Other blood-borne and Tissue Protozoans 1.

Leishmania tropica
2. Leishmania braziliensis
I. Hemoflagellates 3. Leishmania donovani
- Etymology 4. Leishmania mexicana
- Subphylum II. Coccidians
- Difference from other species of the same subphylum - Phylum
- Characteristic - Infective Stage
 Parts - Final Host
 MOT - Intermediate Host
 Habitat (invertebrates, mammals) - Accidental Host
- Final host a. Toxoplasma gondii
- Forms (second name)  Etymology
 Parts  Morphological forms
 Nucleus  Asexual
 Kinetoplast  Sexual
 Flagella  Mode of Transmission
 Undulating membrane  Forms that exist in humans
 Location  Laboratory Diagnosis
 Description  Gold Standard
- Medically important genera o Why is it no longer done?
- Forms found: cruzi, brucei, leishmania  TORCH(s)
o Process
- Two general Trypanosoma species  Treatment and Prevention
 Causative agent for sleeping sickness III. Babesia spp.
 Causative agent for Chagas disease - Phylum, Class, Order
 Trypanosoma brucei complex - Common vector
 How are the similar species differentiated (2)? - Primary reservoir host, intermediate host, definitive host, accidental host
- African Trypanosomiasis - Mode of Transmission
 Transmission (usual, other methods) - Sexual and Asexual cycle
 Pathogenesis - Infective Stage (man and ticks)
 Stage 1 - Diagnostic stage
 How did it happen? What does it affect? - Parasite of?
 Signs - Appearance
 Winterbottom’s sign - Disease/Sickness
 Stage 2 - Unique (VS P. falciparum)
 What kind of stage? - Laboratory Diagnosis
 What is a BBB?  Gold standard
 Sign and Effect  Good differentiation test
 Diagnosis - Treatment
 Specimen collected (stage)
 Tests
 Preferred (Why?)
 Reagent for CATT (purpose)
 Treatment
 First Stage
 Second stage
 Late stage
 Prevention and Control

- American Trypanosomiasis
 Group
 History
 Final Host, Reservoir Host
 Mode of Transmission
 Structure
 Morphological Forms (found where?)
 Three Stages of Symptoms
 3 Megas (%)
 Transmission
 Pathogenesis
 Manifestations (Chronic Phase)
 Diagnosis
 Treatment and Prevention
- Leishmania
 Stained stage
 Vector
 Four species (disease and location)
 Parasitic stages present (man and vector host)
 Infective stage
 Diagnosis (specimen) (test-7)
 What is NNN enriched with?
 Nonspecific tests
 Screening tests
 Determination of leishmanial in TPA/G Ratio
 Treatment
a. Trypanosoma
1. Trypanosoma brucei brucei
2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
3. Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense
4. Trypanosoma cruzi
b. Leishmania