Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Small Signal Amplifier – utilizes only the very Zero-level detection – when input voltage
wear portion of the active device exceeds certain level
Non Zero-Level Detection – connecting fixed Chebyshev – overshoot or ripples in pass band,
reference voltage at the inverting terminal to less linear phase the BW
detect voltage other than zero Bessel - increases linearly, almost no
overshoot, used for filtering pulse waveform
COMPARATOR APPLICATION: ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
without distorting the shape of the waveform
CONVERTER
Damping factor – determines which response
Summing Amplifier – two or more inputs, characteristic the filter exhibits, 2-(R1/R2)
output voltage is proportional to the negative of
the algebraic sum Pole – more poles, faster roll-off rate
Averaging Amplifier – setting the ratio Rf/R
Critical frequency – fc= 1/(2piRC)
equal to the reciprocal of the number of the
outputs ACTIVE LOW-PASS FILTERS
SCALING ADDER APPLICATION: DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG - uses op-amps as active elements
CONVERTER
- op-amp provides gain so that the signal is not
Integrator – simulates mathematical integration attenuated as it passes through the filter
which is basically a summing process
Differentiator – instantaneous rate of a function Sallen-Key LPF – second order (two-pole) filter,
voltage-controlled voltage source
ACTIVE FILTERS Active HPF – passes all freq. above fc w/o limit
- called SELECTIVES Active Band-Pass Filter – pass all frequencies
bounded by a lower frequency limit and an
- capable of passing signals with certain selected upper frequency limit
frequencies while rejecting signals with other
frequencies