Guillo, Claricel S.

ME-3201

13-18317

1.COMPLEX NUMBERS

 Definition

Example:
1− j19

 Integral Powers of j

1 4 n+1
j =j j =j

2 4 n+2
j =−1 j =−1

3 4 n+3
j =− j j =− j

j 4 =1 j 4 n+4 =1

Example:

 Negative of a Complex Number

If z=7+ j19, then z=−7− j19

 Reciprocal of Complex Number

1
∗7− j19
7+ j19 7+ j19 7+ j 19
= =
7− j19 2
49− j (361) 410

 Conjugate of a Complex Number

if z=1+ j19, t h en = 1 - j19

 Properties of Conjugates

a.

Example:

b.

Example:

c.

Example:

d.

Example:

¿
e. conjugate of ( z 1∗z 2 )=¿

Example:

f. conjugate of

Example:
 Operations of Complex Numbers
a. Addition of Complex
z 1+ z 2=( x1 + x 2 ) + j ( y 1 + y 2 )
Example:

(1+j6) + (2-j16) = (1+2) + j(6-16) = 3-j10

b. Subtraction of Complex
z 1−z 2=( x 1−x 2 ) + j ( y 1− y 2 )
Example:

(1+j7) - (16+j4) = (1-16) + j(7-4) = -15-j11

c. Multiplication of Complex
x
¿
¿
z 1 z 2=( x 1 x2 −( y 1 y 2 ) ) + j ¿
Example:

(1-j9)(11+j2) = [(1)(11)-(-9)(2)]+j[(-9)(11)+(1)(2)] = 29-j97

d. Division of Complex

Example:

1+ j2 1+ j 2 14+ j 11 [ 1 ( 14 )−11(2)] + j [ 2 ( 14 ) +11(1) ]

= (
14− j11 14− j 11 14+ j 11
= )( ) 14 2+ 112

[ 14−22 ] + j [ 28+11 ] −8+ j39

¿ =
317 317

 The Trigonometric/Polar Form of a Complex Number

r= √ x 2 + y 2
 y
Ѳ=tan −1
x

x+ jy=r

Example:

( 11+10 i )
r ¿ √11 2+ 102
¿ √ 221
−1 10
θ=tan
11
¿ 42.2737 °
Trigonometric Form = √ 221 ( cos 42.2737 ° 1+isin 42.2737 ° )
Polar Form = √ 221∠ 42.2737°

 Exponential Form of a Complex Number

z=ℜ j Ѳ
Example:
10−31 i = 32.5730 ∠−1.2588
r= √ 102 +312
¿ 32.5730
z = r e iѲ
z = 32.5730 e−i1.2588
 Multiplication and Division of Complex Number

Z1Z2 = r1r2ej (Ø1 + Ø2)

Z 1 r 1 j( Ø +Ø )
= e 1 2

Z 2 r2

Example:

a. (15+6i)(9+8i) = ( 3 √ 29 ∠21.8014 ° ¿( √ 145 ∠41.6335 °)

i 1.1071
= 87 √ 5 e

3 10 ∠0.3218
= √
9+3 i
b.
4−5 i 3 √ 41 ∠−0.8961
 3 √ 10 i (0.3218+ 0.8961)
= e
2 √ 41

= 1.4816 e i1.2178

 De Moivre’s Theorem/ real power of complex number

Z =(r ∠ Ø)n

Z = (rn) ∠ (Ø x n)

Example:

( 8 ∠5° )3 =83 ∠5° ( 3 )

¿ 512∠15 °

¿ 512 ei 0.2618

 Real Roots of Complex Number

Example:

 Logarithms of Complex Numbers

1. Logarithm to the base e

Example:

2. Logarithm with real base other than e

Example:

3. Logarithm with imaginary base

Example:

 Imaginary Power of Complex Number

Example:

 Imaginary Root of a Complex Number

 Example:

 Trigonometric / Hyperbolic Functions of Complex Number

Examples:

1. Cosine of Complex Numbers

2. Sine of Complex Numbers

3. Hyperbolic Sine of Complex Numbers

4. Hyperbolic Cosine of Complex Numbers

 Inverse Trigonometric Functions of Complex Numbers

1. Arcsine of Complex Numbers

2. Arccosine of Complex Numbers

3. Arctangent of Complex Numbers

 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions of Complex Numbers

1. Arcsine of Complex Numbers

2. Arccosine of Complex Numbers

3. Arctangent of Complex Numbers

2. MATRICES

 ADDITION
 SUBTRACTION
 MULTIPLICATION

3. DETERMINANTS

 Minors and Cofactors

 Pivotal Method
 Laplace Development
 Inversion of a Matrix
1. By Definition
 2. Adjoint of a Matrix
3. Gauss jordan

4. SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

 Cramer’s Rule
 Matrix Inversion
 Gaussian Method
 Gauss Jordan
 Gauss Siedel Method

5. SOLVING FOR THE ROOTS OF f(x)=0

 Incremental Search Method

 Bisection Method
 False Position
 Newton Raphson Method

6. FOURIER SERIES

7. LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

 Definition
 Properties of Laplace Transform
1. Linearity Property
2. First Shifting Property
3. Second Shifting Property
4. Change of Scale Property
5. Multiplication by Power of t
6. Division by t
7. Laplace Transform of Derivatives
8. Laplace transform og Integrals