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Estero de Paco, situated at Brgy.

Paco under district 5 of the City of Manila,

is one of the major tributary of Pasig river which has a length of 1.51 km and an

area of 1 142 225.4 sq. m. It has a total catchment area of 1 700 000 sq. m. A

catchment area or drainage basin is an area where all surface water from

precipitation converges which is usually in lower elevation.

In terms of the quality of its water, we gathered data which is necessary in

analyzing and explaining its hydrological aspect. Among the data gathered were its

water’s pH level, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical

oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand, all during the wet and dry

season.

pH Level

Site Dry Season Wet Season

1 7.1 7.0

2 7.1 6.9

3 7.1 7.0

4 7.2 6.9

5 7.1 7.0

6 7.0 6.8
The table above shows the pH level from 6 different sites along Estero de

Paco. The pH level ranges from 7.0 to 7.1 during dry season and 6.8 to 7.0 during

wet season. The gathered pH level from the waters of Estero de Paco is normal for

most water systems.

Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)

Site Dry Season Wet Season

Low High Average Low High Average

1 39 800 224 35 46 41

2 52 448 185 23 118 74

3 28 128 70 27 138 77

4 16 58 43 22 120 58

5 16 104 49 27 173 76

6 21 120 51 30 64 45

The table above show the total suspended solids (TSS) from

6 different sites along Estero de Paco. TSS parameter measures

the measure of undissolved solid particles in water such as level


of siltation, rotting plant and animal matter, and residential and

industrial wastes.

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

Site Dry Season Wet Season

Low High Average Low High Average

1 39 800 224 35 46 41

2 52 448 185 23 118 74

3 28 128 70 27 138 77

4 16 58 43 22 120 58

5 16 104 49 27 173 76

6 21 120 51 30 64 45

The table above shows the dissolved oxygen (DO) of Estero

de Paco coming from 6 different sites. Dissolved oxygen alludes

to the level of free, non-compound oxygen present in water or

different fluids. It is a critical parameter in surveying water

quality due to its impact on the living beings living inside a


waterway. In limnology (the investigation of lakes), dissolved

oxygen is a vital component second just to water itself. A

dissolved oxygen level that is too high or too low can hurt aquatic

life and influence water quality.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Site Dry Season Wet Season

Low High Average Low High Average

1 46 335 144 37 147 104

2 108 269 169 59 233 142

3 87 178 139 62 146 109

4 57 114 97 56 198 123

5 44 141 93 72 107 85

6 55 331 137 83 155 107

The table above shows the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in

Estero de Paco coming from 6 different points along the estuary. Biochemical

Oxygen Demand (BOD) refers to the amount of oxygen that would be


consumed if all the organics in one liter of water were oxidized by bacteria

and protozoa.

Generally, when BOD levels are high, there is a decline in DO levels.

This is because the demand for oxygen by the bacteria is high and they are

taking that oxygen from the oxygen dissolved in the water. If there is no

organic waste present in the water,there won't be as many bacteria present

to decompose it and thus the BOD will tend to belower and the DO level will

tend to be higher.

A 100 mg/L or greater demand only shows that the quality of water is

very poor and it is very much polluted. With that, the quality of water in

Estero de Paco is very poor and it is very polluted.

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Site Dry Season Wet Season

Low High Average Low High Average

1 78 462 220 89 179 135

2 160 398 263 129 255 211

3 160 278 212 129 159 148

4 120 198 155 129 466 238


5 80 258 150 137 190 155

6 120 586 243 119 164 144

The table above shows the chemical oxygen demand (COD)

measured from 6 sites along Estero de Paco. Chemical oxygen

demand (COD) is a measure of the capacity of water to consume

oxygen during the decomposition of organic matter and the

oxidation of inorganic chemicals such as ammonia and nitrite.

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