distribution power lines.
The preferential subjects which dominated at the first nine conferences were:
1. Preventive maintenance, revitalisation and the possibility of efficient use of EEO,
2. Experience in implementation of new equipment, information tools, protection and fault
location systems,
3. Management of the network under fault conditions and
4. Maintenance management.
The common denominator which can be drawn as a result of all papers published at the past nine
conferences, which counted to an everage of over 20 papers per conference, is that electricity distribution
systems, for the purpose of supplying high quality electricity, must:
1. Be planned, in due time and adequately maintained with an emphasis on preventive maintenance
of power transformers.
2. Comply with the need for greater permeability of current for the purpose of better utilisation.
3. Be constantly supervised allowing easy and fast removal of faults and re-establishing consumer
supply,
4. Apply new technologies in the area of disgnosis of status, monitoring and maintenance.
The rewarded papers from the field of application of Session 3 are from the following areas:
1. Preventions, tests, analyses of transformer operation in conditions of regular and faulty
operation, monitoring the state of insulating oil, active parts of regulation switch and vessel
protection in conditions of pressure development in the vessel;
2. Fault prevention at 20 kV conductive insulators аnd fault analysis in the 35 kV cable network;
Improvement of the MV network control and maintenance process;
3. Improvement of the network restauration process after the damage and notification of
customers on the duration of scheduled outages and Fault prevention
Chairmen:
E
xpert Technical Committee (EC- Session) 4 under the title of Protection and management in
electricity distribution, was set up in 1998, and has to the present day changed its name several
times, becoming an Expert Committee (EC- Session) in 2014, due to the CIRED reorganisation.
The main task put before the Session refers to improvements in the extremely important fields of
application within electricity distribution – protection and management. Taking into account that the
establishment of Session overlapped with the tendency of integrating this area into a single integrated
framework – integrated protection and management system, the Session had to face an extremely big
challenge. The Session activities actually focussed on recognising all the aspects brought in with the
integration process, and throughout the years of its existence the main guideline in its work was actually
to implement the integrated protection and management systems of electricity distribution into practice.
The first Session 4 chairman since its establishment up to 2002 was Zoran Glušavac, who gave a
significant contribution in the process of establishing the EC and defining the terms of reference and
trends in the functioning thereof. The memebers of the first Session 4 were experts from the Sebian
and Montenegrin electricity distribution companies, as well as the faculties and institutes: Predrag
Knežević (Secretary), Dušan Marković, Dragan Novaković, Vladimir Obradović, Prof.Vladimir Strezoski,
PhD, Dragan Ivanović, Milenko Nikolić, M.Sc., Prof.Vladimir Milošević, PhD and Dragoljub Bakić. Right
from the beginning of its foundation, EC drew great attention of experts from the concerned areas who
took part already in the first conferences by applying for a large number of papers. It needs to be pointed
out that already during the first Conference peaks were noted in the number of papers, amounting to
50 accepted papers and pieces of information, which speaks alone of the professional public effect the
newly formed professional organisation had.
Chairmen:
Prof. Ljubomir GERIĆ, Miroslav MARKOVIĆ, Prof. Nenad KATIC, PhD Assistant Professor
PhD PhD Aleksandar JANJIĆ, PhD
(1997 – 2001) (2005 – 2007) (2001 – 2005 и (2015 –)
2007-2015)
E
xpert Committee 5 was established by decision of the JUKO-CIRED Executive Board, in 1997
under the name Efficient use of electricity, with a purpose of doing research on the issue
of metering and rational use of electricity, service quality and consumer relations. The
committee was chaired by Prof. Ljubomir Gerić, PhD at the first two conferences in 1998 and 2000.
At the conferences were presented around 20 papers from the area of tariff systems, remote metering
systems, small power plants and other aspects of effficient use of electricity.
By decision of the Executive Board in 2001, the work of Session 5 was expanded by current topics
of the opening of electricity market pursuant to the international practice of CIRED, and the committee
changed its name into the Market and efficient use of electricity. The committee chairmanship was
taken over by Prof. Nenad Katić, PhD with the aid of expert reporters Branislav Radović, M.Sc, and
Assistant Professor Željko Popović, PhD and the same committee task force worked in the following
two conference in 2002 and 2004. Around 30 papers from the area of restructuring, deregulation and
electricity markets, efficient use of electricity, metering devices, electricity calculations and management
information systems were presented at these conferences. In 2004, the Committee expanded its name to
Deregulation, market and efficient use of electricity“.
After setting up the new Executive Board in 2005, the committee chairmanship was taken over by
Miroslav Marković, PhD, with the aid of expert reporters Prof. Nenad Katić, PhD (electricity market),
Branislav Radović, M.Sc. (metering devices, electricity calculation and managemeng information
systems) and Assistant Professor Željko Popović. PhD (efficient use of electricity). The same committee
task force worked at the Fifth Conference in 2006, where around 20 papers were presented from the
preferential areas.
After the disintegration of Serbia and Montenegro and establishment of the CIRED Liaison Committee
of Serbia, the Session chairmanship as of 2008 was again taken over by Prof. Nenad Katić, PhD, and the
expert reporters were Branislav Radović, M.Sc. and Assistant Professor Željko Popović, PhD. The same
committee task force worked in the following four conferences, concluding with the Ninth Conference in
Chairmen:
Josif SPIRIĆ, PhD Assistant Professor Aleksandar Prof. Nenad KATIC, PhD
JANJIĆ, PhD
(1997 – 2005) (2005 – 2015) (2015 –)
E
xpert Committee 6 (Session 6) was established in 1997, under the title Distribution Systems
Planning and Development. The main task of this committee was the promotion of methods and
technique for distribution systems planning and development. The committee chairman was
Josif Spirić, PhD, who successfully chaired the committee until 2006. The committee members were Prof.
Miroslav Nimrihter, PhD, Dragoslav Jovanović, PhD, Slobodan Maksimović, Prof. Dobrivoje Stojanović,
PhD, Prof. Ilija Vujošević, PhD, from Montenegro, while the Committee Secretary was Assistant Professor
Aleksandar Janjić, PhD.
At 4 conferences where Spirić, PhD chaired the Session, 100 papers which covered all important
planning topics, such as the methods of network calculations, calculation of power flows, load diagrams,
analysis of of losses and planning of network operation in the presence of small power plants.Already
then, analysis was made within this Session concerning possible market transactions in the competitive
setting, however the emphasis was nevertheless on the methods for reducing electrictity and power
losses. A significant part of papers also referred to development plans of some distribution areas, where
analyses were made of different development scenarios depending on the load pickup rate. In this period,
there was a great number of authors from the regional countries working on current topics, common for
all electricity distribution companies.
As of 2006, the Session chairmanship was taken over by Associate Professor Aleksandar Janjić, PhD,
and the followings younger experts also worked in the Session at certain times: Saša Minić, Miodrag
Stojanović, M.Sc., Vladimir Šiljkut, PhD, Saša Djekić, PhD and Miroslav Dočić, M.Sc. This period was
characterised by many new topics and issues which electricity distribution planners had to face: financial
risk evaluation, multi-criteria planning, planning in situations of uncertainty, maintenance planning and
new technologies and devices in the network: energy storage systems and electrical cars.
By reorganising the Sessions in 2015, for the purpose of complying with the International CIRED,
some of the topics which used to be covered by this Session (and referred to the market, distributed
production and Smart Grids) moved to other committees, while the planning committee continued their
work under the new name of Session 5: Distributed Systems Planning. The Session continued their
The First Yugoslavien conference on electrodistribution was held in Zlatibor from 5 to 8 October
1998 and had a tremendous success both by the number of participants and the number of published
papers. Back then, a significant number of companies recognized their interest in presenting their
programs to the participants, thus enriching the technical aspect of electricity distribution.
800 PARTICIPANTS
158 PAPERS (39 in Session 1, 11 in Session 2, 14 in Session 3, 50 in Session 4,
21 in Session 5, 23 in Session 6)
40 SPONSORS AND EXHIBITORS
The second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution was held in Herceg Novi from September
26 to September 29, 2000.
500 PARTICIPANTS
137 PAPERS (27 in Session 1, 11 in Session 2, 20 in Session 3, 36 in Session 4,
16 in Session 5, 21 in Session 6, 4 papers in the 1st and 1 in the 2nd poster
session)
33 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
Opening Ceremony
Session 1
Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution was held in Vrnjacka Banja, October 15-18,
2002.
700 PARTICIPANTS
122 PAPERS (14 in Session 1, 8 in Session 2, 16 in Session 3, 29 in Session 4,
31 in Session 5, 17 in Session 6, 7 papers in special session)
39 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
The president of the International Conference on Electricity Distribution-CIRED and director DEFU-
Development company of Danish power industry Mr. Niels HAASE, was special guest and he officially
opened the conference.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
During the conference were organised:
Pre-seminar on the restructuring and deregulation of the electric power industry and the electricity
market - the experience of the Republic of Slovenia
Special session: Introduction of the ISO 9000 quality system, led by Dr Dragoljub TICA
(Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad) and expert rapporteur Ljiljana ERHARTIĆ (Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad).
2 Round tables:
Awarding of recognition:
Round Table 2
The Band
CIRED Committee of Serbia and Montenegro in cooperation with the CIRED Committees of Romania
and Bosnia and Herzegovina and utilities and experts from Macedonia and other countries from the
Region organized The First Regional Conference оn Electricity Distribution was held in Herceg Novi
October 5- 8. 2004.
Miodrag ČANOVIĆ, M.Sc., , Assistant Minister of Economy in the Government of the Republic
Montenegro officially opened the conference.
During the conference were organised:
A pre-seminar: ELECTRIC POWER DEREGULATION IN THE REGION
• Lecturers at the seminar were prominent experts from the countries of the region:
• Gligo VUKOVIĆ, PhD, European Agency for Reconstruction, presented the new EU Directive of
2003 on the electricity market and the Memorandum on the creation of the regional electricity
market in South East Europe,
• Predrag GRUJICIC, Adviser for Electric Power Engineering at the Ministry of Mining and Energy
of the Republic of Serbia, presented the new Law on Energy of the Republic of Serbia,
• Gordan TANIC, PhD, Electric Power Industry of Serbia, talked about preparations for the reform
of the Serbian electricity sector concerning the new Energy Law,
• Vinko BOŠNJAK, M.Sc., , Advisor to the General Director of the Electric Power Industry of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, spoke about the reform of the electricity sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ,
• Dragan ČIZMOVIĆ, Director of the Corporate Affairs Department of the Electric Power Industry
of Montenegro, presented the activities on the reform of the electricity sector of Montenegro,
• Stefan GHEORGHE, PhD, Vice President of the CIRED Committee of Romania, presented the
restructuring of the electricity sector of Romania,
• Rubin TALESKI, PhD, , presented the activities on the restructuring of Elektrostancanstvo
Makedonije,
• Bilјana POMMERVILLE, project manager Raiffeisen Investment AG from Vienna, spoke about
the company’s experiences in the privatization of the energy sector in the region.
Second Regional Conference оn electricity Distribution was held on Zlatibor, October 17- 20, 2006.
700 PARTICIPANTS
107 PAPERS (7 in Session 1, 17 in Session 2, 17 in Session 3, 24 in Session 4,
23 in Session 5, 19 in Session 6)
33 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
H.E. Mr Radomir NAUMOV, the Minister of Energy and Mining of the Republic of Serbia officially
opened the conference.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
During the conference were organised:
Pre seminar: Deregulation of the Electric Power Industry in the Region. Lecturers were:
• Vladimir JANKOVIC, M.Sc., from “Elektromreža Serbia“ (EMS) spoke of preparations of Energy
sector for the market liberatisation in Serbia
• Stefan WANJEK manager of Reiffeisen Investment AG from Austria, spoke of privatisation in
Energy sector in the region.
• Gordan TANIĆ, PhD, from Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia, gave presentation on
“Methods of price regulation“,
• Aca MARKOVIĆ, PhD, from Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia, gave presentation on “The
role of the Energy agency of the Republic of Serbia in the reforms of the energy sector“,
• Miroslav MARKOVIĆ from the Electric Power Industry of Montenegro, spoke of deregulation
and restructuring of Montenegro.
Opening ceremony
6th conference оn electricity distribution in Serbia and Montenegro with regional participation was
held in Vrnjacka Banja in the period from September 30 to October 3, 2008.
753 PARTICIPANTS
143 FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS
108 PAPERS (16 in Session 1, 16 in Session 2, 20 in Session 3, 19 in Session 4,
16 in Session 5, 21 in Session 6)
46 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
H.E. Prof. Dr. Petar ŠKUNDRIĆ, the Minister of Energy and Mining of the Republic of Serbia officially
opened the conference.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
During the Conference, a pre-seminar on Smart Grids was held. SmartGrids is a new European
Energy Supply concept implementing the technological platform which marked the beginnings of its
founding in 2005, with an objective to promote the new vision for the European electricity networks up
to 2020 and beyond.
Two round tables were also held:
ELECTRICITY LOSSES IN THE DISTRIBUTION ORGANIZATIONS AND PROBLEMS WITH THEIR
REDUCTION. Coordinator: Slobodan Kujovic.
EXPERIENCE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROTECTION SYSTEM AND ELECTRICITY
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER STATIONS. Coordinator: Dusan VUKOTIC, M.Sc.
Opening ceremony H.E. Prof. Petar ŠKUNDRIĆ, PhD, Minister of Energy and
Mining of the Republic of Serbia officially opened the
conference
Opening ceremony
Closing ceremony
7th conference оn electricity distribution with regional participation was held in Vrnjacka Banja in
the period from September 26 to October 1, 2010.
700 PARTICIPANTS
103 FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS
102 PAPERS (13 у СТК 1, 13 у СТК 2, 14 у СТК 3, 15 у СТК 4, 24 у СТК 5, 23 у СТК 6)
52 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
H.E. Prof. Petar ŠKUNDRIĆ, PhD, the Minister of Energy and Mining of the Republic of Serbia
officially opened the conference.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
The first day of the Conference was marked by a prominent well-attended pre-seminar on Smart or
Advanced Grids.
During the Conference, two round tables were held on the topics: Smart Grids and Non-technical
losses.
At the round table on NON-TECHNICAL LOSSES, three presentations were given. The first presentation
“ELECTRICITY LOSSES IN THE DISTRIBUTION GRID OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA“, by Ante Pavic,
from the Croatian electric power utility, was held, due to the author’s absence, by Dragoslav Jovanovic,
the round table moderator. The second presentation ”Non-technical electricity losses – Experience of PC
Electric Power Utility of B&H, d.d. Sarajevo” was held by Snjezana Tepavcevic from the Electric Power
Utility of B&H, while the presentation ”NON-TECHNICAL ELECTRICITY LOSSES” was given by Radovan
Stanic from EPS.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART-GRIDS SOLUTIONS AT PC EPS– STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS.
Opening ceremony
Round table 2
Award-winning authors
8th conference оn electricity distribution with regional participation was held in Vrnjacka Banja in
September 23-28, 2012.
700 PARTICIPANTS
150 FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS
130 PAPERS (15 in Session 1, 10 in Session 2, 15 in Session 3, 28 in СТК 4,
33 in Session 5, 29 in Session 6)
59 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
The conference was officially opened by Mirjana FILIPOVIĆ, PhD, former Assistant Minister of
Energy, Development and Environmental Protection in the Government of the Republic of Serbia.
The special guest of the meeting was the president of the international CIRED Mr. Herbert
HEIDVOGL.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
During the conference was organised session on Smart City. The lecturers were:
• Мiroslav LUTOVAC: Smart Grid, Electric Power Industry of Serbia Distribution Direction,
• Prof. Aleksandar JANJIĆ, PhD: Smart city, world experience,
• Smart City Novi Sad,
• Smart City Belgrade,
• Josip ALEKSIC, Schneider Electric, Telvent DMS: Smart city, roadmap,
• Kamstrup: Kamstrup’s visions for Smart Metering as the foundation for the Smart Grid.
RENEWABLE SOURCES. Coordinator: Miroslav LUTOVAC, the Electric Power Industry of Serbia
• Aleksandar VLAJČIĆ: Directives and obligations of legislation
• Saša MINIĆ: Previous experiences and problems in connecting renewable sources to distribution
network
• R. NEDIĆ: Additional requirements of distribution networks protection with integrated
renewable sources
PROBLEMATICS OF LOSSES. Coordinator: Radovan STANIĆ, the Electric Power Industry of Serbia
• R. STANIĆ: Issues of losses in Public company Electric Power Industry of Serbia
• D. SAVCIC, Z. TODOROVIC, D. MILICEVIC, S. ZARIC, Elektrodoboj: Distribution experiences in
Doboj on reducing losses
Mr. Heidvogl, Dr. Jovanović, Dr. Filipović, Dr. Marković, Dr. Strugar and Dr. Vybíralík
9th conference оn electricity distribution with regional participation was held in Vrnjacka Banja in
September 22-26, 2014.
690 PARTICIPANTS
114 FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS
107 PAPERS (9 IN fORUM, 22 - Session 1, 7 - Session 2, 18 - Session 3, 18 - Session 4,
15 - Session 5, 18 - Session 6)
59 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
Conference was officialy opened by Mr. Vojkan TRIFUNOVIC, Assistant Minister of Mining and
Energy in the Government of the Republic of Serbia.
The special guest of the conference was Mr. Herbert HEIDVOGL the representative of international
CIRED.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
On the first day of the conference, Forum Smart Grid was held in which 7 papers of authors from the
country and abroad were presented. Moderator: Zoran SIMENDIĆ, PhD.
Opening ceremony
Moderator Zoran SIMENDIC, PhD, Forum Smart Grid Meeting of the CIRED SERBIA Assembly
Awarded authors with Session Chairmen President of the Session 2 Prof. Vladimir KATIĆ, PhD
The 10th Jubilee Conference on Electricity Distribution Networks with Regional Participation was
held in Vrnjacka Banja in the period from September 26 to September 30, 2016
730 PARTICIPANTS
147 FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS
106 PAPERS (4 on the Forum, 27 - Session 1, 21 - Session 2, 15 - Session 3,
23 - Session 4, 10 - Session 5, 6 - Session 6)
61 SPONSORS, EXHIBITORS AND ADVERTISERS
The conference was opened by Olivera GUDŽULIĆ, Head of the Department for Electricity and
Technical Affairs, Department of Electric Power Industry of the Ministry of Mining and Energy in the
Government of the Republic of Serbia.
At the opening ceremony of the conferences, the highest awards were given for the successful work
and contribution to the development of the electricity distribution business: Dr. Dragoslav JOVANOVIĆ.
Six the most prominent papers were selected one for each thematic area. (Chapter THE MOST
PROMINENT PAPERS p. 66)
On the first day of the conference, the Smart Grid Forum was held. The coordinator was Dr. Zoran
SIMENDIC. Within the Forum, 4 papers by authors from the country and abroad were presented. Through
the presentations, the companies presented examples from the practice: ELNOS GROUP, Mihajlo Pupin
Institute - Automation, SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC, SIEMENS and GENERAL ELECTRIC.
Opening ceremony
Round table
Prof. Dr. Miroslav Prša with his students who took part in the conference
There were 14 business presentations of sponsors and exhibitors which were very visited.
During the Conference, 4 round tables were held on the topics :
• RESTRUCTURING OF THE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SECTOR IN SERBIA, Moderator:
Andrija VUKAŠINOVIĆ (EPSD, Belgrade)
• REDUCTION OF NONTECHNICAL LOSSES, Moderator: Nikola MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, B.Sc.E.E., EPS
Distribution
• MONITORING DEES RELIABILITY INDICATORS IN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY OF SERBIA
DISTRIBUTION DSO, Moderator: Željko POPOVIĆ, PhD (EPSD, Novi Sad)
• HERMETICALLY SEALED TRANSFORMERS 20 (10) / 0.42kV in DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
OF SERBIA - CONSTRUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES,
Moderator: Vladimir OSTRAĆANIN, Elektrosrbija Kraljevo
After assessing that there is a need to organise, between the biennial CIRED Serbia conferences,
quoloquia on the latest topics of importance for electricity distribution, the following colloquia were
organised in cooperation with the Serbian Chamber of Commerce:
The first colloquium was held twice, due to the amount of shown interest: on 3rd October 2013
and on 7th November 2013, at the Serbian Chamber of Commerce in Belgrade on the following subject:
ISSUES OF CONNECTING SMALL GENERATORS TO THE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
• Connection and operation of small power plants in the electricity distribution system. Lecturer:
Vladica MIJAILOVIĆ, PhD, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak.
• Impact of small power plants on the functioning of existing protection in electricity distribution
networks. Lecturer: Saša STOJKOVIĆ, PhD, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak.
• Impact of distributed energy sources on losses and voltage in the electricity distribution
network. Lecturer: Assistant Professor Željko DJURIŠIĆ, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
in Belgrade.
• Practical experience in preparing the technical requirements for connecting small power plants
and the effects of connection to the electricity distribution system. Lecturer: Radovan LEKIĆ,
Vladimir OSTRAĆANIN, Elektrosrbija, Kraljevo.
The second colloquium was held at the Serbian Chamber of Commerce on 22nd October 2015, on
the following subject:
RISK MANAGEMENT IN REHABILITATION OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION PLANTS
• Risk management in the electric power industry, international standards and world experience.
Lecturer: Assistant Professor Aleksandar JANJIĆ, PhD
• Maintenance of electricity distribution plants and risk. Lecturer: Velimir STRUGAR, PhD, EPM,
Montenegro.
In its twenty years of existence, CIRED Serbia has organised 10 conferences. The graphic
presentation by conference years reflect all changes that took place in the past period: disintegration of
the state, economic crisis and restructuring of electric power industries, all of which had an impact on
the registered number of conference participants. As for the applications for papers, the results were
stabilised as a consequence of stricter criteria on the selection of papers, as well as reduced motivation
for research work and writing papers. The number of commercial conference participants, irrespective
of all turbulences that took place, constantly grew.
The number of registered participants in conferences was in the range between 500 and 750,
although the events were actually attended by a considerably higher number of people.
After the first conference, when the number of registered papers exceeded 200, in the following
years that number veried from 110 to 160. Concerning the last few conferences, the number of registered
papers stabilised in the range of 130 to 150.
The Assembly is the highest authority of CIRED Serbia and consists of all the members of the CIRED
Liaison Committee of Serbia.
The Assembly meetings were held in the course of the conferences, to make decisions on issues
defined by the Articles of Association.
The Assembly Chairmen are also Chairmen of the Executive Board.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
The Executive Board consisted of: the chairman, deputy chairman and 10 (after 2007) or 11 (up to
2007) members. The associated members without the right of decision were the Secretary and Technical
Secretary.
The Executive Board of CIRED Serbia was convened, as a rule, twice a year to discuss all matters of
importance for the work of the Association and make necessary decisions.
The most frequent topics were conference preparations (which are biennial), improvements to
be made both concerning the organisation, as well as concerning the content and quality of the actual
conference work and received papers.
Depending on the current situation, pre-seminars and forums were organised. At such gatherings,
new tendencies in the world and in our country were discussed. Chances for our involvement in state of
the art processes were particularly highlighted.
Round tables were organised, where discussions took place on important current events, first and
foremost concerning the operation, management, planning and maintenance of electricity distribution
networks.
Also, in 2013 and 2015 colloquia were organised with invited lecturers, where most of all electrical
engineers from Serbia were familiarised with certain current topics.
The Conference gained a regional (international) character in 2004, which has been preserved to
the present day. Papers have been presented not only from the neighbouring countries but also, to a
smaller extent, from other European countries. Participants from the region, countries from former
Yugoslavia and, first of all, Romania with which active cooperation has been established right from the
beginning of the regional activities.
The Executive Board manages the work between two Assembly meetings.
Presidents:
Prof. Nenad KATIĆ, PhD (1997-2005)
Dragoslav JOVANOVIĆ, PhD (2005-2015)
Assistant Professor Zoran SIMENDIC, PhD (since 2015)
Vice Presidents:
Slobodan PETROVIĆ (1997-2000)
Dragan NOVAKOVIĆ (2002-2004)
Stevan MILICEVIC (2005-2010)
Goran RADOVANOVIĆ (since 2011)
Secretaries:
Dragoljub TICA, PhD (until 2002)
Dragoslav JOVANOVIĆ, PhD (2003-2005)
Dejan STOJADINOVIĆ, Secretary for Information (2002-2004)
Assistant Professor Zoran SIMENDIC, PhD (2013-2015)
Technical secretary:
Marija Erdeljan (since 2006)
Supervisory committee:
Mr. Velibor JOVANOVIC (1997-2000)
Konstantin ŽIVKOVIĆ (1997-2004)
Miodrag ANĐELKOVIĆ (1997-2004)
Milosav FILIPOVIĆ (2002-2004)
Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, PhD (Since 2005)
Josif SPIRIĆ, PhD (2005-2014)
Miodrag RISTIĆ (2005-2014)
Desimir BOGIĆEVIĆ (2011-2015)
Nenad MRAKOVIĆ (2014-2016)
Dragoslav PERIĆ, PhD (Since 2015)
At the ceremonial opening of the conference, the highest awards were given for successful work and
contribution to the development of electricity distribution activities. Winners:
On occasion of the anniversary of the special statue, they received support for all counseling:
At each conference, after the presentation of all papers the committee chairmen selected the most
prominent papers.
SESSION 1
1998. At the First Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of Session
1 – DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS, the selected paper was:
Р-1.12 ON THE EFFECTS OF INSTALLING EARTHING IN THE SAME TRENCH WITH 20 kV
POLYETHYLENE CABLES
Author: Vladimir BALKOVOJ, PE Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
Although polyethylene cables due to their insulation through electrical protection do not behave
as natural earthing, their contribution to lower voltage of earthing in substations during earth
connection is significant. This fact is frequently overseen, so that additional ribbon earthing
is needlessly applied in the same trench with polyethylene cables. The validity of conducting
additional earthing may be assessed through computation, in orderbto avoid unnecessary
works and costs.
2000. At the Second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 1 – ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION PLANTS AND LINES, the selected paper was:
Р-1.10 SHORTER DURATION OF LARGE FAULT REMOVAL IN SF 6 PLANTS
Author: Vladica MIJAILOVIĆ, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak
ABSTRACT
The paper gives an overview of measures, including major results of the technical and economic
analysis thereof, referring to improved accessibility of each SF6-plant chamber and shorter
duration of dismantling by early fault detection-prediction. Observed in detail, the following
was done in the paper:
• Analysis in terms of implementation of hybrid plants and comparison with corresponding
(similar) configuration of SF6 plants;
• Overview of methods used for fault prediction and location in SF6 plants;
• Overview of key results of viability analysis concerning procurement and implementation of
devices for continual monitoring of circuit-breakers, as the most expensive element of SF6
plants and
• Overview of the latest world research directed towards verifying the required reliability level of
electronic devices which may replace conventional devices used for plant monitoring.
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 1 - ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION PLANTS AND LINES, the selected paper was:
Р-1.7: IMPACT OF CABLES WITH NON-ISOLATED METAL SHIELD ON CHARACTERISTICS OF
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS EARTHING
Authors: Jovan NAHMAN, Dragutin SALAMON, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Vladimir
DJORDJEVIĆ, Electric Power Industry of Serbia
ABSTRACT
In the paper is proposed a model for assessment of characteristics of complex earthing systems
consisting of distribution substation earthing and MV cables metal shields supplied from the
2004. At the IV Conference, i.e. the Second Regional Conferense on Electricity Distribution in the Session
1: DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES, the paper was chosen:
I-1.3 CALCULATION OF CONDUCTOR TENSIONS OF A TENSION ANGLE SUPPORT TAKING INTO
ACCOUNT SHIFTING OF THE POLE BODY
Authors: Goran ŽIVADINOVIĆ, Electric Power Distribution of Belgrade, SCG, Đorđe GLIŠIĆ, Electric
Power Distribution of Belgrade, SCG
ABSTRACT
Тhe problem considered here was treated in Ref. [1] for particular case of tension-line support. This
paper deals with the influence of shifting (declination) of a tension-angle support on conductor
tensions and sags in neighboring sections of an overhead distribution line. The overhead line
designed with reinforced concrete pole and steel reinforced aluminum conductors is analyzed.
Shifting of tension–angle support is caused either by changing of conductor temperature and/
or different maximum working conductor tensions in two neighboring sections defined by
designer of overhead line. Shifting of the support caused only by different conductor tensions
at critical temperature is treated here. Influence of temperature on conductor tensions and sags
will be the subject of some other paper. It is pointed out that problem which appears in Ref.
[1], can be treated as a special case of consideration explained here. We hope that the matter is
comprehensively treated.
2006. At the Fifth Conference, ie the Second Regional Conferense on Electricity Distribution in the
Session 1: DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES, the paper was chosen:
R-1.2 TRANSFERRED POTENTIAL FROM SUBSTATION HV/MV BY THREE-PHASE LINE COMPOSED
OF THREE SINGLE-CORE CABLES
Authors: Dragan TASIĆ, Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Faculty of Electronics Niš
ABSTRACT
The medium-voltage single-core cables with crosslinked polyethylene insulation (i.e. cable
types XHE 48, XHE 49) have been finding more application lately. Therefore it is necessary to
analyze the grounding characteristics of the three-phase medium-voltage lines composed of
three single-core cables also. Because of that, this paper analyzes the grounding effects and the
potential transferred by three-phase line composed of three single-core cables. The influence
of the number of distribution substations, which the line supplies, as well as the influence
of grounding resistance of these substations on the intensity of the transferred potential are
considered.
The value of the transferred potential is largest on the earth electrode of the first distribution
substation, i.e. of the distribution substation nearest to the feeding substation. From the view
of the transferred potential, the worst case is when that is only substation supplied by the cable
line. By increasing the number of substations supplied by the line a significant decrease of the
value of the transferred potential on the earth electrode of the first substation occurs.
The value of the transferred potential depends on the number of substations supplied by the
cable line and on the modulus of the ratio of impedances and . If the value is larger, the value of
the transferred potential is that much lower.
In the cases when the first distribution substation is quite near to the feeding substation or
when there is a large difference in the distances between neighbouring substations, there is a
detailed calculation to be made, from the aspect of the transferred potential.
The steady value of the earth electrode impedance , which comprises the influence of the cable
line in calculation of the earth electrode of the substation, is achieved with a smaller number of
substations connected to the line if the value is larger.
Key words: transferred potential, substation, single-core cable.
2008. At VI Conference On Electricity Distribution in Serbia and Montenegro with regional participation
in the Session 1: DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES, the paper was chosen:
R-1.16 GROUNDING EFFECTS OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE CABLE LINES
2010. At VII Conference On Electricity Distribution in Serbia and Montenegro with regional participation
in the Session 1: DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES, the paper was chosen:
Р-1.13 CURRENT LOADING OF POWER LINES 10kV AND INFLUENCE ON SELECTION OF STANDARD
SECTION
Authors: Dragan TASIĆ, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš, Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, Electric Power
Distribution Belgrade, Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš
ABSTRACT
Underground cables are generally used in urban distribution networks because of urban
demands and requirement on high reliability. Medium voltage cables with cross-linked
polyethylene insulation are used in many developed countries. Development and usage of these
cables is especially significant in last thirty years. It should also be pointed out that cables with
paper insulation are still used significantly. The fact that paper cables are still used points on
their high reliability.
Technical recommendation of Electrical Utility Serbia no. 3 (TP 3) recommended NPO 13-A and
XHE 49-A cables with 50, 95, 150 and 240mm2 cross-section areas for 10kV cable networks.
Current-carrying capacity (ampacity) for 10kV three-core cables NPO 13-A, cross-section
150mm2 and 240mm2, as well as for 10kV single-core cables XHE 49-A, cross-section 120mm2,
150mm2 and 185 mm2 are analysed in normal and emergency operations. The analysis shows
that ampacity of cables in emergency operation is significant, and consequently it is allowed
overloading of cables in normal operations compared to existing practice.
Based on the conducted analysis, it can be concluded that, for cables with solid dielectric, type XHE
49 A, instead of standard cross section of cables that are adopted in TP 3, for common conditions
of cable laying without special screened sand, we should use for group cable laying cross section
of 185mm2, and for individual cable laying cross section of 120mm2. Besides economical reasons
for changes in TP 3 when standard cross sections for type of cable XHE 49-A, 10kV is in question,
previous use of cables with 150mm2 (240mm2) cross section often were leaded to requirement
for changing of current transformers ratio. If the usage of 10kV cables type XHE 49-A with cross
section of 150mm2 (240mm2) will be continued, it is necessary to check out optimal number of
MV feeders from HV/MV substation in accordance with ampacity for given cables.
Key words: Medium voltage cables, Current-carrying capacity (ampacity), emergency operation,
typical cross-section.
2012. At VIII Conference On Electricity Distribution In Serbia with regional participation in the Session
1: DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES, the paper was chosen:
2014. At IX Conference On Electricity Distribution In Serbia with regional participation in the Session
1: DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES, the paper was chosen:
Р-1.14 THE USE OF SPREADSHEETS TO CALCULATE THE RELIABILITY OF SUBSTATIONS
Authors: Dragoslav PERIĆ, EMS SERBIA, Belgrade, Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, Electricity Distribution
Belgrade, Nebojša PETROVIĆ, EMS SERBIA, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
This paper describes web application for calculating the reliability of using spreadsheets, with
special highlighting features that are characteristic of the web environment (teamwork, keeping
the data on the web, keeping history of changes, etc.). In the Web application has been made
program for the calculation of the reliability of substations using the method of selective search,
where all elements of the scheme are grouped into functional blocks. The program contains
sections relating to: data entry of elements of substation and the possibility of its change for
the sensitivity analysis, defining the composition and calculation of parameters of the blocks,
defining the impact of failures of blocks to the function of the plant, as part of the table and
graph show the results of calculations. For all parts of the program are given correct structures
and list the formula used. In addition, the article describes how to access and use the program
set on the web. Key words: spreadsheets, reliability, substations.
2016. At X Conference On Electricity Distribution in Serbia with regional participation in the Session 1:
POWER LINES ELEMENTS, the paper was chosen:
R-1.17 SELF AND MUTUAL IMPEDANCES OF POWER CABLES
Authors: Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Dragan TASIĆ, Nenad CVETKOVIĆ, University of Niš, Faculty of
Electronic Engineering, Niš
ABSTRACT
Having information about values of serial self and mutual impedance of cables is very important
for design of power cable lines, as well as for their exploitation. Self impedances of conductor and
metal sheath consist of their external and internal impedances and determining each of them
includes certain difficulties. Equations for calculating internal impedance of the circular solid
conductor are known for a long time. On the other hand requirement to increase current capacity
of cables has implied using of new constructive solutions for conductors as well as an increasing
conductor’s cross-section up to 3000mm2. For these conductors, earlier derived relations for
circular solid conductors cannot be applied directly. The main problem in calculation of self-
and mutual- external impedances is taking in consideration of the ground return path. Relations
for calculation of ground impedance for chosen frequency are known for almost a century.
However, they are not suitable for engineering calculations, since they require the computation
of modified Bessel functions of complex variables as well as numerical calculation of infinite
integrals that do not have a closed form solution. A large number of simplified engineering
relations have been developed to avoid numerical integration. These relations are often used
SESSION 2
1998. At the First Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of Session
2 – QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the selected paper:
Р-2.04 ELIMINATION OF HIGHER HARMONICS IN ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS BY APPLICATION
OF STANDARD TYPES OF FILTERS
Authors: Aleksandra POPOVAC DAMLJANOVIĆ, Еlectricity distribution Belgrade, Milan ĆALOVIĆ,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The increasing implementation of dervices with non-linear characteristics, especially energy
transducers, has resulted in a greater content of higher harmonics in electric power networks.
One of the methods for elimination of higher harmonics is also incorporation of higher harmonics
filters. The paper describes the standard types of higher harmonics filters. Moreover, the results
of calculations of higher harmonics elimination were tested on the example of switchyards of
Smederevo Iron Works and District Heating Station Voždovac.
2000. At the Second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 2 – POWER QUALITY IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the selected paper was:
Р-2.11 JEOPARDISED LOW-VOLTAGE NETWORK FROM ATMOSPHERIC OVERVOLTAGES
Authors: Milan S. SAVIĆ, Zlatan STOJKOVIĆ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The first part of the paper gives an overview of experience from other countries concerning
damages caused by inadequate surge protection from atmospheric overvoltages in low-voltage
networks and consumer installations. The second part of the paper gives a numeric simulation
of overvoltages caused by direct atmospheric discharge in different ranges of overhead lines in
front of the consumers. Research was done concerning the impact of point of lightning on the
overvoltage level of consumer, impact of earthing resistance of poles, as well as the impact of
equivalent capacity of plant installation.
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 2 – POWER QUALITY IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, the selected paper was:
Р-2.5 CONSUMER PROTECTION AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC OVERVOLTAGES BY SURGE DIVERTERS
AT THE POLE
Authors: Petar VUKELJA, Jovan MRVIĆ, Dejan HRVIĆ, the Nikola Tesla Institute, of Electrical
Engineering, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the efficiency of consumer protection against atmospheric overvoltages by
surge diverters at the pole in the low-voltage network with the TT supply system. Experimental
research and calculations were carried out. It was noted that surge diverters at the pole do not
ensure efficient consumer protection in buildings and that for overtvoltage consumer protection
additional protection needs to be imbedded into the switch cabinet of building.
2004. At the IV Conference, ie the First Regional Conference on Electricity Distribution in the Session 2:
POWER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the paper was chosen:
Р-2.9 RISK ASSESSMENT OF MIDDLE-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE FAILURES
RESULTING FROM LIGHTNING DISCHARGES
Authors: Miloš PROTIĆ, Elektroprimorska, Nova Gorica, Slovenia, Janko KOSMAČ, Electrotechnical
Institute «Milan Vidmar», Ljubljana, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
The paper presents one of possible methods for assessment of the failure risk of the particular
2006. At the V Conference, ie the Second Regional Conference on Electricity Distribution in the Session
2: POWER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the paper was chosen:
R-2.2 AN APPROACH TO MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT, BASED ON INDICES
OF QUALITY OF SUPPLY AND FAULT CAUSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Milanko RADIĆ, Elektrovojvodina, Novi Sad, Dušan RADIĆ, EM Inženjering LLC, Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
This article presents the results of four-year long processing of data about outages in the
distribution network of Elektrovojvodina, which have caused interruptions in supply of
electrical energy to the customers.
In articles published earlier, on conferences and in magazines, the same author has presented a
detailed review of indices of quality of supply and realization of basic aims, which are set at the
begining of the work on this subject, during year 2002.
Indices analysis have emphasized as long term goal the improvement of quality of electrical
switchgear maintenance, with the improvement of supply as the main goal.
Parallel with processing of indices of quality of supply, detailed fault analysis have also been
performed, in cases when these faults caused destruction of high voltage equipment.
By patient, long time recording and analysis of switchgear faults and incidents causes, the
equipment with lowest reliability was located and it was placed in focus of maintenance
planning.
The approach has been switched from theoretical to realy optimized maintenance, which along
with expense minimization enables increasing of operation reliability of distribution system.
Such approach to maintenance is worldwide known as RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance).
An assumption for implementation of this approach to maintenance is locating of low reliability
elements in operation. It is accomplished by using modern, microcomputer devices for
measuring and testing of indices of on-line equipment status.This way, unreliable elements are
located and faults are detected in an early phase, so that the maintenance plan could include the
necessary operations on repairing and replacement of these elements.
Aiming to implement this approach to maintenance, during year 2005. Elektrovojvodina has
purchased the newest diagnostic equipment for testing of protection devices, power and
instrument transformers and surge arresters. The plan for year 2006. includes purchasing of
fault recording device for substations 110/x and 35/xkV and a device for quality assessment of
delivered electrical energy.
During year 2005. this approach has helped to locate 58 unreliable instrument transformers
110kV in operation. This has resulted in planning of their replacement during year 2006.
Key words: reliability, maintenance, quality, interruption, fault.
2012. At the VIII CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO with
regional participation in the Session 2: POWER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the best paper
was chosen:
R-2.07 VOLTAGE CONDITIONS IN THE DIRECTLY SUPPLIED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH
DISTRIBUTED GENERATOR
Authors: Vedad BEČIROVIĆ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Sarajevo, Mirsad HASANIĆ, Concession
Committee of then Federation of B& H, , Sarajevo,
Bojan NIKOLIĆ, Selma HANJALIĆ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
SESSION 3
1998. At the First Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of Session
3 - DISTRIBUTION POWER LINES, the selected paper was:
Р-3.02 NONSTATIONARY STATES OF HEATING OF CONDUCTORS IN OVERHEAD POWER LINES IN
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Dragan TASIĆ, Faculty of Electronics, Niš, Nikola RAJAKOVIĆ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Belgrade, Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Faculty of Electronics, Niš
ABSTRACT
The paper presents a mathematical model for analysis of nonstationary states of heating of
conductors in overhead power lines, where conductors are observed as isothermic bodies. The
differential equation based on equal treatment of energy for conductor heating and energy where
one part goes for actual heating of conductor and the other part is carried from the conductor
surface to the surrounding environment, can be resolved, in each specific case, by means od
some of the numeric methods. Based on some assumptions, some of the variables in the original
mathematical model become constants, which makes it possible to obtain a simplified model
where an analytical solution of differential equation is posssible. These two approaches were
compared on a concrete example and it was noted that the simplified model is completely
satisfactory. Moreover, the simplified model makes it easier to envisage the dependance of the
conductor heating time constant on some values of influence.
2000. At the Second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 3 – DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS OPERATION, the selected paper was:
Р-3.02 AUTONOMOUS DEVICE FOR METERING VOLTAGE SAGS
Authors: Milan RADUNOVIĆ, Nikola PEŠALJ, Electricity Distribution Sombor, Srdjan STANKOVIĆ,
GAUS StS, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the device for transient resistances metering at disconnector poles,
disconnecting switches and circuit breakers in substations. The device is developed, and is
particularly convenient for field work (manual mode) at the time of substation overhauling
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 3 - DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS OPERATION, the selected paper was:
Р-3.13 DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTIC DIAMETRE OF BOUNDARY ZONE AROUND THE
CABLE FOR VARIABLE LOAD BY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENTS METHOD,
Author: Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, Electricity Distribution Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The paper analyses the impact of air temperature changes and temporal variable currents on
temperature changes in spatial points and around the cable. It presents the established impact
of temperature on transporting heat by convection in winter and summer ambient conditions.
The paper also presents the manner of establishing a characteristic diameter by means of which
the alternating heat resistance of earth is calculated by application of equivalent heat charts and
the finite elements method.
2004. At the IV Conference, i.e. the First Regional Conference on Electricity Distribution in the Session
3: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the paper was chosen:
R-3.16 CALCULATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES FOR INCREASE OF DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS RELIABILITY
Authors: Sreten ŠKULETIĆ, Jadranka RADOVIĆ, Vladan RADULOVIĆ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Podgorica, Serbia and Montenegro, Velimir STRUGAR, Electric power industry of Montenegro, Serbia
and Montenegro
ABSTRACT
Reliable electricity supply is one of the basic requirements set by the consumers, which must be
fulfilled both by the whole electric power system and its subsystems and some of its components
which are responsible for consumer supply. Electricity distribution systems on the one hand are
characterised by investment of considerable financial resources in their realisation and, on the
other hand, concentration of consumers which very much differ concerning their characteristics
and demands in terms of electricity supply continuity. For that reason, the assessment of
reliable electricty supply of consumers and the economic quantification thereof should, taking
into account damages caused by interrupted supply, be the essential components of electricity
distribution optimisation. This assessment can have a considerable impact on the concept of
system development. Elaboration of the reliability calculation metod, as well as determination
and calculation of reliability indicators, are the basic stages of research on the reliability of
electricity distribution systems. There are many methods from literature which analyse the
problem of reliability, both for some parts of the electric power system (generators, plants,
distribution lines etc.) as well as the entire system. These methods mutually differ in terms some
accepted and disregarded assumptions, possibilities of taking into account different impacts
and situataions and the complexity thereof. The most frequently used methods are: the Markov
state model, the Monte Carlo simulation method, the block-diagram method, the fault tree
method, and similar. In this paper based on the mathematical models, the Markov state models
method and the block diagram methods, programmes have been done in MATLAB which provide
computations and analyses of electricity distribution reliability indicators. The implementation
of these programmes and comparisons between their capabilities and features will be illustrated
on the example of reliability computations of the actual electricity distribution system. By using
these programmes and statistically processed data on failures in certain elements of the actual
electricity distribution system in a sufficiently long period in the past, characteristic reliability
indicators of the observed electricity distribution system will be determined. Through analysis
of the obtained results, in addition to comparing the charactersistics of used models, possibilities
2006. At the V Conference, ie the Second Regional Conference on Electricity Distribution in the Session
3 - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the paper was chosen:
R-3.4 FAULT RECORDER APPLICATION IN CALCULATING OF I2t DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT
BREAKERS MAINTENANCE CRITERION
Author: Saša STOJKOVIĆ, Faculty of Engineering, Čačak
ABSTRACT
In the maintenance of switching equipment transition from time-based to condition-based
maintenance is evident. The main objective is to avoid very expensive and often unnecessary
dismantling of arc extinguishing chamber and overhaul of operating mechanism. The experience
of many utilities in the world has shown that opening of arc extinguishing chamber in some
cases can reduce the availability of circuit breaker because of badly done work. Due to this
reason the application of monitoring and diagnostic techniques in order to determine breaker
state is used more and more.
On-line monitoring systems most often are not economically justified for distribution breaker
technologies. Due to that reason, in this paper the application of digital fault recorder in the
determining of i2t contact wear criterion is analyzed. Fault recorders are intended for many
specific analysis - short-circuits, relay protection operation, power quality analysis and so on.
But, if some technical and organizational conditions are met, they can serve as maintenance
support tool. In this paper it is presented how it can be done.
Key words: maintenance, monitoring, circuit breaker, fault recorder, electric contact wear,
overhaul.
2016. At the Tenth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participatio from the
field of application of Session 3 - MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION, the selected paper was:
Р-3.11 FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN ASYMMETRICAL LOAD
WITHIN THE MVDN OFF CITY OF BELGRADE
Authors: Goran ŽIVADINOVIĆ, Dušan VUKOTIĆ, ODS «EPS Distribucija» d.o.o. Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the computation of fault current with taking into account unbalanced
loads in the medium-voltage distribution network (MVDN), in the consumer area of Belgrade.
The calculation is done during short-circuits at various points along the radial direction of the
power line, at various types of failures. In the calculation, special attention is focused on the
problem, when equivalent load of a radial line is concentrated at the end of the line.
The calculation presented in the paper uses a method that is based on the direct writing of
Kirchhoff’s equations applied to the three-phase equivalent scheme, without reducing the
three-phase unbalanced system to the direct, inverse and zero components. Also, fault currents
calculation takes into account the different values of earth resistance of the transformer - from
directly grounded to the isolated transformer neutral. Within the computation, the influence of
unbalanced loads along the radial line is analyzed, where variation of equivalent consumption
at the end of the line is modeled by different values of apparent power and power factor (cos φ)
in each phases.
The real models of X/MV substation, radial line and unbalanced load is used, in which an
integrated automation equipment, i. e. an Intelligent Line Switches (ILS - ‘Reclosers’), is
integrated, in order to carry out a verification of the results of fault-current computation with
measurements that are registered in protective-control unit of ILS.
Also, over the same real network model was changed electrical parameters, dependent on the
place of occurrence of the fault in relation to the location of the built-ILS, as well as for different
types of faults (ground faults), impedances of transformer and power lines.
In order to check the detailed calculated value of the fault current when there is a microprocessor
protective-control unit (MPCU) in the MV substation cell, the registered data on the device due
to the transient faults along the feeder behind the ILS were used.
Key words: repair of power factor, capacitor banks.
SESSION 4
1998. At the First Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 4 – MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION, the selected
paper was:
Р-4.26 ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE
PROTOTYPE OF PROGRAMME PACKAGE SUPPORTING DISPATCH CONTROL
Author: Zoran MIŠKOV, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
The paper presents and analysis of some of the most essential concepts applied in implementing
the program package PoDiUM for operational energy support within the dispatch control, (the
programme title is a Serbian acronym from Support to Dispatch Network Control). The author
believes that the issue covered in the programme is related to an essential function of the
Technical Information Systems (TIS) of Elektrovojvodina. The level of detail related to the issue
2000. At the Second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 4 – MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION, the selected
paper:
Р-4.4 INITIAL CHANGE OF FAULTY POINT IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS
Authors: Duško BEKUT, Milan NENIN, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Branislav OREŠKOVIĆ,
Beočin cement factory, Beočin
ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the issue of initial assessment of place of short circuit – in medium voltage
networks. Required data for these analyses are obtained either through real network metering
or by means of a fast metering unit or adequate simulator. The latter approach is used in this
paper. For that purpose was developed a relatively simple simulator used as a replica for a real
faulty distribution network and fast metering unit. Analyses were done on several examples
on how changes in terms of type and place of fault, as well as changes in the medium voltage
network parametres effect the accuracy of faulty place assessment. The purpose of the paper
is to obtain information, from the performed analyses, on the performances of this approach
required for initial assessment of the place of fault.
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 4 - CONTROL AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the selected paper was:
Р-4.21 MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH TO RECONFIGURATION OF MEDIUM-VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
Author: Aleksandar JANJIĆ, Electricity Distribution Leskovac
ABSTRACT
Determination of optimal configuration of the distribution system is a complex task, as it has to
face many criteria, mostly the nonlinear ones which it has also to meet (lowest losses in power
and energy, highest reliability etc.) as well as numerous limitations (thermal cable endurance,
satisfactory voltage sags etc.). This reconfiguration is generally done seasonally, for the purpose
of adapting the network operation to seasonal conditions, or annually, in order to take into
account the natural load pick-up and network expansion. The general approach in seeking the
optimal configuration is cost minimisation based just on one criterion (generally minimisation
of active load losses), while the other criteria are tretaed as limitations. The paper performs an
economic evaluation of all individual critetria for the purpose of achieving minimum operating
costs of medium-voltage distribution network. On the test example, by applying the simulated
hardening technique, optimisation of the integrating state was achieved by simultaneously
meeting several criteria. An analysis was also made concerning the impact of some criteria on
the total value of operational costs. Although it is primarily intended for off-line analyses for the
purpose of successful network operation, this approach to reconfiguration may also be used, by
applying efficient browsing techniques, for operational network management.
2006. At the Fifth (Second regional) conference on electricity distribution from the field of application
of Session 4 - CONTROL AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the selected paper was:
Р-4.16 VERIFICATION OF THE STATE ESTIMATION FUNCTION IN ED SOMBOR
Authors: Zoran SIMENDIĆ, Elektrovojvodina, ED Sombor, Goran ŠVENDA, Vladimir STREZOSKI,
Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Vidoje MIJATOVIĆ, Elektrovojvodina, ED Sombor
ABSTRACT
A correct picture of actual state (normal or disturbed) is of crucial importance for distribution
networks management. Classical distributive networks with SCADA systems cover only
transformer stations of high/medium voltage. So, in control centers a small number of data
are available that describe the regime of considered distribution network. Unfortunately, that
number does not go beyond ten percent of the minimal number of facts essential for correct
calculation of the actual regime. It is the nonexistence of data that presents the basic motive
to form specialized algorithms for state estimation in distribution networks. Although state
estimation presents basic energy function on whose results analysis, management and planning
of dispatching of medium voltage distribution networks are based, standards for its formation
2008. At the Sixth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia and Montenegro from the field of
application of Session 4 - CONTROL AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the selected paper
was:
Р-4.18 INFLUENCE OF ENBEDDED GENERATION ON OPERATION OF EXISTING RELAY PROTECTION
IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Author: Saša STOJKOVIĆ, Technical Faculty in Čačak
ABSTRACT
It is well-known that distributed generation causes manifold important technical problems,
especially for relay protection and control. Relay protection of distribution network comprising
embedded generation can be different due to several reasons. There are several influences of
embedded generator to existing relay protection:
• Short circuit current in the network are changed,
• The nature of fault currents of asynchronous generator is different comparing
synchronous generator,
• The system is more complex with higher risk of fault,
• Nuisance tripping,
• Changed conditions of system earthing,
• Possibility of protection not to detect fault if generator at low-voltage side can not detect
fault on the medium voltage side,
• Increased risk of ferroresonance.
In the paper the relay protection functioning case study in one part of distribution network of
town Pozarevac is done. The ATP-EMTP software tool is used.
Key words: Relay protection, Distribution network, Power plant, Embedded generation, Power
system.
2010. At the Seventh conference on electricity distribution of Serbia and Montenegro from the field of
application of Session 4 - CONTROL AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, the selected paper
was:
Р-4.13 DATA LATENCY IN SUBSTATION 110/20kV
Author: Zoran SUBASIC, Elektrovojvodina, Novi Sad branch of Ruma
ABSTRACT
This paper is about data packet latency on a Switched Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN)
based on Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) that operate acording to IEC 61850 in substation
110/20kV «Ruma 1». In this substation some of time critical relay protection functions are
implemented in two ways:
Classic - For a single protection function are used binary Input/Output at the appropriate IED
2012. At the Eighth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participatio from the
field of application of Session 4 - PROTECTION AND OPERATION OF THE ELECTRIC NETWORK, the
selected paper was:
Р-4.19 EARTHING SWITCH TECHNIQUES FUNCTION ANALYSIS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
FUNCTIONING IMPROVEMENTS
Author: Budimir MITROVIC, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad, Branch ED «Ruma»
ABSTRACT
Power Distribution Company «Ruma» distributes electricity in five municipalities of Srem.
The whole area is covered with branched medium-voltage network, mainly 20kV voltage level.
For the elimination of transient faults on medium voltage distribution networks is used a
combination of earting switch techniques and auto reclose function. All 110/20kV substations
are equipped with local SCADA and are connected to the remote control system which gives us
the possibility of monitoring the performance of switching equipment and uniform system of
protection and control of the substation in the mode of failure. Department for measurement
and protection made an analysis of protection and automation for 2011. year. The first part
presents the results of the earting switch techniques and auto-reclose function in elimination of
transiet faults. Values are expressed as a percentage of total failures in the entire MV network
voltage of 20kV. The second part presents the shortcomings and suggestions for improvement
using comunication protocol IEC61850 or standard performance by wire.
Kay words: earting switch, auto reclose function, transient faults, IEC61850, GOOSE.
2014. At the Ninth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participatio from the
field of application of Session 4 - PROTECTION AND OPERATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS,
the selected paper was:
Р-4.03 IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID SYSTEM OF REMOTE CONTROL ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE LINES
IN THE TERRITORY OF ED «ELEKTROMORAVA» POŽAREVAC
Authors: Draško VIĆIĆ, Vladan TRIFUNOVIĆ, Nikola ŠLJUKIĆ, PD «Centar» d.o.o. Kragujevac, ED
«Elektromorava» Pozarevac, Nikola POPOVIC, «InfoProjekt» d.o.o, Valjevo
ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the issues of designing and implementation of remote control system in
«PIM» feed, of the voltage level of 10kV, which is mostly located in the territory of the National
Park «Đerdap».
Transmission line feed - «PIM» passes through the National park «Đerdap», and it is mostly
inaccessible due to the lack of roads, especially during winter. Consequently, for every failur,
time of troubleshooting and commissioning of transmission lines under the voltage is largely
extended and the consumers suffer the most.
Long-standing problem demanded a solution, which is standardly implemented by introducing
of the remote control system, and by sectioning of the branches under the failure, and by
commissioning of the rest of the transmission line under the voltage. However, an additional
2016. At the Tenth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participatio from the
field of application of Session 4 - DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENT USE OF POWER the
selected paper was:
Р-4.03 MODELING AND SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS WITH LARGE
NUMBER OF THREE-PHASE INVERTER BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS
Authors: Luka STREZOSKI, Vladimir KATIĆ, Boris DUMNIĆ, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
A procedure for calculation of modern active distribution systems with short-circuits is presented
in this paper. Traditional distribution systems were passive and no energy was produced there.
The single role of the distribution system was to distribute energy from the supply substations
to the consumers. Both modeling and calculations regarding these systems are well established
and used for decades in the power industry. However, recent years have witnessed increasing
penetration of distributed generators (DGs). Therefore, these systems have become active.
Thus, calculation and modeling of the modern active distribution systems cannot be performed
in a traditional way. Most of the modern DGs use renewable energy sources, such as sun and
wind. These DGs are in most cases three-phase inverter based (IBDGs). As their generators are
decoupled from the grid by three-phase inverters, their models are dependent on the inverters’
settings and not on the machines themselves. Therefore, in the system with short-circuit, IBDGs
cannot be modeled as traditional synchronous or induction generators. The IBDGs’ inverters
can be set in different ways, depending on the specific requirements of different countries. Most
of the developed countries have their own Grid Codes with strictly defined rules of how should
IBDGs react in the case of short-circuit anywhere in the grid. In most cases it is required that
IBDGs remain connected to the grid throughout the whole duration of the short-circuit. This
requirement is known as a Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT). In this paper, short-circuit models
for IBDGs are developed based on the Grid Codes of the several most developed countries and
their LVRT requirements. Consequently, these models are integrated in the recently developed
real-time short-circuit calculation method for active distribution systems. They are tested on
large-scale distribution systems including high quantity of IBDGs. The results show that these
models can be successfully used in short-circuit calculations for numerous power applications in
distribution management system, such as Relay protection settings and coordination, Protection
equipment (circuit breakers and fuses) selection, Equipment design, Supply restoration, Fault
management, etc. Index Terms—Distribution system, distributed generation, distribution
management system, short-circuit calculation.
Key words: Distribution system, distributed generation, distribution management system,
short-circuit calculation.
SESSION 5
1998. At the First Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of Session
5 – EFFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY, the selected paper was:
Р-5.19 PROPOSED REQUIREMENTS FOR CONNECTING SOURCES OF SMALL CAPACITY TO THE OF
2000. At the Second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 5 – EFFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY, the selected paper was:
Р-5.04 DIRECT LOAD CONTROL WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF ASSIGNING THE SHAPE OF SYSTEM
LOAD DIAGRAM
Authors: Ervin VARGA, EssNet Lottery Services Ltd, Budapest, Hungary, Zora KONJOVIĆ, Faculty of
Technical Sciences –Institute for computation and automation, Novi Sad, Ljubomir GERIĆ, Faculty of
Technical Sciences – Institute for energy, electronics and telecommunications, Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
The paper presents a model for coordinated load control of residential and industrial consumers
which can implement the assigned shape of load diagram within the system. The model is
based on the genetic algorithm application. The model allows the electric power industry full
coordination of load control and management of operation of sources. On the other hand, the
model allows full freedom of load control on the level of electricity distribution companies, if
the electric power industry allocates the load control on such system level, assigning thereby to
electricity distributions the desired shape of their consumers’ load diagram.
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 5 – MARKET AND EFFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY, the selected paper was:
Р-5.12 POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION IN THE CONSUMER AREA OF
EDB
Authors: Dušan VUKOTIĆ, Nebojša KRSTIĆ, Electricity Distribution Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The paper presents implementation of distributed electricity generation (Distributed Generation
- DG) and gives possible guidelines on changes in the legal and technical regulations related to the
issue of connection of such, for us untypical, generating capacities, in the consumer area covered
by EDB. In addition to that, analyses are given concerning several possible DG applications and
resulting benefits both for the consumers, as well as EPS on the whole. A detailed analysis of
possible implementation of the DG system in terms of district heating plants connected to the
35 and 10кV distribution network, for the purpose of perceiving the possible injecting capacity
which would be gained from such sources.
2004. At the Fourth conference, and First regional conference on electricity distribution networks in
the field of application of Session 5 – DEREGULATION, MARKET AND EFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY,
the selected paper was:
Р-5.28 TARIFF SYSTEM FOR REACTIVE ENERGY AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA FOR REACTIVE POWER
COMPENSATION IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
Author: Miloje KOSTIĆ, the Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
Consumers who, in addition to active energy, take over reactive energy as well, load the elements
of electric power system by increased current, starting from the point of connection up to
the power plant generator inclusive. The consequence of that were greater power losses and
increased apparent loads (in kVA), which requires more intensive dimensioning of transmission
capacities. And both bring additional costs which may be attributed to reactive energy. That
is the reason for defining in the tariff systems excessive reactive energy as a tariff element (
accounting criterion).
When a certain consumer makes a compensation of reactive energy, that leads to (marginal)
2006. At the Fifth conference, and Second regional conference on electricity distribution networks in the
field of application of Session 5 - DEREGULATION, OPEN MARKET AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY,
the selected paper was:
P-5.15 APPLICATION OF ‘FUZZY’ LOGIC IN DETECTION OF UNAUTHORIZED ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION BY CUSTOMERS WITH SINGLE-RATE TARIFF METERS
Authors: Josif SPIRIC, «Jugoistok» branch Leskovac, Aleksandar JANJIC, «Jugoistok» Nis
ABSTRACT
With this report authors sum up the method of detection of unauthorized electricity consumption
of applying ‘’fuzzy’’ logic.
The subject matter is customers categorized as households with single-rate maters.
Based on the chosen criteria functions of inclusion in ‘’fuzzy’’ groups are formed, functions
of in inclusion in ‘’fuzzy’’ groups for the estimation of suspicion are set according to the ‘’if-
then’’ system. After the applied process of ‘’fuzzy’’ deduction, defuzzification, through which
the ‘’fuzzy’’ conclusion is transformed into a real number which represents the estimation of
suspicion, is carried out.
Key words: unauthorized consumption, fuzzy groups, fuzzy logic, defuzzyfication.
2008. At the Sixth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia and Montenegro from the field of
application of Session 5 - DEREGULATION, OPEN MARKET AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY, the
selected paper was:
Р-5.11 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR CUSTOMER SPENDING CATEGORY WITHIN THE TARIFF SYSTEM
FOR ELECTRICITY SETTLEMENT FOR BUYERS
Author: Aca VUČKOVIĆ, Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
Based on the liability defined by the Energy Law, the Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia
determines the methodology and prepares Tariff system for electricity settlement for tariff
buyers. The maximum allowed revenue of the energy entities is defined in the methodology. The
allowed revenue is provided by selling electricity to tariff buyers. The Tariff systems for tariff
2010. At the Seventh conference on electricity distribution of Serbia and Montenegro from the field
of application of Session 5 - DEREGULATION, OPEN MARKET AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY, the
selected paper was:
Р-5.20 FIRST PHASE OF DEPLOYMENT OF AMI/MDM SYSTEM IN JP EPS
Authors: Saša MARČETA, Boris HOLIK, Vladan GAČIĆ, Elektrovojvodina, Novi Sad, Saša TOŠIĆ,
Jugoistok, Niš
ABSTRACT
This paper results from the document «Functional requirements and technical characteristics
of AMI / MDM system, » which was prepared by the expert group from JP EPS in second half of
the year 2009, while developing the concept of advanced distribution network (SmartGrids).
AMI/MDM is an advanced system for measuring and managing the consumption of electrical
energy, remote meter reading, data processing and archiving. The system, as a part of the
Smart Grid platform, comprises advanced measurement infrastructure (AMI), remote reading
management (AMM - Advanced Meter Management) and metered data management and storage
(MDM/R - Meter Data Management/Repository).
This paper presents the description, objectives, principles and functions of the AMI/MDM
system in the power distribution companies of JP EPS. Proposes the system architecture for
the initial phase of deployment, with special emphasis on the AMI. Explains the choice of
communication technologies, given the context of possible technological solutions and results
of standardisation process in the European Union. Presents the performances, enabled by the
proposed solution.
Paper ends with the proposed strategy of AMI/MDM system deployment in the power distribution
companies of JP EPS. Analysis of different approaches to consumption management emphasises
the advantages of using a modular approach, approach that allows gradual introduction and easy
system customisation, in accordance with the future technological, economical and financial
circumstances.
Key words: AMR, AMI, AMM, MDM, Smart Metering, Smart Grid, Remote Reading.
2012. At the Eighth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participatio from the
field of application of Session 5 – DEREGULATION, OPEN MARKET AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY,
the selected paper was:
Р-5.16 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES OF WIND TURBINES
Authors: Vladimir KATIĆ, Boris DUMNIĆ, Dragan MILIĆEVIĆ, Stevan GRABIĆ, Nenad KATIĆ, Faculty
of Technical Sciences Novi Sad, Serbia
ABSTRACT
In a continued effort to reduce the cost, increase the reliability, and improve the efficiency of
wind energy conversion systems (WECS), a variety of configurations have been developed and
2014. At the Ninth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participation from the
field of application of Session 5 - DEREGULATION, OPEN MARKET AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY,
the selected paper was:
Р-5.10 VOLTAGE AND POWER FACTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR SYNCHRONOUS
GENERATORS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Authors: Savo ĐUKIĆ, Obrenko ČOLIĆ, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
In recent years we have witnessed the expansion of requests for connection of power plants
to the distribution system. Grid connection of distributed generation changes power flows,
voltage profiles, losses, fault levels, power quality and affects the operation and coordination
of protective equipment. In Serbian distribution networks both manual and automatic voltage
control are applied in order to maintain the voltage within prescribed limits. Automatic voltage
control is carried out in 110/xkV/kV distribution substations by using On Load Tap Changers
with current-dependent characteristic. Manual voltage control is carried out in 35/10kV/kV
and 20(10)/0, 4kV/kV distribution substations in the no-load condition. New Distribution code
will prescribe the implementation of voltage control for synchronous generators connected
to the distribution network. Exceptionally, the distribution system operator may require
the implementation of power factor control, if the analysis show that it is a better solution
for the distribution system. This paper analyzes the provisions of the new Distribution code
relating the voltage and power factor control of the synchronous generators connected to
distribution network. It provides an overview of several strategies that are commonly used,
with consideration of the advantages and disadvantages. Also discussed is the impact of power
plants to the existing system of automatic voltage control in Serbian distribution networks.
For an example of connection of synchronous generator to the 20kV distribution network, for
different network parameters and modes of consumption, the impact of a given power factor of
the synchronous generator to voltage profiles and power losses is analyzed.
Key words: voltage control, power factor control, synchronous generator, distribution network.
2016. At the Tenth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participation from the
field of application of Session 5 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PLANNING, the selected paper was:
Р-5.03. ASYMMETRICAL POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF ACTIVE THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION
NETWORKS
Authors: Vladimir C. STREZOSKI, Nikola R. VOJNOVIĆ, Predrag M. VIDOVIĆ, University of Novi Sad,
Faculty of Technical Sciences
ABSTRACT
The established smart distribution grids concept significantly tightens requirements for
development of power applications (calculations) which are tailored in accordance with this
modern concept. Since the set of power applications is the basic component of distribution
management system (DMS), this system became very important for the development of smart
distribution grid concept. The Power Flow Calculation is the basic DMS power application. It is
the platform for the majority of other power applications. Power Flow Calculation is the main
subject of the paper. The great majority of the «normal» states of transmission (three-phase)
networks is approximated by (direct sequence) symmetrical states. Unlike the states of these
networks, states of three-phase (European) distribution networks cannot be approximated by
symmetrical ones generally. The asymmetry is specially emphasized in low-voltage networks’
states. In addition to unbalance of these networks’ lines, their unbalanced loads introduce high
SESSION 6
1998. At the First Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of Expert
Committe 6 – PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, the selected paper was:
Р-6.11 OPTIMAL TEMPORAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT TAKING INTO
CONSIDERATION THE RELIABILITY CRITERIA
Author: Aleksandar JANJIĆ, ЕD Leskovac
ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the issue of determining the optimal years for construction of new elements
of the network (line, transformer вод), taking into consideration all relevant economic and
technical criteria. A brief review is given of the methods applied today in developed electricity
distribution companies around the world, concerning the optimisation of time for putting
into operation new elements. Comments are made on the criteria applied in our country in
making decisions, with special reference to the reliability criteria. A methodology for economic
evaluation of all criteria is proposed and an illustrative example is given in terms of determining
the time of putting into operation the second transformer in a facility with 2 transformers.
2000. At the Second Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 6 – PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, the selected
paper was:
Р-6.15 REDUCING THE LEVEL OF LOSSES IN THE LOW VOLTAGE NETWORK OF PE ELEKTROSRBIJA
KRALJEVO
Authors: Milomir BELČEVIĆ, Elektrosrbija-Electricity Distribution Kraljevo, Vladica MIJAILOVIĆ,
Technical faculty Čačak
ABSTRACT
The paper gives procedures and results of technical and economic analyses conducted for the
purpose of determining the validity of certain measures applied for reducing the technical losses
of active energy in the LV network. Analyses were made as to the effects and validity of applying
higher voltage, increased cross-sections at LV lines, increased number of derivates from supply
substations and reduction of existing derivates for the purpose of determining the validity of
constructing new MV/LV SS or shifting the load to the neighbouring SS. Data on losses are also
given in case of assumed degree of load asymmetry by phases.
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Session 6 - PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, the selected
2004. At the Fourth conference and First international regional conference respectively, on electricity
distribution networks from the field of application of Session 6 - PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, the selected paper was:
Р-6.1 ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF PEAK POWER
Authors: Slobodan MAKSIMOVIĆ, Dobrivoje VUJIĆ, Maja SLIJEPČEVIĆ, Electricity Distribution
Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The paper analyses the impact factors on peak power of the consumer area of PE Electricity
Distribution Belgrade (EDB), based on data on the last 14 years. Namely, until the new tariff system
was brought, annual peak power forecasts of EDB were done by means of linear extrapolation in
the function of time, where the length of historic period was 10 years. During the second winter
after applying the new tariff system (winter 2001/2002), there was a considerable decrease in
the peak power on the level of consumer area and a large number of substations X/10kV. That
opened a dilemma: whether to continue with the past practice of linear extrapolation or try the
modelling of impact on the new tariff system. An attempt was made here to design the impact
2006. At the Fifth conference, and Second regional conference on electricity distribution networks in
the field of application of Session 6 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, the selected paper was:
Р-6.1 ECONOMIC CURRENT DENSITY AND THE SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CROSSECTION OF
Al-Fe CONDUCTOR OVERHEAD 10kV LINES
Authors: Vladimir M. ŠILJKUT, Slobodan MAKSIMOVIĆ, Miladin TANASKOVIĆ, Electric Power
Distribution Belgrade, Belgrade, Goran VULIĆ, Pančevo
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the manner of economic current density determination for overhead lines,
as well as value determination of parameters on which it depends: line investments costs,
maximal power losses equivalent duration time and electrical energy price. Economic current
density value was calculated for real cases of two new projected overhead 10kV lines, with Al-
Fe conductors. These two lines were different in the number of poles per line length, to show in
which scale economic current density depends on this line’s characteristic.
For investment and specific line costs determinationtion, complete technical calculations and
equipment list with corresponding price estimation were done - for both 10kV lines, in all three
possible variations of Al-Fe conductor cross-section: 50/8, 70/12 i 95/15mm2.
The values of economic current density for overhead 10kV line were determined depending on
the range of maximal power losses equivalent duration time on this network element, and on
the interval in which the electrical energy price is expected to increase in the next few years.
In order to determine realistic range of maximal power losses equivalent duration time for
overhead lines, registrated current loads of eleven overhead 10kV lines were analized. The
price of electrical power losses was varied from 3 €cent/kWh (current electrical energy price
in 2004) to 5 €cent/kWh (minimal economic price, which obtains simple reproduction and
normal operation of Electrical Power Industry, without commercial losses).
Based on the range of economic current density, determined on the way descripted here, and
also on relation between current density and maximal possible loads of overhead 10kV lines (for
three standard Al-Fe conductor’s cross-section), optimal i.e. economic loads were calculated. By
that, this paper shows which cross-section are optimal for expected line loads. Based on these
results, this paper suggests corresponding conclusions, which could be of strategic significance
for overhead lines planning and projecting.
Key words: economic current density, maximal power losses equivalent duration time, electrical
energy price, line investments costs, line’s optimal cross-section.
2008. At the Sixth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia and Montenegro from the field of
application of Session 6 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, the selected paper was:
6.1.5 STATIC LOAD CHARACTERISTICS ON 35KV LEVEL OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF NIS
Authors: Lidija KORUNOVIĆ, Dobrivoje STOJANOVIĆ, Faculty of Electronics Niš
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of identification of static load characteristics on the basis of field
measurements during experiments of voltage changes by on-load tap changer. Large number
of experiments in summer and winter season in TS “Niš 13“ is performed on transformer
110/35kV which supplies mostly residential load.
Static load characteristics on 35kV voltage level are obtained in the form of second order
polynomials (ZIP model) for morning, afternoon and evening of working day and weekend. Since
many experiments are performed, characteristics are statistically processed and representative
characteristics which adequacy is confirmed are suggested. Besides, representative polynomial
characteristics are approximated by most frequently used, exponential, load model in examined
2010. At the Seventh conference on electricity distribution of Serbia and Montenegro from the field of
application of Session 6 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, the selected paper was:
Р-6.13 GRAPH THEORY BASED FORMULATION OF MULTI-PERIOD DISTRIBUTION PLANNING
PROBLEMS
Authors: Željko N. POPOVIC, Elektrovojvodina, Dragan S. POPOVIC, Telvent DMS, В. Đ. KERLETA,
Technical Faculty «Mihajlo Pupin» Zrenjanin
ABSTRACT
Distribution expansion planning is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Various
heuristic and mathematical models proposed for solving such a complex problem have been
categorized in several ways. One of the major characteristics of these models is whether they
consider a single planning period or multi planning periods. Although multi-period problems
are far more challenging to formulate and considerably more complex computationally they
offer more useful and precise results. The multi-period problems are formulated as complete
dynamic problems and decomposition problems.
Complete dynamics refers to the multi-period planning problems formulated within the single
algorithm. Two main groups of methods have been used for solving such problems: artificial
intelligence (AI) based methods and mathematical programming based methods.
The proposed complete dynamic AI models are mostly based on genetic algorithms (GA).
They employ classical genetic operators (mutation and crossover) to model interdependences
between periods. However, the inadequacy and inefficiency of such conventionally structured
GAs for solving distribution network planning problems have been noticed in literature.
Mathematical programming based methods mostly employ mixed integer linear programming
(MILP) algorithms. Due to significant computational complexity of MILP models, which
additionally increases in multi-period problems, they become limited to smaller size multi-
period problems.
Decomposition models aim to reduce computational complexity of complete dynamic models
and to enable handling of larger size problems by dividing multi-period problems into a
number of single-period (static) planning problems. Heuristics employed in all of the proposed
decomposition algorithms take into consideration only a part of the interactions that exist
between periods. Furthermore, the considered interactions are modeled inaccurately. Hence,
the suggested algorithms cannot find the best possible solution of multi-period planning
problems, regardless of the static algorithms used.
This paper proposes a graph theory based formulation of multi-period planning problems,
which overcomes above-mentioned deficiencies. Multi-period planning problems, with
arbitrarily defined planning objectives (e.g., minimization of investment costs, costs of losses,
costs of interruptions) are represented by a weighted graph where different nodes represent
different future periods and arcs, which connect those nodes, represent interactions that exist
between periods. Associated with arcs are appropriate transitions costs (weights) through
which all interactions between periods are taken into account accurately. In this way, multi-
period problems are decomposed into a number of sequences (spanning paths) of static
problems without loss of accuracy and the goal becomes to find a spanning path with least
weight (costs). For solving this graph problem, a new dynamic programming algorithm is
proposed. The peculiarity of the elements of distribution networks is also exploited here in
order to build the procedure that reduces the computational complexity of proposed dynamic
programming algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm ensures that optimal solution of larger
size multi-period planning problems can be found efficiently. Obtained numerical results
show that proposed approach produces higher quality multi-period solutions than previously
developed decomposition models.
2012. At the Eighth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participatio from the
field of application of Session 6 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, the selected paper was:
Р-6.17 MODELLING OF TRANSFORMERS AND DISTRIBUTED SOURCES IN RESPECT OF ESTIMATED
DISSYMMETRICAL POWER FLOWS WITHIN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Authors: Jordan RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, Miroljub JEVTIĆ, Dardan KLIMENTA, Faculty of Technical Sciences
Kosovska Mitrovica
ABSTRACT
In this paper are presented three-phase transformer and distributed generator (DG) models
in backward/forward speep-based power flow algorithm for unbalanced radial distribution
networks. The model of three phase transformer is obtained by applying the symmetrical
components theory. Distributed generators are modeled as PQ and PV nodes. IEEE four-node
test feeder is used to validate the proposed model of three-phase transformer. The effect of
different models of DGs on the voltage profile and power losses is analyzed for the IEEE 37-node
test feeder.
Key words: distribution network, three-phase transformer, distributed generator, unbalanced
power flow, symmetrical components.
2014. At the Ninth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participation from the
field of application of Session 6 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, the selected
paper was:
Р-6.08 UNDELIVERED ELECTRICITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE EFFECTS OF NETWORK
AUTOMATION IN EDB – „ELECTRIC UTILITY OF BELGRADE“
Authors: Nada VRCELJ, Elektrotehnicki institut «Nikola Tesla», Belgrade, Dusan VUKOTIC, Electricity
Distribution Belgrade, Danka KECMAN, the Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Enginering, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
The liberalization of the electricity market brings new demands in terms of quality of electricity
supply, as well as in the management of the electric power grid. In the new business environment
improvement and integration of information systems are becoming one of the basics of effective
business electric utilities. In accordance with the new requirements are increasingly investing
in automation of electric distribution grid, and increase opportunities for supervision and
management of the network, primarily at the level of MV electric power grid.
Achieved effects of these investments can be evaluated in several ways. One of them is the
topic of this paper. It is about calculation of undelivered electricity in some parts of the 10kV
MV electric power grid of EDB, before and after the integration of embedded reclosers to MV
SCADA EDB. Within MV SCADA EDB integrated a total of 88 (eighty-eight) reclosers installed
via a radio-system for remote monitoring and control of MV electric grid of EDB, where the first
integration unit started in 2010. Built-in reclosers are in addition to standard safety features
typical of 10kV feeders, its productivity, and finished with a complete measuring structure
(current, voltage, active and reactive power) which is superior in telemetric to Control Centre
(CC) of EDB, where the complete archive. On the other hand, the built-in reclosers that are not
integrated at this stage, possess the ability of local archiving list of events and alarms, as well
as analogue measurements on the device, so that these data were used as input data for the
presented calculation. Collecting data for the calculation is started from the very beginning of the
project realization radio-system for remote monitoring and control of MV electric grid of EDB,
before the integration of reclosers into MV electric grid of EDB, so that they obtained good data
on exclusions, which could be used calculation for undelivered electricity for the corresponding
part of the electric power grid of EDB. The paper gives a brief description of the method, which
is used for the purpose of revenue, which is adapted to the type of available input data.
By analysis of the reports of the outage is possible to calculate the electricity undelivered for
any exclusion in the automation part of electric grid of EDB. On the way as described above for
individual parts of MV network was possible to monitor the change of undelivered electricity
and duration of the exclusion from the time of installation of the target recloser into MV network
of EDB to date. The paper gives detailed examples of the calculation, as well as a brief analysis
2016. At the Tenth conference on electricity distribution of Serbia with regional participation from the
field of application of Session 6 - ELECTRICITY MARKET AND DEREGULATION the selected paper was:
Р-6.03 RELIABILITY INDICES AND APPLICABILITY OF INCENTIVES METHODS TO IMPROVE
AVAILABILITY – CASE STUDY WITH SUBSTATION 110/35 Kv “BELGRADE 10 - MISLODJIN”
Authors: Milivoje MINIĆ, University of Belgrade, Željko MARKOVIĆ, University of Belgrade - Faculty of
Electrical Engineering, EPS Belgrade, Aca MARKOVIĆ, Energy Agency, Belgrade
ABSTRACT
Proces restrukturiranja elektroenergetskog sektora dovodi do promena u organizaciji i
funkcionisanju energetskih subjekata, ali i u njhovom odnosu prema korisnicima. S tim u vezi ovaj
rad se bavi pitanjem pogonske spremnnosti elektroenergetskog objekta – TS 110/35kV Beograd
10 Mislođin. Ova trafostanica odabrana je zbog najlošijeg stanja, u eksplotacionom smislu, od
svih objekata koji su preuzeti od JP EMS. Specifičnost ove trafostanice je konstantan paralelan
rad transformatora. Prikazani su ispadi i kvarovi na elementima predmetne trafostanice, kao i
njihov uticaj na potrošače, što je prikazano SAIDI, SAIFI i ENS pokazateljima kvaliteta. Tumači
se novi način izračunavanja pokazatelja kvaliteta u skladu sa novim pravilnikom o internim
ekonomskim odnosima ODS – a, odnosno rangiranju ogranaka po uspešnosti. U zaključku rada
dati su neki od predloga za povećanje pogonske spremnosti ove trafostanice.
Ključne reči: pogonska spremnost, SAIDI, SAIFI, ENS.
2002. At the Third Yugoslav conference on electricity distribution from the field of application of
Special topics of the conference Introduction of the quality system ISO 9000, the selected paper was:
П-7.06 IMPLEMENTATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS IN THE FUNCTION OF CONTROL OF
CONSUMER VOLTAGE
Author: Filip GANTAR, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the new manner of servicing electricity supply to consumers, according to
the standard ISO 9000, with identified and defined activities focused on ensuring the voltage
quality of supplied electricity.
The CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia particularly wishes to thank the reviewers and expert
reporters who have greatly contributed to the professional and scientific content of all conferences
A total of 248 scientists and experts read over1400 reported papers and gave their opinion on each
of them. Asking questions in advance they encouraged a lively discussion of participants and therefore
directlyachieved the basic goals of existence of CIRED Serbia and the conferences.
At all of the ten conferences which were held the total number of authors and co-authors of
papers was 1481.
Note: The names of the first author are underlined, the year of publication is given in brackets. If
there are digits beside the year, such as 1+2, the first number designates the papers of the first author,
and the second number presents the number of papers where he/she was the co-author.
The last number is total number of papers in which author participated as the first author or co-
author.
In the conference marketing programmes were involved 185 companies. The CIRED Liaison
Committee of Serbia thanks all those who have contributed to the success of each conference where
they have participated.
CIRED CONFERENCE
Number
Р. бр. Company 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
3 ABS HOLDINGS √ √ 2
4 ADVANTECH Co. √ 1
5 AEM C.A.. √ 1
9 AMO KRAFT AB √ 1
14 BELMONT doo Ub √ 1
17 ČAJEVAC Holding √ 1
21 DALEKOVOD d.d. √ √ √ 3
38 ELEKTROMREŽA SRBIJE AD √ √ √ √ √ √ 6
42 ELEKTROPRIVREDA SRBIJE √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 10
43 ELEKTROSRBIJA Kraljevo √ 1
54 ELVAC a.s. √ 1
62 ETI B doo √ √ √ 3
80 HYDAC d.o.o. √ 1
81 IB-PRОCАDD d.о.о. √ 1
87 IRITEL √ 1
90 Kamstrup А/S √ √ 2
97 KOSOVOPROJEKT-INŽENJERING ad Beograd √ √ √ 3
98 KRUŠIK-AKUMULATORI ad Beograd √ √ √ √ √ 5
WEIDMULLER Interface
180 √ √ 2
GmbH & Co. KG Beograd
UKUPNO 36 38 46 35 36 43 51 60 59 61 465