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a. Net, loops
b. Frame, triangle
c. Net, triangle
d. Frame, loops
In transforming geodetic and grid azimuth, the geodetic direction projected into a plane is actually a ____
line, rather than a straight line, thus, the need for the ____ correction.
___ is the science which treats of the determination of ......... and figure of the earth.
a. Astronomy
b. Geodesy
c. Geology
d. Geomorphology
Data collector is a handheld ___ field notebook the total station, level or GNSS receiver to receive and
____.
a. Electronic, temporarily
b. Analogue, permanently
c. Electronic, permanently
d. Analogue, temporarily
a. 7.6
b. 7.2
c. 7.9
d. 7.5
A ___ error will always have the same magnitude and ___ algebraic sign under the same condition.
a. Systematic, different
b. Random, different
c. Random, he same
d. Systematic, the same
The earth’s gravity is measured with a ___, while absolute position on the earth’s surface are measured
with a ___.
Satellite ___ refers to the position of the GNSS ....... relative to ___ form the view of the receiver.
___ is the arc between the celestial body and the ____.
The equipotential surface to which, at every point, the plumb-line is ___ is called ____.
a. Parallel, geoid
b. Perpendicular, ellipsoid
c. Parallel ellipsoid
d. Perpendicular, geiod
In the classical spherical coordinates called geometric coordinates, consisting of longitude, geocentric
latitude, and distance (r) from the center of an ellipsoid, the x-coordinate is equal to the product of
distance (r) and ______.
Datum ____ is used to convert the coordinate of a _____ defined in one datum to coordinate in a different
datum.
a. Transformation, point
b. Convergence, point
c. Transformation, surface
d. Convergence, surface
The GPS satellite are dispersed in ____ orbital planes on almost ___ orbits.
a. Five, elliptical
b. Five, circular
c. Six, circular
d. Six, elliptical
The reference datum of elevation obtained by GNSS receiver is _____, while that obtained by conventional
geodetic levelling is _____.
a. Geoid, ellipsoid
b. Ellipsoid, mean ground elevation
c. Ellipsoid, geoid
d. Geoid, mean ground elevation
The radius of curvature of the ellipsoid varies with the latitude being longest at the _____ and the shortest
at the ____.
a. Equator, pole
b. Pole, meridian
c. Equator, meridian
d. Pole, equator
In geodetic astronomy, the complementary angle of ____ is the hour angle system is ______ distance.
a. Declination, altitude
b. Altitude, declination
c. Declination, polar
d. Declination, zenith
In GNSS surveying, clock ____ usually refers to the difference between the time of the satellite vehicle
clocks and the clock in the user’s GNSS.
a. Inset, receiver
b. Offset, wrist
c. Inset, wrist
d. Offset, receiver
All GNSS survey measurements exceeding ____ km must utilize static technique with ____ observation
times.
a. 1, shorter
b. 10, shorter
c. 1, longer
d. 10, longer
The baseline in meters at the UP campus in Diliman, Quezon City used by the DENR LMB for survey
instrumental calibration is _____ while the baseline at the Clark Development Corporation Trade zone in
Angeles city Pampanga is _____.
a. 200,200
b. 200,250
c. 300,250
d. 200,300
The combined effect of earth curvatures and atmospheric refraction in meters, is expressed as _____ D^2
where D is the distance from a point of tangency at the observer’s position in ______.
a. 0.0675, miles
b. 0.0675, kilometers
c. 0.0765, miles
d. 0.0765, kilometers
A GPS ______ frequency receiver uses the _____ GPS signal only and there is no compensation ionospheric
effects.
a. Double, L2
b. Single, L1
c. Double, L1
d. Single, L2
By measuring the earth’s gravity around the globe, geod...... a _____ geiod, which reflects the various
______ within .........
a. Gravimetric, weights
b. Kilometric, weights
c. Gravimetric, ....
d. Kilometric, .....
Psuedorange is the measured distance between the GNSS receiver antenna and the GNSS satellites and is
biased by the ____ of the ____ clock from the satellite clock.
a. Offset, users
b. Offset. Receiver
c. Distance, user
d. Distance, receiver
The relationship between geocentric latitude (beta) and geodetic latitude (psy) is expressed in the
equation _____.
The theoretical sum of the spherical triangulations exceeds 180 degree by an amount equal to the ____
of the triangle divided by the product of the square of the mean radius of the earth and the _____ of one
second.
a. Perimeter, cosine
b. Perimeter, sine
c. Area, cosine
d. Area, sine
If the relative precision of a distance is 1:2,000,000. What is the equivalent distance error in centimeter
per km?
a. 11
b. 15
c. 12
d. 10.1
Generally, ______ GPS survey methods are employed when baseline length are greater than ________
miles.
a. Kinematic, 12
b. Static, 22
c. Static, 12
d. Kinematic, 22
The GPS derived height of a control point is 16.849 meters? While ...... orthometric elevation of the same
point is 28.633 meters, ..... separation between the ellipsoid and the geoid at the location of ... control
point.
a. -11.844
b. +11.484
c. +11.844
d. -11.484
The _______ GNSS user community has increased dramatically in recent years due to the emergence of
low cost, ______ -grade GNSS receivers.
a. Military, mapping
b. Civilian, survey
c. Military, survey
d. Civilian, mapping
If h=+60.95 meters and the geiod undulation, w, is equal to +35.38 meters, calculate the orthometric
height, H, in meters, of point.
a. 25.57
b. 27.42
c. 27.24
d. 26.42
GNSS satellite signals ___ penetrates metal, buildings or trees and are susceptible to signal _____ errors
where passing thru leaves, glass, plastic and other materials.
a. Cannot, filtering
b. Can, delay
c. Cannot, delay
d. Can, filtering
GPS receiver directly generates 3-D coordinates in ____ coordinate frame such as ____.
a. Geocentric, WGS84
b. Geodetic, WGS84
c. Geocentric, PRS92
d. Geodetic, PRS921
SITUATION 1 – the ellipsoid height, h, of a control point is measured with a GNSS receiver
If h=+47.54 meters and the geoid undulation, N, is equal to +12.75 m, calculate the orthometric height, H,
in meters of the point
a. 35.79
b. 34.79
c. 59.29
d. 60.29
If h=+54.14 meters and the geiod undulation, N is equal to -24.72 meters, calculate the orthometric height
N in meters of the point.
a. 26.24
b. 29.42
c. 29.24
d. 26.42
SITUATION 2 – the leveling notes for a portion of a road project are tabulated below:
BM No.6 1.352
0.921
0.486
1.503 1.405
1.211 0.938
1.286 1.272
0.965 0.957
1.567 1.665
1.190 1.200
BM No.6 1.299
0.950
0.601
If the given elevation of BM no.6 is 53.456 meters above mean sea level, determine the error of closure
in centimeters.
a. 14
b. 16
c. 15
d. 17
a. 603.9
b. 602.3
c. 616.2
d. 604.3
a. 52.833
b. 52.823
c. 52.828
d. 52.839
a. 53.208
b. 53.108
c. 53.408
d. 53.308
If the given elevation of BM No.6 is 53.456 meters above mean sea level, determine the adjusted elevation
of TBM No.1
a. 52.974
b. 52.944
c. 52.964
d. 52.954
SITUATION: A triangulation baseline is 19500.69 meters measured at average elevation 247.78 meters
above datum in an area where the separation between geiod and ellipsoid is -35.55 meters. Using earth
radius =6,378,137 meters.
a. 25,788.671
b. 25,788.176
c. 25,788.617
d. 25,788.167
a. 19,499.410
b. 19,500.410
c. 19,500.041
d. 19,499.041
If the triangulation baseline is 30,439.106 meters, determine the ellipsoid distance on meters.
a. 30,438.093
b. 30,438.903
c. 30,438.039
d. 30,438.309
SITUATION 4 – the following PRS92 geographic and grid coordinates of station JLZ-31 and AJR-2 are
provided as project control stations
122-36-30.79027 457,197.963
122-31-14.58764 447,568.005
Determine the grid azimuth from station AJR-2 to station JLZ-31. (Not sure sa choices malabo kasi)
a. 210-20-53.1
b. 210-20-50.3
c. 210-20-51.3
d. 210-20-55.1
a. 62.1”
b. 61.1”
c. 59.1”
d. 63.1”
Determine the geodetic azimuth from Station AJR-2 to station JLZ-31, assuming that the arc to chord
coordinates is negligible.
a. 210-21-50.4
b. 210-21-53.4
c. 210-21-52.4
d. 210-21-40.4
SITUATION: The following PRS92 geographic and grid coordinates of station MMA-1 and CVT-1 are
provided as reference station.
Latitude/longitude northing/easting
121-02-23.14210 504,138.600
CVT-1 14-16-52.55408 1,579,452.902
120-59-49.08799 499,525.464
a. 9-15-17.8
b. 9-15-21.8
c. 9-15-23.8
d. 9-15-19.8
e. Determine the meridian convergence in seconds.
a. 40.3
b. 38.3
c. 36.3
d. 35.3
Determine the geodetic azimuth from station MMA-1 to station CVT-1 assuming that the arc to chord
correction is negligible.
a. 9-15-52.1
b. 9-15-58.1
c. 9-15-56.1
d. 9-15-54.1
SITUATION: the WGS84 geographic coordinates of station MMA-39 are latitude=14-39-18.82979 and
longitude= 121-03-34.94501. if the semi-major axis, a=6,378,137 meters, first eccentricity,
e=0.0818191909 and h=0
a. -3,184,302.334
b. -3,184,301.334
c. -3,184,300.334
d. -3,184,303.334
a. 5,287,077.593
b. 5,287,078.593
c. 5,287,080.593
d. 5,287,079.593
a. 1,603,220.786
b. 1,603,221.786
c. 1,602,222.786
d. 1,603,223.786
SITUATION: time discrepancy between the GNSS satellite clock and receiver clock result to corresponding
errors is the derived ground distance.
If the time discrepancy is 0.5 nanosecond, calculate the distance error in meters.
a. 1.5
b. 150
c. 0.15
d. 15
If the time discrepancy is 0.1 nanosecond, calculate the distance error in meters.
a. 0.3
b. 30
c. 0.03
d. 3
If the time discrepancy is 0.5 microsecond, calculate the distance error in meters.
a. 1500
b. 15
c. 15,000
d. 150