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EMBRYOLOGY
6- Enamel tufts
-Enamel lamellae
-Incremintal lines of Retzius
-Rod sheath
-Neonatal lines
-Short increments
DENTIN
:
-Cementum furnishes a medium for the attachment of collagen fibers
of the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. The continuous
deposition of cementum is importance to keep the attachment apparatus
intact.
-In the same time deposition of the cementum at the apical part of the
root compensate the loss of tooth substance that may occur from the
occlusal wear.
-Cementum serves as a major reparative tissue for root surfaces
damage as fracture or resorption can be repaired by deposition of new
cementum.
1- Enumerate with drawing the different types of pulp cells.
3- Types of bone.
Bone tissue mainly exists in three forms:
I. Lamellar bone.
Compact bone and Spongy (cancellous) bone.
II. Non lamellar bone.
Coarse fibered bone and Woven bone.
III.Bundle bone.
2- Synoviocytes.
- Type (A): macrophage-like synoviocytes. They possess many
plasma membrane invaginations, and associated pinocytotic vesicles.
Their cytoplasm contains numerous mitochondria and lysosomal
elements and a prominent Golgi complex. They exhibit marked
phagocytotic properties.
- Type (B): fibroblast-like synoviocytes. They contain many rough
endoplasmic reticulu. They synthesize the hyaluronate found in
synovial fluid.
Maxillary sinus
The functions of The Maxillary Sinus.
Answers of Maxillary sinus
5- Types of nonkeratinocytes.
a) Pigment cells.
b) Langerhan's cells.
c) Merkel cells.
d) Inflammatory cells.
6- The cellular elements found in the lamina propria of the oral mucosa .
a) Synthetic cells: fibroblasts secreting fibers and ground substance and
fat cells concerned with the synthesis and storage of fat.
b) Defensive cells: they are macrophages, mast cells and variable
numbers of inflammatory cells derived from circulating leucocytes.
c) Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
10- Stages of Passive eruption. It has 4 stages where the first and the
second stages considered normal and third and forth stages may be
normal or pathologic.
First stage:
- Occur in the primary teeth till one year before shedding and in the
permanent teeth till 20-30 years.
- The coronal end of primary attachment epithelium present on the
enamel and the apical end on the cemento enamel junction.
- The clinical crown is less than the anatomical crown.
Second stage:
- Occur till the age of 40 years or even later.
- The coronal end is still on the enamel and the apical end on the
cementum.
- The clinical crown is less than the anatomical crown.
Third stage:
- It is a transient stage.
- The coronal end present at the cemento enamel junction and the
apical end on the cementum.
- The clinical crown equal to the anatomical crown.
Fourth stage:
- From 60 years or even later.
- The coronal and the apical ends present on the cementum.
- The clinical crown is longer than the anatomical crown.