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Assessment 1- Report
18795136
Semester 2H 2018
Assessment 1 Jennifer Seach 18795136
Contents
Executive Summary..................................................................................................... 2
Objective............................................................................................................... 2
Context................................................................................................................. 2
Goals.................................................................................................................... 2
Recommendations................................................................................................... 3
Background Information............................................................................................... 4
Comparative Table....................................................................................................... 5
Recommendations...................................................................................................... 8
Reconstructed Unit.................................................................................................... 11
Scope and Sequence............................................................................................... 11
Concept Map........................................................................................................ 12
Assessment Task and Marking Criteria.........................................................................13
Redesigned Unit Outline.......................................................................................... 15
References.............................................................................................................. 27
Appendices............................................................................................................. 32
Executive Summary
Objective
This report outlines the evaluation and subsequent reconstruction of the Stage 4 History unit:
Ancient China, sourced from the Macquarie Fields High School, History Faculty. This unit has been
evaluated in accordance with the principles of Understanding by Design and reconstructed to ensure
the incorporation of inquiry-based learning and the development of threshold concepts.
In its original form, this unit of work is missing several essential components including the scope and
sequence, the concept map and the accompanying assessment task and marking criteria. Each of
these missing elements have been constructed using the Understanding by Design framework, to
support the reconstructed unit outline.
Context
The reconstructed Stage 4 History unit: Ancient China, incorporates evidence-based amendments
founded on relevant educational research. The original unit outline was designed for teaching and
learning within both selective and comprehensive classes, however, the reconstructed unit is
intended to support teaching and learning within a comprehensive, lower-ability classroom context.
Therefore, evidence-based changes to the unit are intended to support the development of lower
ability students’ understanding and use of essential concepts and skills.
Goals
Identify key learning goals aligned with the Understanding by Design Framework.
Recommendations
Development of literacy skills through regular historical source analysis, opportunities for
composition of historical accounts supported by evidence.
Promotion of critical and creative thinking skills through the production of a collaborative
inquiry-based assessment task.
Background Information
Situated in South Western Sydney, Macquarie Fields High School is a joint selective and
comprehensive, co-educational secondary school (DET, 2017). The student population comprises of a
total 1105 students, with 72% of students identifying as having language backgrounds other than
English, and 2% of students identifying as Indigenous (ACARA, 2018). Macquarie Fields High School
prides itself on the cultural and linguistic diversity of its students and seeks to provide both selective
and comprehensive students with opportunities to extend themselves academically and personally,
in a culture of high academic achievement (ACARA, 2018). The Index of Community Socio-
Educational Advantage (ICSEA), reveals that Macquarie Fields High School is above the National
benchmark, and this is reflected in recent student NAPLAN and HSC results, with over half of
students achieving the highest bands in Literacy and Numeracy. Furthermore, consistent academic
excellence has resulted in Macquarie Fields High School being identified as a Centre for Excellence,
the only secondary school in South Western Sydney to achieve this status (DET, 2017).
The unit outline targeted for evaluation within this report, is the Stage 4 History unit: Ancient China.
This unit was taught over a 3-week period to a comprehensive co-educational Year 7 class, as part of
professional practice 2. Within this class, students demonstrated low level literacy and numeracy
abilities, along with varying levels of existing content knowledge.
Learning activities Learning activities provide A greater range of collaborative Opportunities for peer-peer
Personal and extensively involve minimal identified opportunities activities throughout the learning communication, collaboration,
Social individual student for students to work processes, including mapping, decision making and leadership,
Capabilities work that can build collaboratively with their peers. source analysis and the assessment facilitate the development of students’
students’ personal This restricts the development task, which allow students to be social capabilities, as they work as a
capabilities including of students’ social capabilities. active co-creators of knowledge contributing member of a team
autonomy self- within the classroom, through the (ACARA, 2014d; Lee, Tsai, Chai & Koh,
management and sharing and discussion of ideas. 2014).
self-awareness.
Extensive learning There is a lack of guided student Inclusion of an individual student Self-reflection on students’ evolving
activities involving reflection on their independent reflection as part of the assessment understanding, abilities and skills,
individual student and collaborative learning skills, task to facilitate reflection on refine students’ capacity to work
work. and their developing strengths, difficulties and ability to independently and collaboratively
understanding. collaborate as a member of a team. through the reinforcement of personal
capabilities (ACARA, 2014d).
The historical skills There is a lack of clear and The explicit identification of the The principles of understanding by
and concepts explicit learning goals for the intended learning goals, at the start design involve the identification of
Understanding relating to the unit unit which results in a lack of of the unit outline, to scaffold the understanding goals as the first stage
by Design are listed within the alignment between intended creation of an assessment task and of the unit planning process to ensure
unit outline. goals for understanding, the learning experiences that are the alignment of long term goals,
collection of evidence of aligned with the principles of assessment of understanding and
understanding, and planned understanding by design. learning activities (Michael & Libarkin,
learning experiences. 2016; Wiggins, 2013)
The requirement for No assessment task to The creation of an inquiry-based Meaningful assessment should be
the use of diagnostic accompany the unit means that assessment task to gather evidence designed to collect evidence of
and assessment for there is a lack of consistency in on student understanding relating achievement of the identified learning
learning strategies, determining and gathering to identified learning goals, goals and should require students to
within the evidence of student including threshold concepts and apply this essential learning through
assessment achievement of desired skills. the processes of creation, application
overview. understanding. and transfer (McTighe, 2013;
Mangelsdorf, 2013).
The original unit outline was designed to be taught to both selective and comprehensive year 7
classes. While this intention remains the same, the reconstructed unit outline has been developed to
adequately support mixed and lower ability classes. In tailoring learning goals, assessment and
learning experiences for lower ability students, the objective is not to dilute the essential content,
concepts and skill knowledge that students are expected to develop (Snell & Leifstein, 2017). Instead,
the intention is to make the required learning meaningful, enduring and engaging for students whilst
maintaining alignment with identified learning goals. Moreover, Snell and Leifstein (2017) assert that
students “learn best through participation in rich and challenging classroom discourse” (p.41), and
this is reflected throughout the reconstructed unit outline, which incorporates a variety of
opportunities for students to work collaboratively with their peers, to “play an active and agentive
role in the joint construction of knowledge and negotiation of meaning” (p.43).
The Understanding by Design (UBD) framework, involves a backwards design approach to curriculum
planning, based on the theory that planning backwards from identified goals of student
understanding, improves alignment between these long-term learning goals, assessment practices
and learning experiences (Michael & Libarkin, 2016; Weatherby-Fell, 2015). Without a scope and
sequence, concept map and assessment task, the original unit outline was missing several key
components that are necessary to guide the teaching and learning of the unit. Therefore, the first
recommendation intended to align the reconstructed unit with the principles of UBD, includes the
identification of the goals for student understanding, including what students should “know,
understand and be able to do” with their understanding (Mangelsdorf, 2013, p.39). Within the
reconstructed unit, the desired learning goals have been identified as the threshold concepts that are
essential to students’ understanding of, and ability to use, historical concepts and skills to develop
their historical knowledge (Tucker, Weedman, Bruce & Edwards, 2014).
Assessment 1 Jennifer Seach 18795136
According to Tucker, Weedman, Bruce and Edwards (2014), threshold concepts are the discipline-
specific concepts and skills that are fundamental to students’ meaningful understanding within a
subject area. Therefore, in the context of the reconstructed unit, the threshold concepts identified as
the desired learning include empathetic understanding, significance, cause and effect, contestability,
continuity and change, and perspectives, along with the source analysis skill. Together, these
historical concepts and skills represent the transferable knowledge necessary for students to
meaningfully engage in the history discipline (McTighe, 2013). Through the explicit focus on these
threshold concepts within the reconstructed unit, and the inclusion of related threshold concepts to
guide classroom learning experiences, students will be supported to realise these conceptual
learning goals, and to develop enduring and transferable understanding of the practices of historical
study (Barradell, 2013; Wismath, Orr & Mackay, 2015; Mangelsdorf; 2013).
The second phase of the UBD approach to curriculum planning, involves identifying acceptable
evidence of student attainment of learning goals (Michael & Libarkin, 2016). This requires the
creation of an assessment task that is designed to assess the threshold concepts identified as
learning goals for the unit. The assessment task created as part of the reconstructed unit outline,
reflects McTighe’s (2013) assertion that evidence of student understanding can only be accurately
captured through tasks that require students to transfer and apply their knowledge to new contexts
and purposes. The collaborative, inquiry-based assessment task that has been created, requires
students to utilise their independent and collaborative working skills, to produce a creative,
evidence-based historical guide that explores the roles and daily lives of key social groups in Ancient
China. Both source analysis skills and empathetic understanding constitute two of the threshold
concepts identified as the desired learning goals for the unit (Barradell, 2013). Therefore, this task is
intended to gather evidence of students’ abilities to analyse a range of sources, for evidence to
support an historical account, which demonstrates an empathetic understanding of peoples’ lives in
the past (Mangelsdorf, 2013). Furthermore, the incorporation of individual, collaborative and
reflective components, supports the development of students’ personal and social capabilities (Lee,
Tsai, Chai & Koh, 2014).
Recommendations for the reconstructed unit also reflect an inquiry-based approach to student
learning in the classroom. In order to develop historical thinking skills, and consequently historical
understanding, it is argued by van Hover, Hicks and Dack (2016), that students must engage in the
processes of history, through inquiry-based learning. Historical inquiry requires students to utilise
their critical and creative thinking skills to evaluate sources for evidence, “critically analyse
information and form their own opinion” (Voet & De Wever, 2017, p.312; van Hover et al., 2016).
The amendments encapsulated within the reconstructed unit outline, represent an evidence-based
approach to improving the learning outcomes of students in lower ability classroom contexts (Snell &
Leifstein, 2017). This has been achieved through the implementation of the Understanding by Design
backwards planning framework, including the identification of desired learning goals, and the
alignment of assessment and learning tasks (Marsh, Clarke & Pittaway, 2014). An inquiry-based
approach to student learning has also been utilised, along with the intentional development of
threshold concepts, to promote student engagement to create enduring and transferable
understanding of historical concepts and skills (Wismath, Orr & Mackay, 2015).
Term 1- 11 weeks
The Ancient World
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11
Overview: The Depth Study 1: Investigating the Ancient Past Depth Study 2: The Mediterranean World –
Ancient World: (including ancient Australia) Ancient Egypt
Movement and
migration of Outcomes: HT4-2, HT4-3, HT4-6, HT4-9, HT4-10
Outcomes: HT4-1, HT4-5, HT4-6, HT4-8, HT4-9, HT4-10
people in the
Ancient World
Assessment Task: Funerary beliefs and mummification
pamphlet- 20%
Term 2- 10 weeks
The Ancient World (Continued)
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10
Integrated Overview: The Ancient World: the establishment and key features of ancient societies
Depth Study 2: The Mediterranean World Depth Study 3: The Asian World – Ancient China
(continued) –
Ancient Egypt Outcomes: HT4-2, HT4-3, HT4-6, HT4-9, HT4-10
Outcomes: HT4-2, HT4-3, HT4-6, HT4-9, Assessment Task: Collaborative Inquiry Task- Daily Life and Roles in Ancient China- 20%
HT4-10
Assessment 1 Jennifer Seach Geographical 18795136
Natural
Death Setting Features
Warfare Qin Shi Huang Di
Concept Map
Funerary
Practices
Customs Societal
Physical Development Significant
Features Individuals
Significant
Values Beliefs
Confucius
Cause and
Source Effect Perspectives
Conquest Warfare Analysis Law
Significant Religion
Significance
Contacts Ancient
Continuity and China
Change Social
Trade
Structure
Empathetic
Consequences Understanding
Contestability
Government
Legacy
Expansion of Contact and
trade Emperors
Conflict Peasants
Developments
Everyday Life
Key Groups
Rise of the Spread of Merchants Priests
Empire
12 Beliefs
Contemporary Teacher Leadership Semester 2H 2018
Scholars Craftsmen Women
Assessment Task and Marking Criteria
Notice of Assessment
Year 7
Rationale: This term students have begun investigations into the Asian World, concentrating on
Ancient China. This task requires students to work collaboratively to undertake an inquiry task into
the role and daily life of the different social groups in Ancient China. To complete this task, students
will engage in historical inquiry and utilise historical concepts and skills, including source analysis and
empathetic understanding.
Outcomes:
describes and assesses the motives and actions of past individuals and groups in the context of past
societies HT4-3
uses evidence from sources to support historical narratives and explanations HT4-6
uses a range of historical terms and concepts when communicating an understanding of the past HT4-9
selects and uses appropriate oral, written, visual and digital forms to communicate about the past HT4-10
Inquiry question: What were the roles and daily life of the key social groups in Ancient China,
including men, women and children?
Instructions: In a team of 5, you are to investigate the different social groups of Ancient China,
including their roles and daily life within society. Each group member will be responsible for the
investigation into one social group, ensuring that all 5 social groups are incorporated, including
Emperors, Shi (Nobles, officials and scholars), Nong (Peasant farmers), Gong (Artisans and crafts
people), Shang (Merchants and traders).
Your group is to create and submit a guide to daily life in Ancient China. Your group must decide on
an appropriate and creative format for your guide, such as a booklet, PowerPoint, multimodal
presentation or poster.
For each social group, you must analyse and include historical sources as evidence to support your
historical narratives and explanations. You should include a brief description of the sources you
include by answering the following questions. Why have you selected this source? What is the origin
of this source? How reliable do you think the source is and why? What evidence about daily life in
ancient china does this source provide?
Each group member is to submit an individual critical reflection based on the inquiry task. In your
critical reflection, consider the following questions. What were some of the challenges of the inquiry
task? What were your strengths and weaknesses working as a member of a team? How has this task
developed your skills of source analysis? How has this task developed your empathetic understanding
of the roles and daily lives of social groups in Ancient China?
Assessment 1 Jennifer Seach 18795136
Marking Criteria
Professional Practice 2
Topic 3
2
- Emperor- Qin Shi Huangdi Warring States periods.
- The Great Wall of China
3
- Social structure of China- Social Pyramid.
- Daily Life for men and women. Farmers, peasants, crafts people, women, children.
4
- Ruling the people and the land.
- Government and Legalism.
5
- Religion, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Daoism.
- Spiritual beliefs- myths and legends
6
- Site Study
- The Great Wall of China/ Forbidden city, Terracotta Warriors, Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi.
7
- Contact, Trade and Warfare.
- Legacy of Ancient China.
Extension
Roles of key groups in the ancient
society in this period (such as kings, Read ‘A Diligent Wife
emperors, priests, merchants, Social structure of China- Social Pyramid. and Fine Mother’ and
craftsmen, scholars, peasants, women), Resources: complete student
including the influence of law and activity (China
Oxford Insight History p 240-45
religion (ACDSEH044, ACDSEH041) Understanding its Past,
See Faculty Resource Folder for Power Points.
90-5).
Activities:
Students: ‘Ancient China Social Classes’. Examine the five
groups and create a social structure pyramid (on
outline the main features of the board).
social structures and government
of the ancient society, including Extension
the role of law and religion Daily Life for men and women. Farmers,
peasants, crafts people, women, children. Read ‘The Story of Little
Tiger’ and complete
Resources: student activity (China
Historical concept/skill- Understanding its Past,
Oxford Insight Digital p.244 108-13).
Source analysis Activities:
Empathetic understanding
The true story of Mulan. To be read to the class
and compared to the Disney interpretation. Class
Inquiry Question: What were the discussion relating to the purpose of the story, its
roles and daily life of the key social morals and meanings and what the story reveals
Activities:
Site Study
Class:
Date:
Teacher Signature:
curriculum/general-capabilities/critical-and-creative-thinking/
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2014b). Literacy. Retrieved August 20,
capabilities/literacy/
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2014c). Numeracy. Retrieved August
capabilities/numeracy/
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2014d). Personal and social capabilities.
curriculum/general-capabilities/personal-and-social-capability/
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2018). My school. Retrieved August 18,
Education and Educational Planning, 65(2), 265-276. Retrieved August 24, 2018 from
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/1347459788?accountid=36155
Carter, M. G., Klenowski, V., & Chalmers, C. (2015). Challenges in embedding numeracy throughout
Department of Education. (2017). Macquarie Fields High School. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from
http://www.macfields-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/
Forgasz, H. J., Leder, G., & Hall, J. (2017). Numeracy across the curriculum in Australian schools:
Teacher education students’ and practicing teachers’ views and understandings of numeracy.
Lee, K., Tsai, P., Chai, S. C., & Koh, H. J. (2014). Students' perceptions of self-directed learning and
com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/1651850885?accountid=36155
Lucas, B. (2016). A five-dimensional model of creativity and its assessment in schools. Applied
10.1080/08957347.2016.1209206
Mangelsdorf, Nicole. (2013). Understanding by design. TLN Journal, 20(1), 38-39. Retrieved August
au.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/documentSummary;dn=302937402730691;res=IELHSS
Marsh, C. J., Clarke, M., & Pittaway, S. (2014). Marsh’s becoming a teacher (pp. 101-128). Frenchs
McTighe, J. (2013, 17 July). What is understanding by design? [video file]. Retrieved August 16, 2018
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=d8F1SnWaIfE&index=4&list=PLfAIpkqIQeb89tnBX_los7emkMJ_c7eGm
Meiers, M. (2015). A developing story: The literacy demands of the curriculum. Practical Literacy,
au.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/fullText;dn=210293;res=AEIPT
backward design methodology at the university level. Bioscene, 42(2), 44-52. Retrieved
com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/1895969205?accountid=36155
Sanders, S. (2016). Critical and creative thinkers in mathematics classrooms. Journal of Student
Engagement: Education Matters, 6(1), 19-27. Retrieved August 24, 2018 from
http://ro.uow.edu.au/jseem/vol6/iss1/4
Snell, J., & Lefstein, A. (2017). “Low ability,” participation, and identity in dialogic pedagogy.
American Education Research Journal, 55(1), 40-78. Retrieved September 1, 2018. doi:
10.3102/0002831217730010
Spires, H. A., Kerkhoff, S. N., Graham, A. C. K., Thompson, I., & Lee, J. K. (2018). Operationalizing and
validating disciplinary literacy in secondary education. Reading and Writing, 31(6), 1401-
Tucker, V. M., Weedman, J., Bruce, C. S., & Edwards, S. L. (2014). Learning portals: Analyzing
threshold concept theory for LIS education. Journal of Education for Library and Information
com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/1773218916?accountid=36155
van Hover, S., Hicks, D., & Dack, H. (2016). From source to evidence? Teachers’ use of historical
sources in their classrooms. Social Studies, 107(6), 209-217. Retrieved August 24, 2018. doi:
10.1080/00377996.2016.1214903
Voet, M., & De Wever, B. (2016). History teachers’ conceptions of inquiry-based learning, beliefs
about the nature of history, and their relation to the classroom context. Teaching and
Teacher Education, 55, 57-67. Retrieved August 24, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2015.12.008
Voet, M., & De Wever, B. (2017). History teachers’ knowledge of inquiry methods. An Analysis of
Cognitive Processes Used During a Historical Inquiry, 60(3), 312-329. Retrieved August 20,
Weatherby-Fell, N. L. (2015). Planning for pedagogy: A toolkit for the beginning teacher. In N. L.
Weatherby-Fell (Ed.), Learning to teach in the secondary school (pp. 105-131). Port
Wiggins, G. (2013, February 20). Understanding by design [video file]. Retrieved August 16, 2018
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4isSHf3SBuQ&list=PLfAIpkqIQeb89tnBX_los7emkMJ_c7eGm&index=3&t=3s
Wismath, S., Orr, D., & MacKay, B. (2015). Threshold concepts in the development of problem-solving
skills. Teaching & Learning Inquiry, 3(1), 63-73. Retrieved August 24, 2018 from
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/1941338012?accountid=36155
Professional Practice 2
Topic 3
1
- Geography, Yellow River, Yangtze River, Gobi Desert, Mountains Ranges
- Chronology of China- Dynasties and Kingdoms- Mandate of Heaven.
2
- Emperor- Qin Shi Huangdi Warring States periods.
- The Great Wall of China
3
- Social structure of China- Social Pyramid.
- Daily Life for men and women. Farmers, peasants, crafts people, women, children.
4
- Ruling the people and the land.
- Government and Legalism.
5
- Religion, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Daoism.
- Spiritual beliefs- myths and legends
6
- Site Study
- The Great Wall of China/ Forbidden city, Terracotta Warriors, Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi.
7
- Contact, Trade and Warfare.
- Legacy of Ancient China.
Resources:
Resources:
Students: Oxford Insight History p 240-45
See Faculty Resource Folder for Power Points.
outline the main features of the
social structures and government Extension
of the ancient society, including
Activities:
the role of law and religion Read ‘A Diligent Wife
‘Ancient China Social Classes’ .Examine the four
and Fine Mother’ and
groups and create a social structure pyramid (on
board). complete student
activity (China
Role play – in groups, write a brief script and
Understanding its Past,
perform a role play which demonstrates
knowledge and understanding of the roles of key 90-5).
groups.
Daily Life for men and women. Farmers,
peasants, crafts people, women, children.
Resources: Extension
Oxford Insight Digital p.244 Read ‘The Story of Little
Tiger’ and complete
Students: Activities:
explain how the beliefs and values ‘The Confucian World’ teacher info. (China
of the ancient society are evident Understanding its Past, 7-10)
in practices related to ONE of the Explore the following:
following:
Class:
Date:
Teacher Signature: