Unit I

Overview of Cloud Computing

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 • Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing Deployment Models
- Public
- Private

Overview of Cloud - Community

Computing - Hybrid
• Cloud Computing Service Models
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Cloud Computing – Benefits and Limitations
• Amazon Web Services – An Introduction
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Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing
(NIST) defines cloud computing as “a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

Source: www.nist.gov/itl/csd/cloud-102511.cfm

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History

• 1950: Herb Grosch (author of Grosch’s law) postulated that the entire world would
operate on dumb terminals powered by about 15 large data centers
• 1960: John McCarthy opined that “computation may someday be organized as a
public utility”
• 1966: “The Challenge of the Computer Utility” book authored by Douglas Parkhill
explained all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing
• 1999: Salesforce.com launched as a company specializing in software as a service
(SaaS)
• 2006: Collection of remote computing services (called web services) offered over the
Internet Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3
• 2008: Eucalyptus became the first open-source, AWS API-compatible platform for
deploying private clouds

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Problems in managing IT infrastructure

• Dependency issues if we need to upgrade our systems when new versions come
• Need of increased IT Infrastructure when there is an increase in employee base at
diverse locations
• Need of increased IT infrastructure to support increased customer demand when the
customer base is increased from hundreds to thousands and many more over the
same period
• Need to dispose off unused office infrastructure in case of recession when company
will plan to cut down on operating cost and the workforce as well

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Let us analyze the Problems

• Uneven business scenarios

• Over Cost Expenditure - purchasing and disposing of the IT Infrastructure
• Unstable Work Environment – hiring and firing of employees
• Uneven requirement of hardware – servers, desktops and other network related
hardware

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How to solve?
• Outsourcing the hardware
• Renting the IT infrastructure if needed
• Someone maintains the IT infrastructure

Conclusion:
Company will get the required infrastructure on demand(rent) as a service. It pays only
according to what it uses and till when it uses.

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Cloud Computing is a Solution
• Access information from anywhere; through secure APIs
• Focus on Business than IT
• Renting the IT infrastructure if needed
• Someone maintains the IT infrastructure
• Monthly online subscription – Pay per use Model
• More Reliable
• Dynamically scale up the available resources, instantly, on-demand
• Multi-tenant environment

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Some Cloud Service Providers Today
• Citrix
• Google
• Amazon web services
• Rackspace Cloud
• Salesforce CRM
• vCloud Express
• IBM Smart Cloud

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Cloud Computing Deployment Models

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Cloud Computing Deployment Models
• Public
• Private
• Community
• Hybrid

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Public Cloud
• Open for General Public
• Free and Paid Models - Register yourself at CSP’s website
• Highest level of efficiency
• Owned by a user, an industry, a government organization
• Shared Data Center- Security is a big concern

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Public Cloud – When to Choose?
• For startups to grow fast instantly
• For periodic processing at certain period of times
• For pre-defined burst events which demands high utilization
• For unpredictable utilizations by users

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Public Cloud – Service Providers
• Amazon web services
• Google
• Openshift
• Microsoft Azure
• IBM Smart Cloud

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Public Cloud Issues
• Public Cloud Security concerns:
– Data existence
– Data ownership
• Limited Customization and control on infrastructure.

¾Private Cloud - a better choice than Public Cloud when Security or control is a concern

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Private Cloud
• Is created exclusively for a single person or an organization
• Exists on premises or off premises
• Owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party

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Private Cloud provisioning
Private cloud can be provisioned in two ways :
• On-premises means the IT resources are installed and run on computers on the premises
(i.e. in the network or firewall) of the person or organization. E.g. Mycloud in Infosys is on-
premises.
• Off-premises means the IT resources are installed and run on computers outside of the
the firewall of the organization.

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Private Cloud – Service Providers
• IBM Smart Cloud
• Think Grid
• Citrix
• Vmware
• Rackspace Cloud

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Private Cloud - Challenges
• Greater initial cost
• Management (greater skills)
• Reliability (uptime)
• Your security is entirely your responsibility

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Community Cloud
• For exclusive use by a group of users
• Users share mission or regulation w.r.t mission, policy, security requirements, or some
compliance considerations
• Owned, managed or operated by one or many organizations or by a third party
• It may exist on premises or off premises

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Community Cloud - Examples
• Healthcare community cloud:
– Offers definite security or regulatory requirements which compliant with some standard
let’s say HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• Financial services community cloud:
– To provide ultra-low latency for stock traders to execute financial transactions
• Other examples adopting Community Model:
– Education
– Energy
– Gaming

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Hybrid Cloud
• Composition of two or more set of cloud infrastructures
• Entities are bound together by some standard technology so as to allow data or application
portability
• Leverage multiple providers

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Hybrid Cloud - When to Choose
• Public and Private Cloud together w.r.t applications areas as per sensitivity or usage
• Cloud bursting for Load Balancing
• Instant on-demand provisioning of resources
• A lower cost model or capital expenditures
• Comparing Hybrid Model to a real world scenario, it's like in a house, you are sharing
bathroom, dining room, kitchen but you can still head on to your private room.

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Hybrid Cloud - Service Providers
• Amazon web services
• IBM Smart cloud
• Rackspace cloud
• Citrix
• Open shift

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Cloud Computing Service Models

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Cloud Computing Service Models
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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Traditional IT Infrastructure Model –
Challenges

• Infrastructure calls for on-going maintenance

• Costly
• Risky

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Solution - Infrastructure as a Service
• Infrastructure services :
– Renting storage space, network resources, processing and other computing resources required by
an organization
• Management effort of the underlying infrastructure is reduced
• You have some limited control to select the networking components like host, firewalls etc.
• The Cloud service provider here is called an IaaS provider.

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IaaS Delivery Model
Pick your...
• OS
• Firewalls
• Routers
• Load Balancing

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IaaS Control

Data and • You manage Data, Application, Runtime and

Application
pp middleware environments.
• You might require additional staff to manage
Runtime your applications.
• Cloud service provider has visibility only to the
Middleware
parameters below Hypervisor
OS and
Virtualization
Virtualization
Compare to a real-world example:
Network • Owning a Car: Traditional IT on-premises
Storage • Renting a Car: IAAS
Hardware and
Processing
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IaaS Delivery Model – Benefits
• Rent Infrastructure components either in public or in private
• No location dependence
• Pay as you Use model, cost-efficient
• Reduced or no infrastructure maintenance headaches
• Ability to scale from a single server up to entire data centers
• Meet your infrastructure demands dynamically with fast and reliable services

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IaaS Delivery Model – Challenges
• Integration issues while consuming resources outside company’s firewall
• Application deployment and migration issues
• Potential reliability and security risks

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IaaS Vendors
• IBM Smart Cloud
• Amazon web services
• Citrix
• Rackspace Cloud
• Flexiscale
• Gogrid

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Traditional IT Platform Management-
Challenges

• Different software, IDEs (Integrated Development Environment

• A lot of licensed software, an expensive option
• A team should take care of the platform management without any delay
• Compatibility issues between the hardware infrastructure and various different software
• Too much software or platform vendor dependence which becomes very risky

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Solution - Platform as a Service
• Here the CSP provides programming languages, libraries, services, and various other
tools to the consumer
• You can just focus on developing the application and once done, deploy it onto the cloud
• You not worry about the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers,
operating systems, or storage

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PaaS Delivery Model
Pick your…
• App Server
• Web Server
• Database Server
• Middleware
• Development Environments

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PaaS Control

Data and • You manage the Data and Application

Application
pp alone.
• You control the deployed applications and
Runtime some settings for the environment on which
application is hosted.
Middleware
OS and d
Virtualization
Virtualization
Network
Storage
Hardware and
Processing
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PaaS Delivery Model – Benefits
• Reduced complexity in hardware and software compatibility issues
• Increased focus for developers on application development logic
• Natural choice for development, testing and production environments
• Dynamic provisioning and scalable services

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PaaS Delivery Model – Challenges
• Connectivity, interoperability or synchronization issues
• Potential reliability, control and security risks
• Risks of vendor lock-in in case of migration requirements (Platform or Provider)

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PaaS Vendors
• Google App Engine
• Long Jump
• Cordys
• Salesforce
• Windows Azure
• Workxpress

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Traditional IT Software and Application
Management - Challenges

• Difficult to develop and use office productivity tools in quick time

• Reliability and security issues with applications
• Keeping ahead of the competition with latest versions

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Solution – Software as a Service
• SaaS provides ready to use existing online applications running on a cloud infrastructure
• Free or paid model via subscription
• E.g. a web-based mail like Yahoo Mail, Gmail
• Applications can be accessed from client devices

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SaaS Delivery Model
Pick your…
• Office Suites
• CRM
• Financial Planning
• Human Resources
• SCM

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SaaS Control

Data and • Cloud Service Provider hosts the Data and

Application
pp Application
• The consumer have no control on the underlying
Runtime cloud infrastructure
• There is limited control over application
Middleware
OS and
Virtualization
Virtualization
Network
Storage
Hardware and
Processing
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SaaS Delivery Model – Benefits
• Leverage anytime, anywhere access services
• Reduced operating costs
• Eliminate licensing and version compatibility problems
• Reduced hardware in premises

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SaaS Delivery Model – Challenges
• Data privacy and ownership issues
• Governance and billing management
• Synchronization issues between client and service provider

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SaaS Providers
• Zoho
• Salesforce CRM
• Netsuite
• Google Apps
• Netsuite
• Microsoft Office 365

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 Cloud Computing –
Benefits and Limitations

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Why use cloud?
• Competition:
– 45% of business already use or plan to use cloud
• The Green Cloud:
– You having a low power system can save energy at your end
– Cloud tools allow people to collaborate without travelling
• The Innovative Cloud:
– It is essential to meet next generation computing like google goggles working on
various devices would be a near future.
– In time, Visual Search (google goggles), augmented reality, online translations would be
required that is entirely dependent on cloud.

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Cloud Computing – Benefits
• Lower cost of ownership
• Rollout applications faster
• Multi-tenant environment
• Reduce infrastructure management complexity
• Allow for fluctuating resource loads

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Cloud Computing – Challenges

• Data Security and Privacy

• Data Ownership and Control Options
• Reliability and Performance
• Federation concerns amongst CSP’s
• Compliance to Legal standards

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Cloud Computing – Limitations
• Cloud computing makes it difficult to customise applications according to the needs of
different users.
• If the usage of services is excessive then costs of using services from a service provider
will be much more than conventional hosting.
• The changes in the application are made without the end user’s knowledge since the cloud
is not being maintained by him/her.
• The freedom of the end user is limited since he/she is dependent on the cloud computing
provider.

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Amazon Web Services –
An Introduction

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AWS History and Global Reach
• Launched in 2006
• Hundreds of thousands of customers
• Over 190 countries
• Over 800 government agencies
• Over 3000 Academic institutions
• 280 significant features and services launched in 2013

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What differentiates AWS from On-Premise
Solutions?

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AWS Overview
• Amazon primarily offers services in six different domains to fit to need of clients
– Networking
– Compute
– Storage
– Database
– Application services
– Deployment and management

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AWS Offerings – A Snapshot

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Learning Outcomes
After going through this unit, you are able to:
• Comprehend the technology specific terminologies used in cloud computing
• Determine the appropriate cloud service and deployment models based on consumer
requirements
• Appreciate the benefits and limitations of Cloud Migration
• Create an Amazon Web Services Account and understand the complete range of AWS
offerings

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Thank You

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