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CONTENTS

Particulars Page No.


List of Abbreviation I
List of Table V
List of Figure VI

CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION 1-6


1.1 General 1
1.2 Expansive soils 2
1.3 Fly Ash 4
1.4 Stone Dust 5
1.5 Objectives of the Study 5
1.6 Organization of the Thesis 6
CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REIEW 7-22
2.1 Standard Technique for Improving Properties of Soil 7
2.1.1 Mechanical Stabilization 8
2.1.2 Chemical Stabilization 8
2.1.2.1 Calcium Chloride 9
2.1.2.2 Sodium Chloride 10
2.1.3 Bituminous Stabilization 10
2.1.4 Cement Stabilization 11
2.1.4.1 Normal Soil Cement 11
2.1.4.2 Plastic Soil Cement 12
2.1.4.3 Cement Modified Soil 12
2.1.5 Thermal Stabilization 12
2.1.6 Lime Stabilization 12
2.1.7 Electrical Stabilization 13
2.1.8 Stabilization by Grouting 13
2.1.9 Sand Stabilization 14
2.2.1 Economics Construction of Rural Road 14
2.2.2 Behavior of Expansive Soil Mixed With Lime and Fly Ash 15
2.2.3 Compressible clay soil as Backfill Material – Problem and
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Remedial Measures
2.2.4 Engineering Behavior of Saw Dust Mixed Cotton Soil 17
2.2.5 Behavior of Sand and Nylon Fiber Mixed Black Cotton Soil 18
2.5.6 Soil Improvement by locally available materials: A Comparison 20
2.6 Treatment of expansive soil by stone dust 20
2.6.1 Basic Mechanism 20
2.6.2 Effect on plasticity properties 21
2.6.3 Effect on strength property 21
2.6 Treatment of expansive soil by Fly Ash 22
CHAPTER- 3 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY USED 23-30
3.1 Materials Used 23
3.2 Index Properties of Expansive Soil 25
3.3 Composition of Fly Ash (FA) 26
3.3.1 Index and Engineering properties of Fly Ash (FA) 27
3.4 Methodology Adopted 28
CHAPTER -4TEST RESULTS 31-57
4.1 Test Results with different percentages of Stone Dust as
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admixture in expansive soil
4.1.1 Atterberg’s Limit 34
4.1.2 IS Heavy Compaction 38
4.1.3 California Bearing Ratio Test 42

4.1 Test Results with different percentages of Fly Ash as admixture in


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expansive soil
4.1.1 Atterberg’s Limit 46
4.1.2 IS Heavy Compaction 50
4.1.3 California Bearing Ratio Test 54
CHAPTER - 5 COMPARISONS ON STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE
58-59
SOILS WITH STONE DUST AND FLY
5.1 Comparison on Stabilization of Expansive soils with Stone
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Dust and Fly
5.1.1 Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit 58
5.1.2 Modified Proctor Test (OMC & MDD Test) 58

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5.1.3 Free Swell Index (FSI) 59
5.1.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) 59
CHAPTER - 6 CONCLUSION 60-61
6.1 Conclusion 60
6.2 Scope for future study 61
REFERENCES 62-64

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Page No.


3.1 Index and Engineering Properties of Stone Dust 24
3.2 Grain size distribution of Expansive Soil 25
3.3 Index and Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil 25
3.4 Composition of Fly Ash (FA) 27
3.5 Index and Engineering Properties of Fly ash 28
4.1 Test Results with different percentages of Stone Dust as
admixture in expansive soil

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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure No. Page No.
1.1 Major Soil Types in India 4
3.1 Grain size distribution of fly ash 27
3.2 California Bearing Ratio Test Apparatus 30

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