Sunset provision or clause is a measure within a statute, regulation or other law that

provides that the law shall cease to have effect after a specific date, unless further
legislative action is taken to extend the law.

The so-called “Presentment Clause” of Article I, Section 7 says that before a bill
passed by both houses of Congress can become law, it must be “presented to the
President of the Philippines.”.

Pocket veto’ whereby the President would simply refuse to act on the bill.
The line-item veto is a power granted to a chief executive to selectively veto certain
parts of a bill without vetoing the entire bill.
The legislative veto allows Congress to prevent a countervailing attempt by the
executive branch to implement a law in a manner contrary to the legislative intent.

The Origination Clause, sometimes called the Revenue Clause, this clause says that
all bills for raising revenue must start in the House of Representatives, but the Senate
may propose or concur with amendments as in the case of other bills.

Pump priming is the action taken to stimulate an economy, usually during a

recessionary period, through government spending and interest rate and tax reductions.

A presumption of constitutionality shifts the burden of proof from the government to

the citizen, requiring them to prove that a statute is unconstitutional.

Constitutional doubt - If two readings of a statute are possible, and one

raises doubt about the statute's constitutionality, the other should be preferred.

1. Orthodox view - An unconstitutional law is no law at all. It creates no office, it

creates no rights, it creates no obligation, it is not a source of protection. It is stricken
out of the statute books.
It is treated as if it was never enacted at all.
2. Modern view (Operative Fact doctrine) - An unconstitutional law is not stricken out of
the statute books. It remains there but the court refuses to recognize it. This is because,
before it is declared unconstitutional, it enjoys the presumption of constitutionality. At
that time, there may be parties who relied on the provisions of that law. As to them it
remains to be valid. This is an operative fact that cannot be denied. Because of this, the
declaration of unconstitutionality is not given retroactive effect. It is always given
prospective application.
Severability or Partial Invalidity. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provisions of
this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of
this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.

Fallback law - effiectively creates a fallback of the original law minus its invalid
provisions or applications,
Theory of legal Indeterminacy - A given body of legal doctrine is said to be
"indeterminate" by demonstrating that every legal rule in that body of legaldoctrine is
opposed by a counterrule that can be used in a process of legalreasoning.

Ratio Decidendi - the rule of law on which a judicial decision is based.

Binding precedent means a precedent or an existing law that courts are bound to
follow. Pro hac vice is a Latin term meaning "this time only"

Committee Report - For purposes of legislative history research, committee reports are
often the most important source for determining legislative intent.

Imaginative construction is the problem solving strategy of identifying and creating an

object, not readily apparent in the problem description, whose imagined existence
provides a key (vital, crucial element) to the solution.

Chevron deference doctrine is that when a legislative delegation to an administrative

agency on a particular issue or question is not explicit but rather implicit, a court may
not substitute its own interpretation of the statute for a reasonable interpretation made
by the administrative agency.

Textualism - strict or rigid adherence to a text (such as the text of the

Scriptures)specifically, US law : a legal philosophy that laws and legal documents
(such as the U.S. Constitution) should be interpreted by considering only the words
used in the law or document as they are commonly understood

“Animi sermo est” (speech is the index of intention) and “Verba legis non est
recedendum” (from the words of a statute there should be no departure)

Aequitas nunquam contravent legis – Equity never contravenes the law, or equity is
never applied against statutory rule or judicial procedure.

Intentionalism - the theory that a literary work should be judged in terms of the author's
intentions. Civil Code – Art. X

The void for vagueness doctrine is a constitutional rule. This rule requires that criminal
laws are so written that they explicitly and definitely state what conduct is punishable. ...
Second: The vagueness doctrine helps prevent arbitrary enforcement of the laws and
arbitrary prosecutions.

Qui haeret in litera, haeret in cortice. He who clings to the letter, sticks in the bark. He
who regards the mere words of an instrument cannot arrive at its meaning.
Purposivism is a theory of statutory interpretation that emphasizes the intent or
purpose of the drafters of the legislation or constitution, as reflected in the legislative
history. In other words, purposivism relies heavily on statutory purpose in interpreting it
Cessante Ratione Legis, Cessat Ipsa - The reason for a law ceasing, the law itself ceases.

Reading in- Where a court adds something to a statute to make it conform to the
constitution.

Reading down - It suggests that a statute has some ‘provisional’[6] or

‘primary’[7] meaning independent of the application of the presumption of valid meaning
and that it is that provisional or primary meaning which must be ‘read down’.

An ambulatory disposition is a judgment, decree, or sentence that is subject to change,

amendment, or revocation. A will is considered ambulatory because as long as the
person who made it lives, it can always be changed or revoked.

The doctrine of a "scrivener's error" is the legal principle that a map-drafting or

typographical error in a written contract may be corrected by oral evidence if the
evidence is clear, convincing, and precise.

The mischief rule is one of three rules of statutory interpretation traditionally applied by
English courts. ... In applying the mischief rule, the court is essentially asking what part
of the law did the law not cover, but was meant to be rectified by Parliament in passing
the bill.

Falsa demonstratio non nocet cum de corpore constat is a legal maxim that means
a false description doesn't void a document if the intent is clear. It is sometimes used to
correct an obvious mistake.

Impossibilium Nulla Obligatio Est is a legal maxim, used in India, with the following
meaning: Impossibility is an excuse for the non-performance of an obligation.

One is not bound to do an impossibility.

Number and Gender. With respect to words used in this Plan, the singular form shall
include the plural form, the masculine gender shall include the feminine gender, etc., as
the context requires. Where the context requires, the singular shall include the plural,
the plural shall include the singular, and any gender shall include all other genders.
A grandfather clause (or grandfather policy) is a provision in which an old rule
continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future
cases. Those exempt from the new rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired
rights, or to have been grandfathered in.

Noscitur a sociis - "It is known from its associates. The meaning of a word is or may
be known from the accompanying words. Under the doctrine of noscitur a sociis, the
meaning of questionable words or phrases in a statute may be ascertained by reference
to the meaning of words or phrases associated with it.
Ejusdem or Eiusdem Generis Definition: Of the same kind or nature. A rule of
interpretation that where a class of things is followed by general wording that is not itself
expansive, the general wording is usually restricted things of the same type as the listed
items.

Reddendo Singula Singulis Law and Legal Definition. Reddendo singula singulisis
a Latin term that means by referring each to each; referring each phrase or expression
to its corresponding object. It is a rule of construction used typically in distributing
property.

expressio unius est exclusio alterius n. [New Latin, the explicit mention of one (thing)
is the exclusion of another] : a principle in statutory construction: when one or more
things of a class are expressly mentioned others of the same class are excluded.

The last antecedent rule is a doctrine of interpretation of a statute, by which

"Referential and qualifying phrases, where no contrary intention appears, refer solely to
the last antecedent." ... The last antecedent rule is also applied to contract
interpretation.