BCTF14E038 Muhammad Rizwan

INTERNSHIP REPORT
Noshera road from katha chowk to khaliqabad section
0.00to 20 KM

Program: BS CIVIL TECHNOLOGY

Session: 2014 to 2018

Roll no: BCTF14E038

Submitted to: ENGG ASAD SULTAN

Submitted by: MUHAMMAD RIZWAN

University College of engineering and technology

University of Sargodha

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1. About Companies:

 MRC Company:
As one of the largest diversified heavy civil contractors and construction
materials producers in the Pakistan, we strive to provide our customers
with the highest standards of quality, value, and service on every project.

Project diversity is a fundamental element of our business model. From

roads, highways, and bridges to rapid transit systems, we’ve been in the
business of building transportation infrastructure since our founding in
1976. Our experience, capabilities, and resources enable us to build
projects of all sizes and scope.

We partner with customers, designers, subcontractors and suppliers on

thousands of projects each year. On large projects we often share
expertise, risk, and resources with joint-venture partners. We have built
many long-standing relationships over the years and are proud of our
reputation as a reliable and trusted partner.

Granite was founded by principled leaders who built clear values and
leadership into the fabric of our company. While building a financially
strong firm, we are also dedicated to creating opportunities, building
careers, and growing our company. Our vision is to be one of Pakistan’s
leading infrastructure firms.

By Ashfaque Ahmed

 C & W:
This Department is responsible for planning, execution, development
and maintenance of all Provincial Roads and Bridges through Annual
Development Programme, Sugar Cane Cess and Foreign assistance.
To serve the wider public, in line with the policy of the Government of
Punjab, by designing, constructing and maintaining roads, bridges and
buildings, using our experience of over 150 years, in the most fair, just
and equitable manner to ensure optimal development for all people living
in the province.

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 Highways Department:
Highways department is attached to Communication and Works
Department. Punjab Highways Department is responsible for
construction and maintenance of all the provincial roads network. The
department maintains a network of over 38000 km of roads.
Road Research & Material Testing Institute under all construction sabhi
kiyani Established in 1944 Road Research and Material Testing Institute
provides technical support in the shape of pavement design, testing and
analysis of road construction materials, evaluation of existing pavements
and providing solutions to various problems facing the field engineers of
the Department.
AZ Engineering Associate:

Created in 1990 by two Engineers in Pakistan, Shahzad Ashraf and

Syed Haris Ali, AZ Engineers has become a well-known company in
construction and related services in several countries of the world. Over
its 26 years journey, a strong growth has been recorded in the group’s
construction and civil engineering activities locally & internationally.

AZ Engineers with its head office in Pakistan has undertaken several

projects in different countries such as Pakistan, Libya, South Africa, Iraq
and the Sultanate of Oman. It also has branch offices in the Sultanate of
Oman.
The Company aims to serve the requirements of the people and is
privileged to be a part of building a better world to live in. It is committed
to providing materials and construction services while taking a lead role
in protecting the environment and natural resources.
The objective of the Company is to provide technical solutions for the
execution of projects with a skilled and technical team. Professionalism,
the quality of work, following the rules of safety, and most importantly
delivering on time has been the necessary requirements of international
projects as well as of international companies and consultants.
Alongside the execution of projects, the Company also provides training
to the workforce and the engineers to alleviate their usefulness in the
field of construction.

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 ABSTRACT
The major impact of the road construction to curb traffic
congestion problem has assessed in terms of traffic decongestion,
time saving, fuel saving and emission reduction. However
planning, design, construction, and erection of road consume great
span of time. The report is about Noshera road at Constructed in
Khushab. Road is a wide way leading from one place to another,
especially one with a specially prepared surface which vehicles
can use. This is the project at Khushab, Punjab Pakistan. The
designer company of this project is AZ Engineering associates of
Pakistan. And Contractor is MRC company Lahore. My experience
about this project is so good, I educated many things from it.
 RELEVANT FEATURE OF PROJECT

CLIENT C&W DEPT

CONSULTANT AZ Engineering
Assosiate
CONTRACT MRC Company
APPROVED COST RS. 480 MILLION
DATE OF COMMENCEMENT 01-12-2017
DATE OF COMPLETION 01-06-2018

 Introduction:
Noshera road (0.00 to 20.00km section) starts from Katha chowk
Khushab To Khaliqabad. It connects the Khushab city to Soon Valley
Khushab. It is also connected with Mianwali Road & Sargodha Road.
Average Daily Traffic ( ADT ) 10K heavy and low traffic vehicles pass
from this road. Different villages are connected to Khushab
City by this Road. The construction tender of Noshera Road has been
given to MRC company which is well-known construction firm in
Pakistan.

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 Basic Components of Noshera Road:

1. Sub Grade
2. Sub Base
3. Base Course
4. Wearing Course

1. Sub Grade:

Sub grade is the foundation of the road, thus its the lowest and most
important component of road structure.

Construction:
 If natural surface is above the formation level then the surface is
cut down to proposed sub grade surface

 If natural surface is below the formation level then the sub grade
will be above the ground level

Function of Sub grade:

 Bears all the load thus acts as a foundation of road

 Transfer load through grain to grain contact

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2. Sub Base:

Construction:
 Constructed above the sand cousin

 Thickness 12 inch or 1ft

Functions of sub base:

 Prevent rise of water or capillary action

Material:
 It consists of Gravel & sand.

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3. Base Course:

Construction:
 Constructed above the Sub Base.

 Thickness 10 inch (WBM)

 Thickness 3 inch (Asphaltic Base Course)

Functions of Base Course:

 To avoid the distortion of wearing course due to its sufficient
density

 Supports the wearing course

Material:
 Base Course is made up of sand, gravel, and stone.

 Asphaltic Material of 3 inch

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4. Wearing Course:
 It is the upper most layer of road cross section. It is provided
above the Base course.

Construction:
Constructed in a single layer of asphaltic material.Thickness of
Wearing Surface is 1.5 inches

Functions of Surfacing of Road:

 Prevent penetration of water in to the pavement

 Binder Course binds the Wearing Course with the Road Base

 Wearing Course provide a smooth riding

 Saves the lower layers from abrasion and weathering effects of the
moving vehicles

Material:
Made up of Asphaltic or Bituminous material.

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Types Of Roads:

 Types of Roads Based on Materials

 Earthen roads
 Bituminous roads
 Gravel roads

 WBM roads
 Concrete roads

Earthen Roads

Earthen roads are laid with

soil. They are cheaper of all
types of roads. This type of
road is provided for less traffic
areas and or for countryside
areas. Good drainage system
should be required which
reflects good performance for
longer period.

Gravel Roads

Gravel roads are also low

quality roads but they are
good when compared to
earthen roads. Compacted
mixture of gravel and earth is
used as pavement material in
this case.

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WBM Roads

Water Bound Macadam (WBM) roads contain crushed stone aggregate

in its base course. The aggregates are spread on the surface and these
are rolled after sprinkling water.WBM roads provides better performance
compared to earthen, gravel, murrum and kankar roads.

WBM roads are laid as layers about 10cm thickness of each layer. They
are very rough and may disintegrate immediately under traffic.

Bituminous Roads

Bituminous roads are very popular roads around the world. They are
most used roads in the world. They are low in cost and good for driving
conditions. They are flexible and thickness of bituminous roads depends
upon the subgrade soil conditions.

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Concrete Roads

Cement concrete is used to construct the pavements in case of concrete

roads. These are very popular and costlier than all other types of roads.
They are not flexible so, they require less maintenance.

Concrete roads are suitable for high traffic areas. Concrete roads are
laid with joints and time of construction is more.

 Types of Roads Based on Location and Function

o National highways
o State highways
o District roads
o Rural roads or village roads
National Highways

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National highways are main roads of a particular country. They connects

all major cities to the capital of the country. They run throughout the
length and breadth of the country. Minimum two lane road is provided for
national highways.

State Highways
State highways are second main roads which connect major parts of
state with in it. State highway ultimately connects to the national
highways.

District Roads
District roads are provided with in the cities and connects markets and
production places to state and national highways. Two types of district
roads are there namely,

o Major district roads

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o Minor district roads

Major district roads connect headquarters of neighboring district with
main parts of district while minor district roads are laid with in the district.

Rural Roads or Village Roads

Village roads connects the nearby villages with each other. They lead to
nearby town or district roads. Usually low quality roads are provided as
village roads because of low traffic.

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 Types of Roads Based on Rigidity

o Flexible roads
o Rigid roads
Flexible Roads
Flexible roads consists flexible layer as pavement surface which require
good maintenance otherwise it can be disintegrated easily with heavy
traffic. All types of roads except concrete roads are come under this
category.

Rigid Roads
Rigid pavements are non-flexible and cement concrete roads are come
under this category.

 Types of Roads Based on Topography

o Plain area road

o Hilly area roads

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Plain Area Road

The roads constructed on leveled surface is known as plain area roads.

Hilly Area Roads

Roads constructed in hilly regions are called as hill area roads.

Generally these are provided around the hill in spiral shape.

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 Composition and Structure of Flexible Pavements

Flexible pavements support loads through bearing rather than flexural

action. They comprise several layers of carefully selected materials

designed to gradually distribute loads from the pavement surface to the

layers underneath.

The various layers composing a flexible pavement and the

functions they perform are described below:

1. Bituminous Surface (Wearing Course)

The bituminous surface, or wearing course, is made up of a mixture of
various selected aggregates bound together with asphalt cement or
other bituminous binders.
This surface prevents the penetration of surface water to the base
course; provides a smooth, well-bonded surface free from loose
particles, which might endanger aircraft or people; resists the stresses
caused by aircraft loads; and supplies a skid-resistant surface without
causing undue wear on tires.

Base Course
The base course serves as the principal structural component of the
flexible pavement. It distributes the imposed wheel load to the pavement
foundation, the subbase, and/or the subgrade.
The base course must have sufficient quality and thickness to prevent
failure in the subgrade and/or subbase, withstand the stresses produced
in the base itself, resist vertical pressures that tend to produce
consolidation and result in distortion of the surface course, and resist
volume changes caused by fluctuations in its moisture content.

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The materials composing the base course are select hard and durable
aggregates, which generally fall into two main classes: stabilized and
granular. The stabilized bases normally consist of crushed or uncrushed
aggregate bound with a stabilizer, such as Portland cement or bitumen.

The quality of the base course is a function of its composition, physical

properties, and compaction of the material.

Subbase

This layer is used in areas where frost action is severe or the subgrade
soil is extremely weak. The subbase course functions like the base
course. The material requirements for the subbase are not as strict as
those for the base course since the subbase is subjected to lower load
stresses. The subbase consists of stabilized or properly compacted
granular material.

Subgrade

The subgrade is the compacted soil layer that forms the foundation of

the pavement system. Subgrade soils are subjected to lower stresses

than the surface, base, and subbase courses. Since load stresses

decrease with depth, the controlling subgrade stress usually lies at the

top of the subgrade.

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Materials used in construction of Noshera Road:

1. Soil
2. Gravel
3. Sand
4. Aggregate
5. Asphalt
6. Water

1. Soil

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Typical flexible pavement structure

Distribution of load stress in flexible

pavement

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Road Terminology

Alignment
the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents
and curves.

Camber (or crown)

the slope of the road surface downwards away from the centre of
the road, so that surface water can flow freely to the edge of the
carriageway, or on bends angling of the surface to lean traffic 'into
the bend' reducing the chance of a skid.

Carriageway
Part of the road intended for the movement of road motor vehicles;
the parts of the road which form a shoulder for the lower or upper
layers of the road surface are not part of the roadway, nor are
those parts of the road intended for the circulation of road vehicles
which are not self-propelled or for the parking of vehicles.

Pavement
The road regarded as a geoconstruction. In the UK the term
is road surface and the pavement is a pedestrian walkway
alongside the road

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Pedestrian crossing
Designated point on a road where road marking or other means
helps pedestrians cross safely

Shoulder (also hard shoulder)

A clear, level area to the side of the roadway available for stopping
if needed.

State highway
Road numbered by the state, falling below numbered national
highways (like U.S. Routes) in the hierarchy or a road maintained
by the state, including nationally numbered highways

National Highway
Road built and maintained by a national authority.

Milestone
One of a series of numbered markers placed along a road, often at
regular intervals, showing the distance to destinations.

Roadworks
Part or all of the road is occupied for work or maintenance

Lane
One of the longitudinal strips into which a carriageway is divisible,
whether or not defined by longitudinal road markings, which is
wide enough for one moving line of motor
vehicles other than motor cycles.

Gutter
a drainage channel usually at the edge of the road or along a
median.

Cross slope
The slope of the pavement, expressed as units of rise per unit of
run, or as a percentage

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Road Machinary used in Construction

Bulldozer
Excavation machine for pushing materials; it is made up of a crawler
tractor, a blade and often a ripper.

Wheel Loader
Excavation machine made up of a wheel tractor, a backhoe and a front-
end loader.

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Hydraulic Shovel
Machine made up of a pivot cab with a bucket attached for moving
various types of material.

Dump Truck
Truck equipped with a dump body; it is used for bulk transport.

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Grader
Machine with a swiveling blade situated between two wheel shafts for
leveling the ground or clearing debris off a roadway.

Tractor
Motorized machine used for operating farm equipment and tools.

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material used in Noshera road construction

1 soil
2 gravel
3 sand
4 aggregate
5 asphalt

1 soil
The Definition of Soil Stabilization … For any construction project,
whether it's a building, a road or an airfield, the base soil acts as the
foundation. Additionally, soil is one of the crucial construction raw
materials. ... To put it in simple words, it is a method of stabilizing soils

2 gravel
A gravel road is a type of unpaved road surfaced with gravel that has
been brought to the site from a quarry
or stream bed. They are common in
less-developed nations, and also in the
rural areas of developed nations such
as Canada and the United States.

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3 sand
. Sand is an important building material. It abundantly occurs in nature
and is formed by the decomposition of rocks. Sand particles consist of
small grains of silica (SiO2). It forms a major ingredient in concrete, lime
mortar, cement mortar, etc

4 aggregate

Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of

coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction,
including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and
geosynthetic aggregates. ... Aggregates are also used as base material
under foundations, roads, and railroads.

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5 asphalt
Asphalt pavement refers to any paved road surfaced with asphalt. Hot
Mix Asphalt (HMA) is a combination of approximately 95% stone, sand,
or gravel bound together by asphalt cement, a product of crude
oil. Asphalt cement is heated aggregate, combined, and mixed with the
aggregate at an HMA facility.

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Work Experience

It was one of the most outstanding days of my time at work. After being
introduced to everyone. I have been working for main consulting firm
MRC . They were very open and happy for me to subsidize as much as I
wanted to, and were open to any suggestions and ideas. This suddenly
made me feel comfortable and definitely made me feel as though I was
part of the NESPAK team. When I enter the company(MRC). I met the
Resident Engineer(RE) of MRC. He did welcome to me for joining MRC
company. He treated me very good and gave inspirational things, then
he appointed as internee on flyover 4(occasionally) under supervisor .
He taught me very well and tell me a lot of technical terms initially, day
by day he increased my knowledge. I followed all the rules. Not even I
learnt from supervisor, every staff of MRC fully co-operated with me and
lean me about all things that done at site. I learnt about many things at
road . When request of any site work reached at office, I checked and
did inspection with my supervisor and for gaining knowledge. I educated
many things like read drawings, how to inspect work, how to deal with
contractor and others, and many more.
I have also worked with other supervisors that dealt me very good and
help to gain more experience. It was a good chance for me to gain
experience and being technically strong. Everybody help me out for my
future career. Through experience and reflection, another treasured
lesson that I learned while working at was that in projects, specially
when working in prime stages of certain project, things may change very
rapidly and vividly. Occasionally, I faced problems with contractors who
try to encourage client to follow their designs instead of the engineer’s
design. The client might agree with contractor. Client may accept
proposals by the contractor without any proper documents to judge or
prove contractor design is correct. In such situation, as an engineer I
have to educate client about the importance of engaging engineers for a
project.
Overall, my work experience at was positive. I was very happy with the
amount of things that I have learnt and experienced in the 3 months of
being a Student Engineer with the company(MRC). I am so glad, and
proud that I have accomplished my course.

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