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Bienvenido: cr080jphu
Producto: RETROEXCAVADORA
Modelo: 428F2 BACKHOE LOADER LYG
Configuración: 428F2 Side Shift Backhoe LYG00001-UP (MÁQUINA)
ALIMENTADO POR EL MOTOR C4.4

Operación de Sistemas
422F2, 427F2, 426F2, 428F2, 432F2, 434F2 y 444F2 Retroexcavadoras cargadoras hidráulicas y sistema de dirección
Número de medio -UENR3747-02 Fecha de publicación -01/05/2015 Fecha de actualización -05/12/2017

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Bomba de pistón (herramienta de trabajo y dirección)

SMCS - 4306; 5070

S / N - LYG1-UP

S / N - LYK1-UP

S / N - HWN1-UP

S / N - HWR1-UP

Bomba principal
Construcción
Ilustración 1 g03787159
Main pump
(1) Load sensing signal
(2) Case drain
(3) Main pump
(4) Outlet port
(5) Suction port
(6) Case drain ECO

Main Pump Operation (No Load)

Illustration 2 g03792901
Main pump cutaway
(8) Swashplate
(9) Shaft
(10) Housing
(11) Piston
(12) Barrel
(13) Slipper plate
(14) Piston shoe
(15) Valve plate

The main pump (3) is a piston pump. Barrel (12) is incorporated in housing (10) of the main pump. Pistons (11) are contained in barrel (12). Each piston (11)
forces the oil delivery from the pump through pump outlet port (4).

Shaft (9) of the main pump is directly coupled with the engine flywheel. Shaft (9) is also splined with barrel (12). The head of each piston (11) pivots on piston
shoe (15). Piston shoes (14) are secured to slipper plate (13) by the retainer.

When shaft (9) is driven by the engine flywheel, barrel (12) turns on valve plate (16). This action allows pistons (11) to rotate on slipper plate (13). Slipper plate
(13) is held to swashplate (8).

Oil from the hydraulic tank enters the main pump through suction port (5). The oil goes through the inlet passage of valve plate (15). The oil then enters the bores
of barrel (12). As barrel (12) rotates, pistons (11) move in or out of the bores of barrel (12). Oil is drawn behind piston (11) into the bore of barrel (12) as piston
(11) moves out of the bore. Oil is pushed ahead of piston (11) as the piston moves into the bore of barrel (12). The oil that is pushed ahead of each piston
alternately goes through passages of valve plate (15). Piston (11) forces oil flow through outlet port (4) as main pump oil flow. The oil flow through port (4) goes
to the main control valves.

The length of stroke for each piston (11) changes depending on the angle of swashplate (8). This change of displacement regulates the output flow of the pump.

Pump Control
Introduction
Illustration 3 g03224821
Main pump (in standby operation)
(1) Pressure cutoff spool
(2) Load sense spool
(3) Load signal (LS)
(4) Load sense spring
(5) Pressure cutoff spring
(6) Torque control springs
(7) Torque control spool
(8) Swashplate control piston
(9) Swashplate
(10) Main hydraulic pump
(11) Supply pressure
(12) Bias spring

Main hydraulic pump (10) is a variable displacement piston pump. Main hydraulic pump (10) uses the following to control the amount of oil flow:

Load sense spool (2)

Pressure cutoff spool (1)

Torque control spool (7)

Load sense spool (2) receives signal pressure from the high pressure hydraulic circuit. Main hydraulic pump (10) senses the highest load within the hydraulic
circuit and will adjust the pump output pressure and flow accordingly. Load sense spool (2) compares load signal pressure (3) with the implements and supply
pressure (11). Load sense spool (2) will vary pump displacement upon the signal received from the implements.

Torque control spool (7) and load sense spool (2) control the amount of upstroking and destroking within main hydraulic pump (10) under normal operating
conditions. Torque control spool (7) and load sense spool (2) also maintain the desired flow to the implements until the maximum pressure setting is reached.

Torque control spool (7) will destroke the pump during an engine lug condition to prevent an engine stall. This action controls the maximum hydraulic horsepower
without excessively lugging the engine.

As engine speed varies, supply oil flow will vary.

During other operating conditions, the upstroking and destroking of the pump will vary according to the signal pressure sensed from the hydraulic system.

Standby

Main hydraulic pump (10) operates in the standby operation when no flow is required by the implements. Standby of main hydraulic pump (10) provides the
hydraulic system with minimum flow at low pressure. The pump is fully destroked until the implements send a signal that requires flow.

Upstroke
Illustration 4 g03224836
Regulation of pump flow (upstroke)
(1) Pressure cutoff spool
(2) Load sense spool
(3) Load sense (LS) signal
(4) Load sense spring
(5) Pressure cutoff spring
(6) Torque control springs
(7) Torque control spool
(8) Swashplate control piston
(9) Swashplate
(10) Main hydraulic pump
(11) Supply pressure

When torque control spool (7), pressure cutoff spool (1), and load sense spool (2) are held in the neutral position, main hydraulic pump (10) upstrokes

The three control spools are held in the neutral position by spring pressure. The springs applying pressure to the control spools are: torque control springs (6),
pressure cutoff spring (5), and load sense spring (4). Swashplate control piston (8) shifts to the right and moves swashplate (9) to the maximum angle. The increase
of the swashplate angle to the maximum increases the flow of hydraulic fluid from main hydraulic pump (10).

Constant Flow Control

Illustration 5 g03389386
Regulation of pump flow (constant flow)
(1) Pressure cutoff spool
(2) Load sense spool
(3) Load sense (LS) signal
(4) Load sense spring
(5) Pressure cutoff spring
(6) Torque control springs
(7) Torque control spool
(8) Swashplate control piston
(9) Swashplate
(10) Main hydraulic pump
(11) Supply pressure
(12) Bias spring

During the state of constant flow pump operation, the position of control spools (7) and (2) will vary. This action will control the output of hydraulic pump (10).
The varying positions of torque control spool (7) and load sense control spool (2) control the upstroke and destroke of the pump during constant flow. Pressure
cutoff spool (1) will remain held in the neutral position by the force applied by pressure cutoff spring (5).

When the forces are balanced, hydraulic pump (10) will produce relatively constant flow until the flow demand changes. Pump output will vary to allow the
pressure and the flow to remain constant.

Destroke
Illustration 6 g03224837
Regulation of pump flow (destroke)
(1) Pressure cutoff spool
(2) Load sense spool
(3) Load sense (LS) signal
(4) Load sense spring
(5) Pressure cutoff spring
(6) Torque control springs
(7) Torque control spool
(8) Swashplate control piston
(9) Swashplate
(10) Main hydraulic pump
(11) Supply pressure
(12) Bias spring

When less flow is needed, hydraulic pump (10) destrokes. Destroking to minimum oil flow is accomplished by the shifting of load sense spool (2) to the right. The
position of torque control spool (7) varies, and pressure cutoff spool (1) remains in neutral position. Oil pressure at head end of swashplate control piston (8)
overcomes the tension of bias spring (12) allowing swashplate control piston (8) to shift to the left. Swashplate control piston (8) changes the angle of swashplate
(9), thus destroking the pump.

As pump flow is reduced, the force on the right side of load sense spool (2) overcomes spring pressure. This action lets main hydraulic pump (10) supply only the
oil needed to meet the demand of the hydraulic system.

Torque Control
Illustration 7 g03224858
Regulation of pump flow (torque control)
(1) Pressure cutoff spool
(2) Load sense spool
(3) Load sense (LS) signal
(4) Load sense spring
(5) Pressure cutoff spring
(6) Torque control springs
(7) Torque control spool
(8) Swashplate control piston
(9) Swashplate
(10) Main hydraulic pump
(11) Supply pressure
(12) Bias spring

When Load sense pressure demands pump flow and the demanded pressure is achieved, the pump will then start to destroke as a result of the pressure on the left
side of torque control spool (7) effectively limiting pump displacement.

Maximum hydraulic horsepower is maintained, but pump (10) produces less flow.

Torque control spool (7) will maintain control of pump (10). The flow provided from hydraulic pump (10) will follow the torque curve as LS signal pressure (4)
varies.

When the flow needs are reduced to a point below the torque curve, torque control springs (6) will shift torque control spool (7). Torque control spool (7) shifts
fully to the left and returns flow control to load sense spool (2). The torque limiting function of the pump facilitates the operation of the machine in a more efficient
area of the power curve of the engine.

Pressure/Flow Characteristic Curves

Illustration 8 g03792945
P-Q Characteristic Curves
(13) Start of control (Point of action for torque control valve outer spring)
(14) Point of action for torque control valve inner spring
(15) End of control

After the pump starts to operate, the pump has a pressure/flow characteristic curve. Point (13) represents the start of control, at point (13) the swashplate angle is
the maximum displacement. At Point (14) on the P-Q curve, the ratio of decrease in flow rate to the rate of pressure increase becomes smaller. Each point on the
characteristic curve represents the respective flow rate and pressures in order to maintain constant hydraulic horsepower output.

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