What is a sentsence?

A sentence is the largest independent unit of grammar: it begins

with a capital letterand ends with a period, question mark,
or exclamation point. Adjective: sentential.

The sentence is traditionally (and inadequately) defined as a word

or group of words that expresses a complete idea and that
includes a subject and a verb. See Definitions and Observations,
below.

The four basic sentence structures are the simple sentence,

the compound sentence, the complex sentence, and
the compound-complex sentence.

Type of a sentence.

Using different types of sentences and punctuation, students

can vary the tone of their writing assignments and express a
variety of thoughts and emotions.
A declarative sentence simply makes a statement or expresses
an opinion. In other words, it makes a declaration. This kind of
sentence ends with a period.
Examples of this sentence type:
“I want to be a good writer.” (makes a statement)
“My friend is a really good writer.” (expresses an opinion)
An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request.
It usually ends with a period but can, under certain
circumstances, end with an exclamation point.
Examples of this sentence type:
“Please sit down.”
“I need you to sit down now!”
An interrogative sentence asks a question. This type of
sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or
do, and it ends with a question mark.
Examples of this sentence type:
“When are you going to turn in your writing assignment?”
“Do you know what the weather will be tomorrow?”
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses great
emotion such as excitement, surprise, happiness and anger, and
ends with an exclamation point.
Examples of this sentence type:
“It is too dangerous to climb that mountain!”
“I got an A on my book report!”

Parts of a Sentence
If you know the parts of a sentence, you understand the sentence better.

A sentence is something built from words and phrases according to some

system.
It is not simply some words randomly thrown in together.

How Does a Sentence Work?

As I said above, "according to some system..."

What is a system?

It's not as hard as it sounds. A system is something in which...

 there are parts,

 all the parts do different tasks,
 so that the purpose of the whole is fulfilled.

A Sentence is a System
So, the important questions are...
 1. What are the different parts of a sentence and what jobs do these sentence
parts do?

2. How do these parts inter-relate so that a grammatically correct sentence is

created?

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What are the Different Sentence Parts?

As we learn about the parts of a sentence, we shall hear more about these different
names...

 Subject
For a detailed treatment of the 'subject of a sentence' click here.

 Predicate

o Finite Verb
(Transitive, Intransitive, or Linking)

o Object
(Direct or Indirect)

o Complement
(Subjective or Objective)
 o Adverbial
(Adjunct or Complement)

Subject and Predicate

A sentence is made up of two parts:

1. The Subject—tells us which person, animal, place or thing we are talking about;
2. the Predicate—tells us what we are saying about that subject.

Have a look at these sentences...

 Mohan ate those mangoes.

 Cricket is played in India.
 His sister is a teacher in Delhi.

The bold-faced part is the subject and the remaining part is the predicate in each of
the three sentences above.

This above division of the sentence into Subject and Predicate is clearly according to
meaning.

There is a more sophisticated explanation of these two sentence parts. That explanation
is based on syntax where the subject is considered a noun phrase and the predicate a
finite verb phrase. You can read here a detailed explanation about the 'subject os a
sentence'.

Finite Verb
A finite verb is a one, two, three or four-word verb, which acts as a single meaningful
sentence part and is essential (necessary) for the existence of the sentence.

Examples of finite verbs are:

 eat
 is eating
 has been eaten
 will have been eating

Read more about 'finite verbs' here.

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Object
This is usually a noun phrase, i.e. a group of words built around a noun or a pronoun.
The object answers the question:

 finite verb + whom?

or
 finite verb + what?

as in these examples:

 The teacher praised the student. (praised whom?—Answer: the student)

 Mohan eats mangoes. (eats what?—Answer: mangoes)

The student and mangoes are the objects in the above sentences.

Adverbial
Sentences may contain words or phrases of information about when, where,
howor why some action took place or something is in existence. Such words or phrases
are called Adverbials.

Adverbial Adjunct

When an adverbial is not essential to the sentence, it is known as an Adverbial Adjunct.

If you remove the adjunct, the rest of the sentence still remains a sentence.

Here are some examples of Adverbial Adjuncts...

 in the morning—She completed the story in the morning.

 at the railway station—I met him at the railway station.
 brilliantly—She played the piano brilliantly.
 for permission to go home—You should meet me for permission to go home.

Adverbial Complement

An Adverbial Complement is an essential part of the sentence. If you remove it, the rest
of the sentence is not a sentence.

Here are some examples of Adverbial Complements...

  at the railway station—She is at the railway station.
 in the morning—That was in the morning.

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Complement
As the name suggests, a complement is something that completes something.

What Does it Complete?

A complement completes...

 sometimes the meaning of the Subject (subject complement or subjective

complement) and

 sometimes that of the Object (object complement or objective complement).

How Does the Complement Complete?

The Complement completes...

 either by renaming the subject or object

 or by describing them

Here are some examples:

 Peter is a student.—the phrase a student renames the subject Peter. (Subject

Complement)

 That girl is clever.—the word clever describes the subject that girl. (Subject
Complement)

 We made Mohan monitor of the class.—the word monitor renames the

object Mohan. (Object Complement)
  The people found Susanna innocent.—the word innocent describes the
object Susanna. (Object Complement)

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Are Complements Essential?

Complements are essential parts of a sentence in a particular sense.

Every sentence does not require a complement; but when they occur in a sentence, you
cannot remove them. The rest of the sentence will become...

 either meaningless—Peter is a student.

 or will carry an unintended meaning—The people found Susanna innocent.

What Are the Different Parts of a

Sentence?
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The five main parts of a sentence are:
 Subject
 Predicate
 Clause
 Phrase
 Modifier

Subject
In general, the subject refers to the part of the sentence which tells whom or what the sentence is
addressing. The subject is going to be either a noun or a noun phrase.
For example, "Kelly walked down the street." Kelly is the subject, because she is the actor, or
subject, in the sentence.
There are a few different types of subjects. The underlined word is the subject.
 Simple subject: Kate is a thin girl.
 Full subject: Jeffrey's poem about his mother made the class cry.
 Compound subject: Paul and Tommy joined the soccer team at the same time.

Predicate
Let us return to our example "Kelly walked down the street." In this sentence, "walked" is
the predicate because it is the verb that tells us what Kelly is doing. A sentence can have just a
subject and a predicate. For example, you could just say "Kelly walked" and you have a complete
sentence.
Here are the types of predicates.
 Simple predicate: Harry ate his apple.
 Full predicate: The mouse slowly ran towards the food.
 Compound predicate: She both laughed and cried at the film.

Clause
A clause is usually some sort of additional information to the sentence. We could say "They like ice
cream." However, we could also say "They like ice cream on hot days." "They like ice cream" can
stand by itself, but "on hot days" adds something extra to the sentence. Therefore, "on hot days" is a
clause.
There are two different types of clauses:
 Dependent clauses - "On hot days" is an example of a dependent clause because it could not
stand by itself as a sentence.
 Independent clauses - "Paul washed the dishes, but he didn't want to." "He didn't want to" could
be a sentence by itself; however, here it is connected to the larger sentence.

Phrase
A phrase is sort of like a dependent clause. It is a group of words that cannot stand alone as a
sentence, but it can be used to add something to a sentence. There are a few different types of
phrases:
 A noun phrase acts as a noun. For example, "the hungry cat" is a noun phrase.
 An adjective phrase modifies a noun. The child playing hopscotch was happy.
 An adverb phrase begins with a preposition and acts as an adverb. "On a hot day" from earlier is
an example.
 A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition, its objects, and its modifiers. The house on
the corner was old.

Modifier
As you can see from above, there are many different types of ways to add additional information to a
sentence. All of these examples are known under the general category of modifiers.


Read more at http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/sentences/different-parts-

sentence.html#z9yRTdT5IDi0GutG.99