Michael Vincent G.

Manlupig
BTTE-FSM

Dynamic = constantly change

FOUR SPHERES ON EARTH

1. GEOSPHERE- It describes all the rocks, minerals and ground that are not found on and in earth.
2. HYDROSHERE – Includes all kinds of water that can be found on earth.
3. BIOSPHERE- Includes all living organisms on earth, together with the organic matter produced by them.
4. ATMOSPHERE- Is a layer of gases surrounding the earth.

GREENHOUSE GASES -This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in
Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT -is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a
temperature above what it would be in the absence of its atmosphere.

EARTHQUAKE -The shaking motion is the result of a sudden release of energy.

SOME REASONS OF HAVING EARTHQUAKE

1. ATOMIC EXPLOSION

2. VOLCANIC EXPLOSION
PLATE TECTONICS

-Move around on the asthenosphere like ice on water.

-The earth is every-changing and continually in motion. The stability of the earth is not at all what we think it is.
-The plate tectonic plays an important role in understanding many of the geological aspects and observations
and it allows scientists to prevent disasters such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
-It help us to understand three main thing; the distribution of the world’s major landforms; where natural
hazards such as earth quakes can strike, the distribution of minerals and energy

The Plate Tectonic Theory

-The theory of plate tectonic was developed from the theories of continental drift and sea floor spreading and
states that the earth surface is divided in several large plates which are constantly in motion.
-The scientific theory which is study how the earth’s plates are driven and shaped by geological forces to keep
them in constant movement.
-the theory explains the present tectonic behaviour of the earth particularly the global distribution mountain
building, earthquake activity and volcanism in a series of linear belt.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Volcanoes are the most dramatic and rapid agents of geologic change. An erupting volcano can eject vast
amounts of ash and gasses to the atmosphere, and cover their ground with tons of lava flows and ash. Killing of
ten thousand of people at one time.
PHYSICAL MODEL

-Three-dimensional models that you can touch.

ex: model airplane, car, or plant & animal cells hanging from Ms. Guiuo’s ceiling.

GRAPHICAL MODEL

-Models that include maps & charts, such as a road map or a position of the starts.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL

-One or more equations that is represents the way a process works

VALUE

-Principles of standards that we consider are important.

DECISION MAKING MODEL

-Concepts used in a specific way in order to carry out a process for making decisions.

STEPS OF CSIENTIFIC METHOD

1. Identify the problem -

2. Form a hypothesis or make a prediction
3. Test by experiment
4. Collect and analyze data
5. Draw a conclusion
6. Repeat experiments
7. Communicate results

Observation- information by using the senses – hearing,

sight, taste, smell, touch.

Hypothesis- a testable idea or explanation that leads to a

scientific investigation.

Prediction- a logical statement about what will happen if

the hypothesis is correct.

Experiment- a procedure designed to test a hypothesis

under controlled conditions

Variable- a factor that changes in an experiment.

Experimental Group- a group that received the

experimental treatment.
Control Group- group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that

integrates physical, biological and information sciences.

Environmental science work on subjects like the understanding of

earth processes, evaluating alternative energy systems, pollution
control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the
effects of global climate change.

Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of

physical, chemical, and biological processes.

Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis

of environmental problems.

Global human population growth amounts to around 75 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global
population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7 billion in 2012. It is expected to keep growing, where estimates
have put the total population at 8.4 billion by mid-2030, and 9.6 billion by mid-2050

Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average
temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.