Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIVERSITY
CHANDKHEDA, AHMEDABAD
AFFILIATED
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
DAHOD
A Report on -
Integrating farming and water supply
GROUP: FARMER
ASST.PROF.V.J.PATEL
ACADEMIC YEAR
(2018-19)
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the work in the DESIGN
ENGINNERING-2B (2140002)
:____________________________
ASST.PROF.V.J.PATEL
(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)
:____________________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is to place on record our appreciation and deep
gratitude to the persons without whose support this
project would never been seen the light of the day .We
express my sincere thanks to V.J PATEL SIR, Head of
the Department, Computer Engineering, GECD for
extending his help .We have immense pleasure in
expressing thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my
guided by VIHARIKA CHAUDHARI and all the
Faculty in Computer Engineering, GECD for his
valuable suggestion and guidance throughout this
project. Finally at the outset we would like to thank all
those who have directly or indirectly helped us
accomplish our project successfully.
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
3. RESEARCH
4. FINAL DESIGN
4.1 Approach
4.2 The power supply circuit
4.3 The sensing circuit
4.4 The pump
5. CONCLUSION
1. INTRODUCTION:
Installation costs;
Water savings;
Human intervention;
Reliability;
Power consumption;
Maintenance;
Expandability
A critical consideration is the installation costs, since costs
generally determine the feasibility and viability of a project. The
installation must be simple enough for a domestic user.
USE OF
COMPONENT RATINGS
COMPONENT
Microcontroller Switch ON & OFF the
Water Pump
-
pic16f877 (40 pin) According to the Soil
Conductivity
To Step Down the
TRANSFORMER 12-0-12VAC/
Voltage from 240 AC
500 MA
to 12 V AC
To rectify the AC
Diodes-4007
Signal into Pulsating -
DC Signal
Used in a Filter Circuit
Capacitor
to Filter (Smoothing of 470uf
) Pulsating DC Signal
voltage regulator
To Convert 12V to 5V -
IC 7805
Resistance
To limit the current 10K
Capacitor
As Filters 100Uf
Water tank
Valve
Plant
Figure 1: Constant open-loop control
The cost is also reduced because fewer pieces are involved. The
disadvantage is that the system lacks a feedback path. The water
input is not regulated to the actual water consumption, which
may result in waste or overflow. This task will have to be
performed by humans, who know the plants’ needs beforehand.
The rest of the time, the valve is closed. This approach can be
adapted to the evaporation schedule; the timer may be
programmed such that the water flows only at night.
This system is superior to the constant open-loop flow in that
the water input can be controlled by programming more or less
irrigation hours per day. However, there is still no feedback.
The timing must be decided in advance, depending on the
plants’ needs.
Time
Water tank
valve
The probe reads the soil moisture periodically and the controller
saves it into a register. This data is compared to a threshold
level, and depending on the output of the comparator, the valve
is either opened or closed.
The feedback loop has two definite advantages over all open-
loop approaches. First, the water flow is based on demand; this
reduces the risk of waste or overflow. Second, there is virtually
no human monitoring required. The trade off is complexity: it
increases the costs and the risk of failure. More effort must be
invested in testing the stability of such a system to avoid a
situation in which water would flow indefinitely.
Microcontroller
sensor valve
Low power consumption. The consumption of
electrical energy can also be minimized to reduce the
total costs associated with the system. This is especially
relevant if it is implemented in a large scale. Each
component can be optimized independently, but the
objective relates to the total power consumption.
4. FINAL DESIGN
4.1 Approach
The plants are placed on a geo textile, which retains water, and
absorb water by capillarity. This design is suitable for most indoor
plants, especially those that require watering from below.
In the prototype, there is only one probe, so for now all plants should
be in the same pot. The probe reads the soil moisture at a specific
time. The Comparator Circuit then compares this value to threshold
levels.
The Logic Circuit selects one of the comparator outputs based on the
user switch selection and opens or closes the valve for a pre-
determined period. The Clock Circuit gives the Logic Circuit its
timing pulse.
A Level Display shows the last measured humidity level. The valve
allows water flow from the water input (mains or tank) to the geo
textile.
C= capacitance value
I= required output current from power supply circuit
f = frequency of the ac mains supply voltage
t =time taken for filtering capacitor to discharge in compensation for
the ripple in the dc output
q =charge on filtering capacitor
Vb = 2 ×Vdd
Vsp= 1.414 ×Vs
Vm= Vsp–Vb
Vac =2/π×Vm
Vdc=Vm/1.414
Gamma=Vdc2-VAC2/Vdc
VDD=0.7 V
Vb=2×.7=1.4 V
Vs=15 V
Vsp=1.414×15=21.21 V
Vm=21.21-1.4=19.81 V
Vac=2/π×19.81=12.611 V
Vdc=19.81/1.414=14.01 V
Gamma=14.012-12.6112/14.1=0.48
The ripple in the output voltage is directly proportional to the output
current and is related to the filtering capacitance by the following
equations
q=l
q= I×t =C × dvsp
t =2×f
dvsp = Vr
Vr= gamma × vsp
2 × f ×I=C ×Vr
C = I/2×f× Vr
=2,456uF
5. Conclusion: