Q5

Define the following properties of fluids:

Properties of Fluid Description Formula

A physical property of matter that expresses a

relationship of mass to volume. The more mass
Density an object contains in a given space, the more
dense it is. Density is denoted by the symbol ‘ρ’.
Its unit is kg/m3.

The pressure exerted by a fluid at any point

inside it. The difference of pressure between two
levels is determined by the product of the
difference of height, the density, and the
Pressure acceleration of free fall. Or other words pressure
is the ratio of force on a fluid to the area of the
fluid held perpendicular to the direction of the
force. Pressure is denoted by the letter ‘P’. Its
unit is N/m2.

Specific weight is the weight possessed by unit

volume of a fluid. It is denoted by ‘w’. Its unit is
Specific Weight N/m3. Specific weight varies from place to place
due to the change of acceleration due to gravity
(g).

Specific gravity is the ratio of specific weight of

the given fluid to the specific weight of standard
fluid. It is denoted by the letter ‘S’. It has no unit.
Specific Gravity
Specific gravity may also be defined as the ratio
between density of the given fluid to the density
of standard fluid.
Absolute viscosity - coefficient of absolute
viscosity - is a measure of internal resistance.
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity is the tangential
force per unit area required to move one
Dynamic Viscosity horizontal plane with respect to another plane -
at a unit velocity - when maintaining a unit
distance apart in the fluid. In simple language it
is defined as the property which offers resistance
to flow.
 Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of - absolute (or
dynamic) viscosity to density - a quantity in
which no force is involved. Kinematic viscosity
Kinematic Viscosity
can be obtained by dividing the absolute
viscosity of a fluid with the fluid mass density
like

Defined as tensile force acting on the surface of

liquid in contact with air (gas) or between to
Surface Tension
miscible liquids. Surface tension is denoted by σ
and its units is N/m.