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2. The charge entering the positive terminal of an element is q =10sin 4π t mC while the
voltage across the element (plus to minus) is v = 2cos 4πt V. Find the power delivered to
the element at t = 0.3 s
A. 162.5 mW
B. 163.5 mW
C. 164.5 mW
D. 165.5 mW
3. Calculate the energy delivered to the element between 0 and 0.6 in question number 2.
A. 77.12 mJ
B. 78.42 mJ
C. 79.24 mJ
D. 78.34 mJ
4. The figure shows a circuit with five elements. If p1=-205W, p2= 60W, p3=45W, p4=30
W, calculate the power p3 received or delivered by element 3.
A. 70W
B. 60W
C. 80W
D. 50W
5. A 60-W, incandescent bulb operates at 120 V. How many electrons and coulombs flow
through the bulb in one day?
A. 2.324 x10^24 electrons
B. 2.547 x10^23 electrons
C. 2.696 x10^23 electrons
D. 26.96 x10^24 electrons
6. A lightning bolt strikes an airplane with 30 kA for 2 ms. How many coulombs of charge
are deposited on the plane?
A. 50C
B. 56C
C. 58C
D. 60C
7. A 1.8-kW electric heater takes 15 min to boil a quantity of water. If this is done once a
day and power costs 10 cents per kWh, what is the cost of its operation for 30 days?
A. 1.35php
B. 1.39php
C. 1.45php
D. 1.55php
8. A utility company charges 8.5 cents/kWh. If a consumer operates a 40-W light bulb
continuously for one day, how much is the consumer charged?
A. 7.76 cents
B. 8.56 cents
C. 7.36 cents
D. 8.16 cents
9. A 1.2-kW toaster takes roughly 4 minutes to heat four slices of bread. Find the cost of
operating the toaster once per day for 1 month (30 days). Assume energy costs 9
cents/kWh.
A. 23.7 cents
B. 21.6 cents
C. 21.2 cents
D. 23.4 cents
10. A flashlight battery has a rating of 0.8 ampere-hours (Ah) and a lifetime of 10 hours.
(a) How much current can it deliver?
A. 80 mA
B. 70 mA
C. 90 mA
D. 60 mA
11. (b) How much power can it give if its terminal voltage is 6 V?
A. 0.45 W
B. 0.48 W
C. 0.47 W
D. 0.50 W
12. (c) How much energy is stored in the battery in kWh?
A. 0.048 Wh
B. 0.48 MWh
C. 0.0048 kWh
D. 0.0048 Wh
13. A 30-W incandescent lamp is connected to a 120-V source and is left burning
continuously in an otherwise dark staircase. Determine the current through the lamp.
A. 0.52 A
B. 0.45 A
C. 0.25 A
D. 0.025 A
14. An electric stove with four burners and an oven is used in preparing a meal as follows.
Burner 1: 20 minutes Burner 2: 40 minutes
Burner 3: 15 minutes Burner 4: 45 minutes
Oven: 30 minutes
If each burner is rated at 1.2 kW and the oven at 1.8 kW, and electricity costs 12 cents
per kWh, calculate the cost of electricity used in preparing the meal.
A.39.6 cents
B.50.3 cents
C.28.9 cents
D.32.4 cents
A battery may be rated in ampere-hours (Ah). A lead-acid battery is rated at 160 Ah.
15. (a) What is the maximum current it can supply for 40 h?
A.4A
B.3A
C.4.5A
D.3.5A
17. A 12-V battery requires a total charge of 40 ampere-hours during recharging. How many
joules are supplied to the battery?
A. 3.728 MJ
B. 2.728 MJ
C. 1.728 MJ
D. 0.728 MJ
18. How much energy does a 10-hp motor deliver in 30 minutes? Assume that 1
horsepower=746 W.
A. 14.34 × 10^6 J
B. 12.42 × 10^6 J
C. 18.45 × 10^6 J
D. 13.43 × 10^6 J
19. A 600-W TV receiver is turned on for 4 hours with nobody watching it. If electricity costs
10 cents/kWh, how much money is wasted?
A. 24 cents
B. 32 cents
C. 45 cents
D. 50 cents
Solutions
1. A. 4406.4 J
q= it = 85 x10-3 x 12 x 60 x 60 = 3,672 C
E = pt = ivt = qv = 3672 x1.2 = 4406.4 J
2. C. 164.5 mW
3. D. 78.34 mJ
4. A. 70W
Σ p = 0 → -205 + 60 + 45 + 30 + p3 = 0
p3 = 205 – 135 = 70 W
5. C. 2.696 x10^23 electrons
6. D. 60C
q = it = (30x10^3) x(2x10^−3) = 60 C
7. A. 1.35php
W = pt = 1.8x(15/60) x30 kWh = 13.5kWh
C = 10cents x13.5 = 1.35php
8. D. 8.16 cents
W = pt = 40 x24 Wh = 0.96 kWh
C = 8.5 cents x0.96 = 8.16 cents
9. B. 21.6 cents
10. A. 80 mA
11. B. 0.48 W
p = vi = 6 × 0.08 = 0.48 W
12. C. 0.0048 kWh
w = pt = 0.48 × 10 Wh = 0.0048 kWh
13. C. 0.25 A
15. A.4A
17. C.1.728 MJ
W = pt = vit = 12x 40x 60x60 = 1.728 MJ
18. D. 13.43 × 10^6 J
P = 10 hp = 7460 W
W = pt = 7460 × 30 × 60 J = 13.43 ×10^6 J
19. A. 24 cents
W = pt = 600x4 = 2.4 kWh
C = 10cents x2.4 = 24 cents
20. The voltage across a 5-kΩ resistor is 16 V. Find the current through the resistor.
v = iR i = v/R = (16/5) mA = 3.2 mA
23. At what frequency will an inductor of 5mH have the same reactance as a capacitor of
0.1µF?
1/(2π√LC)=1/(2π√(5×10-3)(0.1×10-6) )=7.12kHz
24. If three 9mH inductors are connected in parallel without mutual inductance, then the
total inductance is
L=L/n= 9mH/3=3mH
25. Two capacitors of capacitance 9µF and 18 µF in series will have a total capacitance of
c= C1C2/(C1+C2)= ((9μF)(18μF))/((9μF)+(18μF))=6μF
26. The open-circuit voltage at the terminal of load RL is 60 V. Under the condition of
maximum power transfer, the load voltage will be
i= 60V/(Rl+r) Vl=(60/(Rl+r))Rl= 60Rl/2Rl=30 V
V=IR
R=V/I
R = 3.0 Ω
30. What is the equivalent resistance for resistors in series?
REF = R4 + R5
REF = 4.0 + 5.0
REF = 9.0 Ω
31. Show that the condition D1 on and D2 on is not valid for the circuit
Iy=−6V/6Ω=−1A
−(−2A)+Ix+Iy=0→Ix=−1A−(−2A)+Ix+Iy=0→Ix=−1A.
33. Find Iy:
−(−2A)+Ix+Iy=0→Ix=−1A−(−2A)+Ix+Iy=0→Ix=−1A.
34. Write an equation that solves for the impedance of this series circuit. The equation need
not solve for the phase angle between voltage and current, but merely provide a scalar
figure for impedance (in ohms):
Scalar calculations
R = 2.2 kΩ XC = 2.067 kΩ
Zseries = √{R2 + XC2}
Zseries = √{22002 + 20672} = 3019 Ω
Complex number calculations
ZR = 2.2 kΩ ∠ 0o ZC = 2.067 kΩ ∠−90o (Polar form)
ZR = 2.2 kΩ+ j0 Ω ZC = 0 Ω− j2.067 kΩ (Rectangular form)
Zseries = Z1 + Z2 + …Zn (General rule of series impedances)
Zseries = ZR + ZC (Specific application to this circuit)
Zseries = 2.2 kΩ ∠ 0o + 2.067 kΩ ∠−90o = 3.019 kΩ ∠−43.2o
Zseries = (2.2 kΩ+ j0 Ω) + (0 Ω− j2.067 kΩ) = 2.2 kΩ− j2.067 kΩ
36.
44.
48. A three-wire system supplies two loads A and B as shown in Fig. 2.125. Load A consists
of a motor drawing a current of 8 A, while load B is a PC drawing 2 A. Assuming 10 h/day
of use for 365 days and 6 cents/kWh, calculate the annual energy cost of the system.
52. What power will the series resistor dissipate when the meter reads full scale?
R = 20 + Rx
65 = 20 + Rx Rx = 45 Ω
55. The circuit in Fig. 2.134 is to control the speed of a motor such that the motor draws
currents 5 A, 3 A, and 1 A when the switch is at high, medium, and low positions,
respectively. The motor can be modeled as a load resistance of 20 mΩ. Determine the
series dropping resistances R1, R2, and R3.
58. 311.8 Ω
59. 40 kΩ
60. 52.32 kΩ
61. A loudspeaker is connected to an amplifier as shown in Fig. 2.139. If a 10-Ω loudspeaker
draws the maximum power of 12 W from the amplifier, determine the maximum power a 4-Ω
loudspeaker will draw.
62. At what frequency will an inductor of 5mH have the same reactance as a capacitor of
0.1µF?
1/(2π√LC)=1/(2π√(5×10-3)(0.1×10-6) )=7.12kHz
63. If three 9mH inductors are connected in parallel without mutual inductance, then the
total inductance is
L=L/n= 9mH/3=3mH
64. Two capacitors of capacitance 9µF and 18 µF in series will have a total capacitance of
c= C1C2/(C1+C2)= ((9μF)(18μF))/((9μF)+(18μF))=6μF
65. The open-circuit voltage at the terminal of load RL is 60 V. Under the condition of
maximum power transfer, the load voltage will be
i= 60V/(Rl+r) Vl=(60/(Rl+r))Rl= 60Rl/2Rl=30 V
69.
70.
71.
72.
73. Three loads are connected in parallel to a 120∠0° V rms source. Load 1 absorbs 60 kVAR
at pf = 0.85 lagging, load 2 absorbs 90 kW and 50 kVAR leading, and load 3 absorbs 100
kW at pf = 1. (a) Find the equivalent impedance. (b) Calculate the power factor of the
parallel combination. (c) Determine the current supplied by the source.
74. Two loads connected in parallel draw a total of 2.4 kW at 0.8 pf lagging from a 120-V
rms, 60-Hz line. One load absorbs 1.5 kW at a 0.707 pf lagging. Determine: (a) the pf of
the second load, (b) the parallel element required to correct the pf to 0.9 lagging for the
two loads.
A 240-V rms 60-Hz supply serves a load that is 10 kW (resistive), 15 kVAR (capacitive),
and 22 kVAR (inductive). Find:
77. the kVAR rating and capacitance required to improve the power factor to 0.96 lagging
78. the current drawn from the supply under the new power-factor conditions
79. If v(t) = 160 cos 50t V and i(t) = –20 sin(50t – 30°) A, calculate the instantaneous power
and the average power.
80. The Thevenin impedance of a source is 120 60 Ω Th Z = + j , while the peak Thevenin
voltage is 110 0 V Th V = + j . Determine the maximum available average power from the
source.
86. An ac motor with impedance ZL = 4.2 + j3.6 Ω is supplied by a 220-V, 60-Hz source. (a)
Find pf, P, and Q. (b) Determine the capacitor required to be connected in parallel with
the motor so that the power factor is corrected to unity.
87. A load consisting of induction motors is drawing 80 kW from a 220-V, 60-Hz power line
at a pf of 0.72 lagging. Find the capacitance of a capacitor required to raise the pf to
0.92.
A 110-V rms, 60-Hz source is applied to a load impedance Z. The apparent power
entering the load is 120 VA at a power factor of 0.707 lagging.
92. The voltage applied to a 10- Ω resistor is v(t) = 5 + 3cos(t +10°) + cos(2t + 30°) V
(a) Calculate the rms value of the voltage.
(b) Determine the average power dissipated in the resistor.
93. The voltage across a load and the current through it are given by v(t) = 20 + 60 cos 100t
V , i(t) = 1 – 0.5 sin 100t A
Find:
(a) the rms values of the voltage and of the current
(b) the average power dissipated in the load
For the following voltage and current phasors, calculate the complex power, apparent
power, real power, and reactive power. Specify whether the pf is leading or lagging.
94. V = 220∠30° V rms, I = 0.5∠60° A rms
S = VI* = (220∠30°)(0.5∠- 60°) = 110∠- 30°
S = 95.26 − j55 VA
Apparent power =110 VA
Real power =95.26 W
Reactive power =55 VAR
pf is leading because current leads voltage
95. V = 80∠0° V rms, I = 2.4∠−15° A rms
S = VI* = (120∠0°)(2.4∠15°) = 288∠15°
S = 278.2 + j74.54 VA
Apparent power = 288 VA
Real power = 278.2 W
Reactive power =74.54 VAR
pf is lagging because current lags voltage
96. V = 160∠45° V rms, I = 8.5∠90° A rms
S = VI* = (160∠45°)(8.5∠- 90°) = 1360∠- 45°
S = 961.7 – j961.7 VA
Apparent power =1360 VA
Real power = 961.7 W
Reactive power =- 961.7 VAR
pf is leading because current leads voltage
100. A series RLC circuit has the following parameters: R =1 kΩ, L =1H, and C = 10 nF. What
type of damping does this circuit exhibit?