Iuru Artur-gr.

103/FRISPA

Global Issues of International organizations

Thanks to increasing international trade in goods and services, capital flows, and operational
linkages among business firms, worldwide integration and interdependence is now a fact of life.
This is globalization For all of its many problems, globalization is worth pursuing as a way to
raise the world’s living standards. Its call for open markets is direct. It is often not simple to put
in practice as public policy. Its decline during the turbulent years between World War I and II
underscores how difficult it is to put such policy in place. Nevertheless, by the 1950s the world
economy again resumed its upward trend toward globalization. The model traditionally
associated with an international society is the Westphalian model based on the still-predominant
idea that sovereign nation-states comprise the global arena’s central, if not exclusive, actors.

Definitional work is especially critical in the analysis of INGO issues because failure to do so
can contribute to the already existing political confusion concerning the roles of INGOs.[23]
This article focuses nongovernmental organizations that operate beyond state boundaries, usually
with participation from several countries, and have an internationsl mission. Those organizations
operating beyond state boundaries do not necessarily distinguish a subclass of nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs), but do emphasize the context of this paper: state vs. non-state actors
involved in international policy making.

Although not sovereign entities, INGOs possess a vast potential to influence international,
national, and local policy and have demonstrated that potential in many instances. In an effort to
bring coherence to current and future research on this topic, I categorize the various impacts of
INGOs and conclude that among these, some are more responsible than others in motivating the
need for a global model accommodating a broader host of primary global actors. As INGO
impacts are demonstrated to be complicated and diffuse, ultimately this inquiry is impact-
specific.

Legitimacy, as concept, was an integral part of political thought for a long time, but only recently
has come to the attention of specialists in international relations. International specialty literature
addresses legitimacy as being related to certain criteria that confer continuity and trust.

International organizations participate as independent and neutral actors on the global stage and
can transform the relationships between states, increasing the efficiency and legitimacy of their
individual or collective decisions. This feature requires the short or long term balanced actions
depending on the interest of both sides: powerful states will not join any organization they
cannot influence and small countries will not join any organization whose decisions undermine
their sovereignty.

The principle of consensus practiced within the international organization has always meant that
all parties have to agree upon a specific issue, but in practice tis voting system can be hidden;
reality proves that the voting share of wealthier countries is more important than of poorer
countries.

From a global policy perspective INGOs also fill enforcement and implementation roles.

Courts facilitate other examples of INGO enforcement as national courts increasingly allow
nongovernmental organizations to intervene litigiously in areas such as environmental
protection.

The impact of the INGO pursuits can range across seeding an idea in a populace, facilitating a
minority voice, changing a political atmosphere, and ultimately having an impact on regulation
and law. Depending on the emphasis of the INGO, these impacts manifest themselves in public
policy at various levels of society and government including local and national sovereignties,
and/or international governance bodies.

Because of the impact of INGOs on globalization, the implications suggest that INGO activities
can actually be a source of the very competition that decreases the efficacy of the national
collective decisionmaking process. In other words, democratic stability, at least on the national
level, may actually decrease, depending on INGO strategies, pursuits, output forums, and
national competition. On the other hand, to the extent that the Westphalian paradigm encourages
national democratic stability, the model presented in this piece identifies several INGO activities,
for example, cooperation and friendly advocacy, that would affirm national stability.

The renovation of the international system in the ways proposed above would allow the
international community to accelerate progress in individual and global challenges. By
increasing the interaction between international organizations and civil society

The difficulties faced by the international institutions in providing benefits for the developing
countries have arisen from at least four sources. It may be the case that globalization has simply
overwhelmed theseinstitutions and that their impact is minor compared to other factors,
especially with a large and open world economy, and it is likely that domestic weaknesses
account for part of their poor performance. But their problems may also lie in the pressures
exerted by the large, developed countries and private producers and investors. Both of these
groups have shaped the functioning of theWTO, IMF, andWorld Bank.The powerful, rich
countries have bargained hard within these institutions to advance their own interests. Private
producers and investors have directly and indirectly affected the performance of the institutions
through their central role in the world economy. All of these institutions were established to
support andfacilitate private trade and capital flows, not to supplant them. Finally, one cannot
overlook the claim that part of the problems arises from the internal organization and procedures
of the institutions themselves.Making loans and imposing conditions may be more important for
career advancement than measuring the impact of these activities on the developing nations.
Positive, empirical research