ETHICS Vs MORALITY

● MORALITY: from the Latin moralitas

"manner, character, proper behavior", it is
the conduct or rules that a person or
community adhere to, believing these
things to be, in some sense, obligatory. It
gives us rules for everyday life (morals=
moral rules) and it is practical.
● ETHICS: critical reflection of “morals”.
Philosophical reflection about the nature of
the good life, of right action, of duty and
obligation. It is theorical.
EXAMPLES OF MORAL LEVEL
(moral vivida, Aranguren)
● When I keep a promise I made yesterday
although I have discovered today that its
compliance generates some problems to
me.
● I help a friend voluntarily though I can hurt
his pride.
● I decide if I have to be or not sincere with a
partner who apparently wants to be my
friend.
● I refuse to steal a classmate's calculator
EXAMPLES OF MORAL RULES
IN SOCIETY
Tell the truth
● Do not vandalize property
● Have courage
● Keep your promises
● Do not cheat
● Treat others as you want to be treated
● Do not judge
● Respect others
 MORALITY DEPENDS ON
SOCIETY AND CULTURE
● Morality can be a body of standards or
principles derived from a code of conduct
from a particular philosophy, religion, or
culture, or it can derive from a standard
that a person believes should be universal.
In this last case, we are talking about
moral philosophy or Ethics, since the
preoccupation for universal values is part
of the Ethical reflection, which tend to be
objective (sensibly examined) Vs morality
(subjective, not sensibly examined).
 MORALITY IN DIFFERENT
CULTURES
Morals vary dramatically across time and
place. One group’s good can be another
group’s evil. Examples:
● Cannibalism, practiced by groups in every
part of the world. Anthropologists found
evidence for cannibalism in 34% of
cultures.
● Blood sports, such as those practiced in
Roman amphitheaters: thousands of
excited fans watched as human beings
engaged in mortal combat.
 MORALITY IN DIFFERENT
CULTURES II
● Arranged marriage: some cultures marry
off girls while they are still pubescent or
even younger. In parts of Ethiopia, half the
girls are married before their 15th birthday.
● Extreme forms of public torture and
execution, as was the case in Europe
before the 18th century.
● Female genital mutilation (FGM): the ritual
removal of some or all of the external
female genitalia. 27 African countries, Yemen and Iraqi
Kurdistan, Asia, the Middle East, and among diaspora communities
around the world
 YOUR OWN EXAMPLES
● Activity 1: Can you find three
new exaples of morality in
different cultures? Write them
down in your notebook.
 ETHICS = theoretical
● Ethics= philosophical study or reflection about what
justifies the rules given by morality. When we have
to make a decision, conflicts of moral rules appear,
and they are the engine for ethical reflection = moral
pensada (Aranguren)
EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL LEVEL
● We reason that deals have to be always
fulfiled, because if not, we would have to
do legal contracts instead of deals.
● I wonder what is more important morally
speaking, the intention that inspires an act
or the results that we obtain with it.
● I reflect on values, wondering if the value of
authenticity is better than the value of
friendship.
● I have in mind the key golden rule: “ don't do
to the others what you don't want for you”
 Summarizing...
ETHICS MORALITY
Philosophical and cientific study of Rules for everyday life → practical
morality → theoretical
It emerges from the inner being, as a It has a social base, that is,
result of her own reflection and established rules in a society
election.
It makes influence in a person's It is a group of rules that act from the
conduct but from her own outside or from the unconscious, an
consciousness and will external motivation of the human
consciousness
It is the value that we discover inside The legal, obligatory, coercive and
us in our reflection as subjects, not punitive aspect is dominant
imposed from the outside.
OBJECTIVE SUBJECTIVE
 ACTIVITIES
Watch the next video and answer the
questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnCrH8PQ9Mg
● Give two examples of ethical questions that
philosophers have made..
● What is Ethics according to the video?
● What is the meaning of Ethical reasoning?
● Explain “moral authority” and “moral
relativism” and their problems.
ETHICAL QUESTIONS
ETHICAL QUESTIONS II
ETHICAL QUESTIONS III