Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and improved

sanitation strategies for policymakers

11-13 July 2018
Singapore

Country Presentation

“ Nepal”

By
Chakravarti Kanth
Project Director
Regional Urban Development Project
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily
reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI
does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no
responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be
consistent with ADB official terms.
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

Every citizen shall have right of to live in healthy and clean environment.
(Constitution of Nepal, Article 30.1)

Every citizen shall have right of access to clean water and sanitation.
(Constitution of Nepal, Article 35.4)

§ Total Sanitation Guidelines 2015

§ Sanitation & Hygiene Master Plan 2011
§ Urban water supply & sanitation policy 2009
§ Rural water supply & sanitation policy 2004
§ Water Supply & Sanitation Policy Draft
§ Nepal Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene Sector Development Plan Draft (2016-2030)
§ WaSH Act (Draft)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

Government of Nepal
National Planning Commission

Ministry of Water Supply Ministry of Urban Ministry of Health &

Nepal Water Supply Corporation
Development Population
Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Fund
Development Board
Department of Water Supply & Department of Urban Development
Provincial Government Sewerage & Building Construction
(7 Nos.)

Province Level Federal Level

Regional Directorate
District Coordination Committees
(77 Nos.)
Division & Sub-Division Offices
Local Level Bodies (753)
Municipality - (293 Nos.)
Rural Municipality - (460 Nos.)
Local Level
Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and
improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

NSHSC

Planning Implementing
NSHCC

R-WASH-CC

Coordination D-WASH- Monitoring

CC

M/V-
WASH-CC
Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and
improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

Significant

Private
Sector MoWS
MoUD Urban WASH
ENGAGEMENT

DWSS Stakeholders:
DUDBC
Shared
Moderate

Media
MoFALD
Responsibility,
Municipality/MuAN
WUSCs
Mutual
Bagmati Conservation Accountability
Melamchi/PID/KUKL
NGOs Academia NWSC
Little

Water Boards
TDF

Small Medium Large

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and
improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

Current Year Budget

NRs. 36 billion,
Next Year Budget
NRs. 36 Billion

Source: SACOSAN-VII Paper

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Dashboard On The Progress Made In The Past 5-10 Years In Urban And Rural Sanitation

Coverage %
National Sanitation Coverage: 97.3% 120
Province : 3 (7)
97.3
District : 58 (77) 100

Municipality : 223 (293) 87 95.5

80 82
(including Metropolitan, Sub-metro)
70
Rural Municipality : 413 (460) 60 40% = 2% per year 62

46 46
Source: Ministry of Water Supply 40 39 40
30 49.5% = 7% per year
25
20 20
6
0
1990 1997 2000 2002 2005 2007 2008 2010 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
March
Coverage %

Source: SACOSAN-VII Paper

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Dashboard On The Progress Made In The Past 5-10 Years In Urban And Rural Sanitation

Status of Sanitation as
per JMP 2017 Report

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Dashboard On The Progress Made In The Past 5-10 Years In Urban And Rural Sanitation

Sanitation status in
Nepal December,
2017
Source: SACOSAN-VII Paper

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Dashboard On The Progress Made In The Past 5-10 Years In Urban And Rural Sanitation

• 1980s: Formal Efforts

• 1994: National Sanitation Policy
• 2000: School Sanitation and Hygiene Education Milestones of
• 2003: Community Led Total Sanitation Sanitation in
• 2006: School Led Total Sanitation Nepal
• 2011: Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan
• 2015 : Total Sanitation Guideline (Final Draft)

Activity → Project → Program → Social Movement

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Dashboard On The Progress Made In The Past 5-10 Years In Urban And Rural Sanitation

Promotion of Local Materials for Sanitation

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

• Leadership of Local bodies

• Social movement in sanitation
• Political commitment & ownership by political parties
• Harmonized approach (As per National Sanitation Plan)

Government Community
Leadership Ownership

Stakeholders Private Sector

(DP/I/NGOs) Entrepreneurship
Partnership

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

• Zero Subsidy for household toilet (except for Ultra poor)

• Initiation of Fecal sludge management in 3 municipalities
(Charaali, Kakarbhitta, Byas)
• Piloting of decentralized waste water plants in Kavre, Lalitpur,
Bardiya
• Preparation of WaSH plan of 753 local bodies under process
(Piloting of WaSH Plan in 14 local bodies)
• Piloting of Sanitation Safety Plan in Kavre, Lalitpur

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Major
Dashboard
Issues
On(Relating
The Progress
To Policy,
Made Institution,
In The PastCapacity,
5-10 Years
Programs,
In Urban
Financing,
And RuralPartnerships)
Sanitation

Policy
§ Lack of waste water management policy & fecal sludge management
Institution
§ Ownership by 3 tiers of government
§ Fragmented institutions with overlapping responsibility
Capacity
§ Provincial & local level capacity
Financing
§ Insufficient, uncoordinated and unpredictable financial flows at all level
§ No guaranty of maintenance and rehabilitation fund
§ Deficit of budget in Sanitation sector

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Major
Dashboard
Issues
On(Relating
The Progress
To Policy,
Made Institution,
In The PastCapacity,
5-10 Years
Programs,
In Urban
Financing,
And RuralPartnerships)
Sanitation

Partnership
§ Instrumentation and consistent implementation missing
§ Sustainability of ODF (up to total sanitation)
§ Sanitation facility in public places, market area
§ Motivation of private sector
§ Functionality of water supply projects (water supply access 87%, sanitation 97%)
§ Climate change, DRM in WaSH

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Major
Dashboard
Issues
On(Relating
The Progress
To Policy,
Made Institution,
In The PastCapacity,
5-10 Years
Programs,
In Urban
Financing,
And RuralPartnerships)
Sanitation

Pollution in Phewa Lake

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Major
Dashboard
Issues
On(Relating
The Progress
To Policy,
Made Institution,
In The PastCapacity,
5-10 Years
Programs,
In Urban
Financing,
And RuralPartnerships)
Sanitation

Dhobighat WWTP, Kathmandu

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Thank You for your attention !

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers