Power Electronic Applications

Lesson 7
DC-AC Inverters
© D.T.W. Liang
Semester 5, Final Year

Single Phase Bridge Configuration

1
 180 Analysis

L  ImR 
to  ln 1  
R  Vdc 
T /2

V 1 e L/ R
I m  dc T /2
R 
1 e L/ R

Measurement of distortion

1. Distortion Factor : ratio of the rms value of its fundamental

and its total waveform i.e. D. F. = V1(rms) / Vrms
2. Total Harmonic Distortion (T.H.D.): ratio of the sum of its
components and its fundamental harmonic component.



n  2,3,4,5,...
Vn2 2
Vrms  V12 1 1
T .H .D.    1  1
 D.F .
2 2 2 2
V1 V1  V1 
 
 Vrms 

2
 Fourier Series representation
If a periodic function e(t) of any waveshape is repetitive every 2
radians, it may be expressed as a summation of harmonic terms:
ao 
e  t      an cos n t  bn sin n t 
2 n 1

a
 o   cn sin  n t  n 
2 n 1
where cn  an2  bn2  peak value 
 an 
 n  tan 1  
 bn 

Determination of coefficient an, bn

ao 1 2
e  t  d  t
2 2 0


1 2
an   e  t  cos n t d t
 0

1 2
bn 
  e t  sin nt dt
0

3
 120 Analysis
• In 120 conduction, two of the four switches will be conducting for 1/3 of the period. There
is a time gap of 1/6 of the period after every conduction period when all the switches are
switched off.
• When S1 and S4 are switched on, VL will be positive with respect to the symbol reference.
When S2 and S3 are switched on, VL will be negative.
• When VL is positive, current iL will be increasing exponentially through the load toward I1
level. During the switch-off time gap the current will decline from I1 to I2 (or -Io) naturally.
When VL is negative, iL will be developing exponentially toward –I1 level. After that, the
cycle repeats.

120 Analysis
• Load voltage equation:

• Load current equation:

4
 120 Analysis
   
RT 

1  e L  3  
V  
I1  dc 
R    
RT 

1  e L  2  
 
  RL  T6   RL  T2  
RT 
e    e   
V  
I o  I 2  I1 e L  6   dc 
  

R    
RT 

1  e L  2  
 

Example 1

To find a) Vrms
b) V1(rms)
c) D.F.
d) T.H.D.
For 180° & 120° conduction mode for single phase VSI(Voltage
Source Inverter).
Given Vdc = 100 V 100V

-100V

5
 Example 2
A single phase inverter bridge is shown in figure below transfers power from an
ideal d.c bus bar of Vdc = 400 V to a resistive load of R = 25 Ω coupled with an
inductive component, L = 50 mH using 120° conduction angle

An single phase bridge inverter exercises the 120 conduction with a frequency of
60 Hz.
i. What is the maximum phase current?
ii. What will the value of the load current be at the end of the phase when all
switches are switched off?