You are on page 1of 18

The Everyday

Pocket Handbook
for Arc Welding Steel

a series

Compiledas a usefultool
for on-the-jobwelding
personnelby an AWS
PresidentialTask GrouP

I
@ 1994by AmericanWelding Society.A[ rightr rcserved
PrintEdin the UnitEdSrstesof America

r|FIilEfrffi

NOTD: Although carE wa$ lrken in choosing and presenting the drta in this guide, AwS carmot gu&&nreethat it is
enor frEe.Further, tlfs guide is not int€nded to b€ an e raustivet€afrnent of the topic ald theFfore may not include ell
available information, incftding wift rcspect to safety and heaith issuea.By publishing lhi$ grdde, AWS doesnot in$ne
anyorc using the infc,nnation it contains against any liability or indury to ploperty or pe$ons arising ftom Om use.

\- .,-, .'- \-/ \r \-i \-r \r \r v .J !- v \, v

Tableof Contents
BasicSafety hecautions CarbonArc GougingElectrodes.......................
t5
ElectsodestClassification,Size,Amps, DepositionRarefor Mild Steelfor CMAW...........16
DepositionRate Recommended CopperCableSizes........................
l7
ClassificationSystemfor CarbonSteel Guideto ElectrodeConditioningandStorage........
Elecfiodes 1g
for SMAW....................................6
WeldingPositions- Filler (plate).........................
SMAW E6010Etecfodes.... 7 t9
'7 WeldingPositions- Groove(plate).....................
SMAW E60tI EIecrrodes....................................7 20
SMAW E6012Electrodes Welding Positions- pipe
SMAW E60I3 Elecnodes Thicknessand Weight of Steelplates-
SMAW E7018Elecuodes U32to 2 inch................... 23
SMAWE7024Elecrrodes....................................9
How to UseWeldFillercage.....................
ClassificationSyslemfor Solid and ComDosrE ..........
. 25
PipeSizeandWall Thicknesses.............................
26
CarbonSteelElectrodes for GMAW.-.........l0
GMAW ER7oS-XShortArc Elecrodes._.........11 Tests to Identit,rh€Mater.ial.....................,............
27
CMAW ER70S-XSprayArc Elecnodes........... Schedulefor Oxyfuel Cutting {
II
GMAW E7oC-XXMeratCoredEtecEodes......l2 usingNanual Gas 29
ClassificationSysieil for CarbonSteel usmgAcetyleneGas 30
Elecuodes for FCAW...................................
13 usingPropyleneGas 31
FCAW ETXT-X Gas-shielded Electrodes........l4 BasicWeldingSymbolsandTheirLocarion..........32
FCAWSelf-Shielded Elecrrodes.......................
r4 I-ocationof Elementsof a WeldingSymbol........ ...34

\
BasicSafetyPrecautions
Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, Electrical Hazards. Electuic shock can kill.
and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, However, it can be avoided.Live electdcalpafts
cutting, and allied processes.These can cause should not be touched. The manufacturer,s
bums if precautionary measures are not used. instructions and recorwended sale practices
Workers should wear protective clothing made should be read and undersrood.Faulry inslalla_
of fire-res istant material. pant cuffs, open pock- tlonr rmproper grcunding, and inconect opera-
ets, or other places on clothing that can catch tion and maintenanceof eleclricalequipmenl
and retain molten metal or sparks should not be are all sourcesof danger.
wom. High-top shoesor lealherlegging( and
Irre-resistant gloves shouldbe wom. pant lees All electrical equipment and the workpiece
should be wom over rhe oulside of hieh+op should be gounded. The wo*piece lead is
\hoes.Helmersor handshieldsLharprovidepro- not a ground lead. It is used only to complete
tection for the face, neck, and ears, and a head the welding circuit. A sepamte conlection is
covedng to protect the head should be used. In requlred to ground the workpiece. The work-
addition, approp ate eye protection should be piece should lrot be mistaken for a ground
useo. connection.

Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting,


oi""i* E""irr;d"; ;"p ;,
and allied processes produce furnes and gases
which may be harrnJulro bealth. Avoid breath-
"i'r ";
cylirders when not in use. Make sule that gas
cylinders are chained to a wall or other sruc-
ing the air in the fume plume dircctly above rhe tural support.
arc. Do not weld in a confined area without a
ventilation system. Use point-of-welding fume Fadiation. Arc welding may produce ultra-
removal when welding gal\anjTedsteel.zinc, violet, inirared, or light radiation. Always wear
lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, or protective clothing and eye protection to pro_
brcnze. Do not weld on piping or containers tect the skin and eyes from mdiation. Shield
that have held hazardous materials unless the othe$ from lighr radiation from youl welding
containers have been inerted properly. operation.

t*..-"tds a personalcopvof "Arc weldingsafely"and"Firesafetyin weldingand


8#,if::

r
GlassificationSystemfor GarbonSteel Electrodesfor SMAW
- .]:y"9. ftis desisnaror
may bederered
hom theproducrrmprinrrcqurredfor
T',c:i5f
loenurcarronot theelectrode_
Designatesrhetensile str€ngth(miniinum), in ksi, of the weld nerat whe, poduced
in accord_
ancewith the tesr assemblyprepantion plocedue of this specificarion_
Desjgnate,rheweldingposirionin $hich etecEodes areusabte.tle rypeof coterins.anddle
lind of weldinscu-nenr
for sbich rheetectrode(aresuirabte.
EXXYY-THZR

Optionrl Supplen€ntrl Dssignators:

DesiSn-areslhfl Ine elemode meeh $e requrremenrs of rhe ab,oroed moiirG


lesr ran
re\t lor a to$ b).lrogen etecEode( except fie f70t8M ctrssificadon,
loplonai,supprementdt
rorwnrcn tne test 6 rcouftd)

Designare( drzl tie elecEode meers rhe requiremenls of de diflisibte


hydoqen tesl ran
opronar rupptemenlat re<l ot lhe wetd meLat fiom los oydrogen electrodes,
as:rc{eived or
conditioned - with an average value nor €xceeding .2,; ^L-of
H, p", rOOi
metal, where'z" is 4.8. or 16). "ia"p""r,J
Designates rhar thr decftde (E7016, E7Ot8, or E7024) neers the
requnements for inploved
toughness - ,nd ducriiity in the case of 87024_

SMAWEleclrodes SMAWElectrodes
E6010 E6011
Dlameter(tn,) Amps Dep.Ratel Diameter(in.) Amps o6p. Ratel
3/32 50 0.8 3/32 50 0.8
70 t.2 70 1.2
i/8 100 2.1 1/8 110 2.O
130 130
5/32 144 5/32 140 3.5
1',70 2.9 175 4.0
3/16 160 3.3 3t16 170 4.0
190 3.5 190 4.2
782 190 4.5 7/32 i75
I
230 5.1 220 5.1
r..Depsiliomre in lbs/b ba\edon l0o% e time.May vary s irhin
1 Deposition nte in tbs/br baed on 100%e time. May vdy w,thn
:,vr. rDeen'crency.wi-h a 2 \rub tos,.a app_o(halet)60a
alo%. The efficiency, with a 2,, snlb lo$, h apprcximaiely 60%.

f
SMAWElectrocle6 SMAWElectrodeg
E6012 E6013
Dlameter(ln.) Amps Dep.naler Di6meter(in.) Amps Dep.Raiel
t/8 100 60 0.9
130 2.9 1.2
5/32 165 3.2 1/8 100
200 135 3.0
3t16 224 4.O 5t32 140 2_6
244 180
7t32 275 4.8 3/16 180 3.2
320 5.6 220 4.r
1/4 320 5.6 7t3) 250 5.3
180 7.1 290 6.1
1 Deposition 6te in lbsAr brsed on 100%dc 1ine. May vary within 1. D€posnionrale id lbs4r basedon l |]O4]N 1ime.May vart wirhin
i10%, The eiTiciency,witl a 2 6tub to$, h approxinarely 60%. a10%. Ihe efficiencr. with a 2' stub los, is approxina;ry 60%.

SMAWElectrodeg SMAWEleclrodes
E7018 E7024
Diameter(ln.) Amps oep. Falel Diameter(in.) Amps Dep.Ral€l
3t32 70 1.4 l/8 140 4.2

110 l_1 180

l/8 120 2.6 5/12 180 5.3


240 '7.2
160 3.0
5/32 150 3.1 3/16 245 7.5

z(fr 4.3 290 9.1


' 32 320 9.4
3n6 200 4.9

2',75 360 11.6


'7t32 250 6.5 !4 400 12.6 I
340 1 Deposition 6te in lbvhr basedon i00% N tine. Mry val wiurin
i10%. The efficien y, wilh a 2 stub los, h ap!rcxinately 60%
l. Deposilim rute in lbs/bi bed o! 100% N time. May vary wibin
!10%. Tle etricjency, eith a 2" stub los, is approxirotely 60%.

:
Systemfor Solidand Gomposite
Ctassification
CarbonSteel Electrodesfor GMAW
Indicatesuseas either an elertrode or rod (ER), or use only as an elecrode (E).
Indicates,in 1,000psi (6.9 MPa) increnents, the rninimum tensile strengthof the weld metal
Foduced by the ele.tode when tested according to this specification. ln this case' 70 indi-
cates70,000psi.
Indicateswhetherthe fiIer netal is solid (S) or conposite (C)

E R T O S x (for solid wne)

E 7 0 C X Y

E Indicates the type of shietding gas used for classification of composite electrodes.Carbon
dioxide shielding is indicatedby "c'' and 75-80% tu/balance CO2is indicatedbv "M'.
Indicales the chernical conposition of a solid electode or the chemical composition of the
rveld metal producedby a conposite electtode.The use of lhe "GS" sutrix d€signaEsnller
metals intendedfor single-pa5sapPlicationsonly.

10

GMAWElectrodes GMAWElectrod.s
ER70$X ShortArc EF7oS-XSpralt Arc
Dlameter Dep. Dlameter Dep.
Amps Volts (lnJ Amps Volts Relel
(inJ Ralel

.030 'to l5 t.2 .030 150


130 2l 2,r 200 28 6.8

.035 80 16 2.1 .035 t15 6.1

190 22 290 28 12.0

.045 100 \'7 2.',| .045 200 24


225 22 8.0 315 30 t2.5
1. Deposition 6i. in lbs/br baed on 10096at tinc Mav vev tithin ut6 275 24 8.7
I
r10%. Deposinon cfficiclcy is 6sMed to be 94%-
500 32 18.0
3/32 350 29 10.0
600 33 20.0
1 D€losidon 6te in lbs&r bas.d otr 100% @ rift M.y vdy wirhin
.10%. Deposinon .fficiency is 4sDm€d 10b. 9E%.
ll
E7oC-XXGMAWElectrodes
Metalcored75%Arl25%CO"Shlelded
Dlameter Amps Volts Dep.
(in.) Rater
.035 150 25
250 29 9.4
.045 250 28 8.0
300 32 11.6
.o52 215 8.0
325 30 10.1
r/16 300 30 8.6
450 34 t6.2
5t64 350 27 11.6
500 29 20.4
3t32 400 31 11.5
550 32 21.0
l Deposidon Fte itr lbs/hr basedon 100%@ 1ime.May vdy withir
:10%, Deposilionefficiencyis assM€d to be 92%.

12

Classificataon
Systemfor CarbonSteelElectrodesfor FCAW
Designabesan elecEode.
This designatoris either 6 or 7. It indicatesthe mininum tensile snengfi (in psi x 10,000) of the
weld metal when the weld is nade in the mannerprescribedby this specification.
This designatoris eitlpr 0 or 1. Ii indicates fte posirions of welding for which the electrode is
idended. (0 is for flat andhorizontal position only. I is for aI posilions.)
This desigDatorindicatesthal the electode is a flux coredelectrode.
This designatoris somenumberftom I throush 14 or the letter ..c" with or withour an ,.S',foltow
ing. The nurnberrcfels to the usabiliry of the electrode.The .,G'. indicaresthat rhe exremalshield-
ing. polarity, andimpact propeniesare not specified.The ,.S,'indicaresrhai the electrodeis suirable
for a weld consistingof a single pass.Such an elecFodeis not suitabiefor a nulrj-pass weld.
An "M" designatorin tnis position indicatesthar the electrodeis classified usins 1s-BO% arconl
balanceCO) (lueldinggas.when he M designato'doesnomppear.n (igoif;s har eifte;de
shielding gasusedfor classification is CO, or tha! tlle producr is a ser-shielded Foducr.
EXXT-XMJIIz Optional Supplem€ntsl Deelglr'ton
D€signatesthat the electrodemeetsthe requirementsof tne diffusible hydrogen lest (an oprional
supplenental test of the weld metal with an averagevalue nor exceeding..2' n[ of Hz pef l00g of
deposiledmetal where "2" is 4, 8, or 16). l

ment of 20 ftlbr at -40'F (27J at -40'C)- Absenceof the "J" indicaiesnormal impacrr€quiremenb.
t3

;
FCAWElectrodes FCAWElectrodes
Self-Shielded
ETXT-XGas-Shielded
Olam. wFs Volls Amp Dep Diam. wFs Volts Amp
D€p.
(DCEP) Raler (ln) (ipm) Ratel
(in.) (ipm)
E71Tn! (DCEN)
.045 200 28 150 0.9
320 12] .045 15
600 140 18 225 2.6
.052 150 25 155
.068 56 1',l r60 2.r
600 37 430 l'l.6
l9 275 5.2
\^6 150 2',1 190 6.1
E70T-4 (DCEP)
500 39 500 20.r 3t32 165 354 13.8
5t64 l12 26 250 6.4 263 30 400 16.1
258 450 14.8 .tzo 101 450 13.0
3t32 124 30 350 9.6 33 550
2',t8 550 21.3 E70l-7 (DCEN)
'7
/64 140 30 550 t'7.l 3t32 135 2',7 325 8.8
190 36 700 23.O 26 29 400 t2.6
'7t64 t2D 29 400 11.5
l/8 111 32 600 t6.2
194 38 850 24.2 1',75 31 490 15.8

dc timeMavvarvwilhin
on1OO%
in lbs/hbased 1. Deposilion Fte in lb$/h! basedon 100% dc tine. Mav vary vnhin
1.Depositionrale
lr"r#**"^'^*-*-

74

CarbonArc GougingElectrodes
suggesledcurenl Bangestor lhe Commonlyused CAc-A ElectrodeTypesand Diameters
ElectrodeDiameter DC Electrode',vllhDCEBA AC Electrodewith AC,A

ln, mm mrn max mtn max

5t32 4.O 90 150

3t16 4.8 150 200 150 200

u4 200 400 200 300

5l16 250 450

3t8 9.5 350 600 300 s00

u2 t).1 600 1000 400 600

5/8 15.9 800 1200

3t4 19.1 1200 1600


{
I 25.4 1800 2)00
:??F

DeDosltlonRatefor Mlld Steeltor GMAW


RATE
ANDDEPOS]TION
PLOTOFWIREFEEDSPEED

e
E
a
@
J

FH
E;
F6
=<
E.E
8
ctt
H
Hal=
t5
3@ 400 5@ 600 7m
WIRE FEEO SPEEO IN INCHES,MINUTE

16

Recomm€ndedCoPPerCableSizea
CabloSlzeEfor ComblnedLengthsot Electrodeand WorkCables
Percent 0 to 50 ft. 50 to lmft. 100to 150ft. 150to 200ft,
Amperea Dutycfcle
100 20 8 4 3 2

150 40 6 5 3 2

225 20 3 2 I

250 40 2 2

3m 60 7to IID 1/0 ao


350 60 U0 uo u0 ao

400 60 2n ao u0 3to

5m 60 uo 2.D 3to 3to

f
_+t_

Guideto Elestrode and


AWS Air CondlllonedStorage Holding ReconditlonlngTemperature and Time
Eleclrode BeloreOpenlng Temperatur€ to Afl€ctweld ouality
Classlflcatlon FH = RelaliveHumidlty Atter Opening RecondlllonSleD#1 RebakoStep*2
KeepDry @Room Not Requhed
EXX10,EXX11, 100'F(+25')
NEVER STORE
Not Required
EXXl2,EXX13 40'-120'F A B O V E1 3 0 ' O R
6oEo(!10%) RH BELOW 50% RH
EXX2O,DO{30 250'-3m'F
90'F(+20') I50'-200"F
ONEHOUR ONE HOUR
EXXr4,EXX24, 50%Max.RH
EXXZT TWO HOI,R TOTAL

500.-600"F 700'F(+s0)
Low Hydrogen ONEHOUR ONE.HALFHOUR
EXXl8, EXX28
90'F(120') 300"F(+s01
Low Hy&ogen
50%Max.RH
ONE & ONE-HALF HOUR TOTAL
EXX15,EXXl6
Low Hydrogen- s00.-600"F 650"F(r50)
High Tensile 90'F(*20) ONEHOUR ONE-HALFHOUR
300'F(r50")
DOO(15, EXXXl6, 50%Max.Rt{
E)C(xl8 ONE & ONE-HALF HOUR TOTAL

18

WeldingPositions- Flllet(plate)

WELOAXIS WELDAXIS
HOFIZONTAL HORIZONTAL
2F (HORTZONTAL)

WELDAXIS
HORIZONTAL-

4F (OVERHEAD)
I

l9

t
I

\
WeldingPositions- Groove(plate)
PLATESHOBIZONIAL PLATES
VERTICAL

3G PLATESVERTICAL PLATESHORIZONTAL

20

WeldingPositiona- Plpe

,-<.-<-\(----=! 5 prpEHoRrzo^nAL,RorArED.
- WELD FLAr(+1s.).
DEpostr
1n\ I ). 1-*.
-pW*- FILLERMErALAroRNEAR rHEroP

1G NOTATED

PIPEOR TUBEVERTICAL;NOT
ROTATED DURINGWELDING.
WELDHORIZONTAL (r15'1.

;
*'

- PiPe(contd)
WeldlngPositions

sGA-T--\+-
-@=N:=' rN-5=
(rls')i Nor RorArED
PIPEoR ruBEHoRlzoNrAL
WELDFLAT,
WELDING, VEBTICAL, OVERHEAD.
+tl U _i
\L----*----
DURING

6GB;T, K,Y CoNNECTION

RING
BESTRICTION
TESTWELD

PIPEINCLINED FIXED
(45'r5'); NOTROTATED
DUBINGWELDING.

22

'll32-'l Inch
Thicknessand Weightof SteelPlatesr
mm tb,tfi, Gauge Fractlon oeclmal mm tbfit2
Ga!ge Fractlon Decimal
Ln5 t7t32 0.531 t3.494 21.675
22 !32 0.031 oJ94
2.550 9l16 0.563 14.287 22.950
16 l^6 0.063 1.588
0.094 2.381 3.825 19t32 0.594 r5.081 24.225
13 3t32
5.100 5t8 0.625 1 5 . 8 7 5 25.500
ll 1/8 0.125 3.175
6.3',75 21t32 0.656 16.669 26.',1',15
5t32 0.156 3.969
,7 '7.650 tu16 0.688 t'7.46328.050
3l16 0.188 4.763
8.925 23t32 o.719 18.256 29.325
5 1t32 o.219 5.556
0.250 6.350 10.200 3t4 0.750 19.050 30.600
3 lt4
'7.t44 lr.4'75 25t32 0.781 19.844 31.875
9t32 0.281
'7.937 r2.750 t3^6 0.813 20.638 33.150
5/16 0.313
2',7132 2t.431 34.425
t!32 o_344 8.731 r4.oz5 0.844
0.375 9.525 15.300 7t8 0.875 22.225 35.700
3t8
0.406 1 0 . 3 1 9 t6.515 29t32 0.906 23.Ot9 36.9',t5
13t32
'7t16 17.850 15t16 0.938 23.813 38.250 I
0.438 11.112
o.469 1r.906 79.125 3y32 0.969 24.606 39.525
15t32
I 1.000 25.400 40.800
u2 0.500 12.700 24.4ffi

I
*:

Thlcknessand Welghiof SteelPlates:l-2 inch


Fraction D€cimal mm tb/ft, Fraction Declmal mm tb/ft,
t-l132 1.031 26.\94 42_O',75 t-17/32 1.531 18.894 62.4',75
l l/16 1.063 26.988 43.350 r,9/16 1.563 39.688 63.750
1-3/32 1094 2?J8r 44.625 t-19u2 1.594 40481 65025
r 1/8 1.125 28.5',75 45.900 1,5/8 1.625 41.275 66.300
1-5t32 1.156 29.369 4',1.r75 1-21/32 t.656 42.069 67.575
'1-3/t6
1.188 30.163 48.450 1-11/16 1 . 6 8 8' 42.863 68.850
I-',7132 t.2t9 30.9s6 49.725 1-23t32 t_719 43.656 70.t25
l,-U4 1.250 31.750 51.000 1-3t4 1.750 44.450 71.400
l-9/32 1.281 32.544 52.275 1-25/32 1.781 45.244 72.675
1-5^6 1_313 33.338 53.550 r-13/16 L813 46.038 '73.950
r-tt/32 1.344 34.131 54.825 t-27/32 t.844 46.831 '75.225
1,3/8 1.375 )4_925 56.100 1-',7/8 1.875 47.625 76.500
1-t3t32 1.406 35.',719 57.375 l-29132 1.906 48.419
1-1/16 1.438 16.513 58.6s0 t-15/16 1.938 49.213 79.050
t-15/32 t.469 t7.306 59.925 1-3t/32 t.969 50.006 80.325
t-1/2 1.500 38.100 61.2W 2 2.000 50.800 81.600

24

Howto UseWeld FllletGage

PLACEMEI.IT CONVEXWELDS CONCAVE


WELDS

BECERTAINBLADE FORCONVEXWELDS:USEELADEW|THSTNGLE
ARCAT
EDGEIS SQUABE APPROPRIATE
SIZE.FOBCONCAVE
I
WELDS:USEBLADE
WITHWELDEDPARTS, WITHDOUBLE
ARCATAPPROPRIATESIZE.

25
Commercial Pipe Sizes and Wall Thicknesses (asA-836 10and83619)
Nominal NominalWallThicknegsesin inchesfor
Plpe
Outslde Stan- sched. S c h e d . Sched. xx
Slze
Diam. Sched. Sched.
1osr datd2 40 xs3 Sched.
80 120 160 Strong
5s'
1/8 0.405 0.049 a.a68 0.068 4.495 0.095
1/4 0.540 0.065 4.488 0.088 4 . 1 1 9 0.119
3t8 0.675 0.06s a.a9I 0.091 0.126 0.126
lt2 0.840 0.065 0.083 0.109 0.109 0.t47 o.t4'l 0.188 0.294
3t4 1.050 0.06s 0.083 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0.154 0.154 o.2t9 0.306
I 1.315 0.06s 0.109 0.133 0.133 0 . 1 7 9 0.179 0.250 0.358
t-1t4 1.660 0.065 0.109 0.110 0.140 0 . 1 9 1 0.191 o.250 0.382
r-1t2 1.900 0.065 0.109 0.145 0.145 4.240 0.200 0.28r 0.400
2 2.3',t5 0.065 0.109 4 . 1 5 4 0.154 4.218 0.218 0.344 0.436
2.875 0.083 0.120 4.243 0.203 4.276 a.276 o.375 0.552
3 3.5 0.083 0.120 0.216 o.2t6 0.304 0.300 0.438 0.600
3-lt2 4.0 0.083 0.120 0.226 o.226 0.318 0.318
0.083 0.120 0.237 0.231 0.337 0.337 0.438 0.531 o.674
5 0.109 0.134 0.258 0.258 0.375 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750
6 6.625 0.109 0.134 0.284 0.280 a.$2 0.432 0.562 0.719 0-864
NOTES:
L Schedules 5sdd 1Ose availabteh cotusionresislantnareriak md Sch€dule10sn ako availablein ctrbon st€elin sizes12 in. andsnaller.
2. Thickn€s*s shown in rralrr re aho arailable in stainlesssreel,under the designaiion Schedule40s
3. Thic*nessesshown in ,alrr de aho available in stainle$ sreel,under the designalion Schedlle 80s

26

Materlalldentltication
Low Carbon Sieel M€d. Carbon Sle€l Hlqhcarbon sl€sl Hlqh Sulph|lr St€el

Ddk Grey Ddk Grey Dark Giey


Appeatunceresl
A

(Fa uapnencrest Strongly Maglelic StrongLy Magnetic Slrongly MaStretic Strongly Magnelic
\=r<
Conlinuous Chip

f>- ,o*rr*, Smooih Edges


Chips Easily
SnoorhEdges
ChipsEasily
Htrd to Chip Snoolh Edges
Chips Easily

aE F,.",,"r",, Bright Grcy Very Light Ctr€y Very Lieht Grey


Bright Gley
Fine Grair

Becones BriSht Becomes Bright Becomes BriSlt Becomes Brighr


@.,-"r*, Red Before Melting Red Before Meltins Red Before Meltins Red Befde Melting

Oofa,--..",.tzZ=:
tlor b6r r$uts, lse at l6t 5,000
surf&e fet pd ninute on slinding
Y€llow Li.s Bnent Bu$
*"it!":ffi*'* I
Yellov Lin6 Spliss vdy Vay Cled Nmerous Srd
!-8 P'M') =
(ch sF p*Mii

21
Material ldentif iqalion (cont d)
Stalnl€ss Sle€l
Dull Grey Ligh! Grey
Dull Bright
Appeatancerest
A Sdd Mold

G- ,**'rr*' Slrotrgly Magnetic Stiongly Magnelic

fg ,,^,,^' Extrenely Hdd


ro chisel Snoolh Brielt Color
SmallChipsAboDt
1/8 in., Not Easyto
Chip,Blittle
SnooL! Edges, Soft &
Easily Cut & Chipp€d

Q$ o-"*,,^' Bright
Brittle
Brighl Grey

Melts Slowly

ff n*r*, BecomesBright Becomes Brighl


Red Before Melting
Becones Bright

rcl\'.'
rFor bst 6ults, us at l€osl 5,000
sufre feet per ninnte on grinding

/cn ARPM) : ^-
l----l-r
._
ir etrlm 3 Veadim-LongSpw-
4 -a/_

*H:[:i,:g,l:?"
28

Guidefor ManualOxyfuelGas CuttingUsing NaturalGas


PlateThickness Diamelerof Culting NomlnalOrygen MlnlmumNaturalGas CuttlngSpeed'?
(in.) orlllcel(ln.) Pressure(psi) Pressurc(psi) (ln./min)
y8 0.04r 30-40 2o z8
0.04 3H0 3-.6 18,28
30-40 3-6 l6-t
1t2 059 30-40 t3 l'7
3t4 .059 -40 3-6 10-15
.059 40 9-13
'l-lz
t-u2 r.067 -50
0.01 40-50 3-6 610
2- 40 50 3-6 6-9
40-55 39 5-8
0.093 40-5: 3-9
,-093 5 10
6 0.1t0 -60 10
7 0.11 50-70
8 50-7
IO 110 50-7
t2 110
-3 {
dy be ca6ed by mill scale on Plare. vdiarion in oxvsen Puitv' ame 'djusinem condiriod of equipment'
i. vi.,ii,""i iii"i,i"e ,p**
r m o u u e sI n s t e e l , t r d\ r i a r i o n i n h e a cl o n l e no' l n r t m l g a r
'rlro.dnllororilicedimeleria"illva$iLhedhLiDaccodinglornmLtetur*q)Peormrcn

n
Guidefor ManualOxytuelGas Cutilng UsingAcetylene
Materlal Culting Orlflce Approxlmate Manual
Thickness DrlllSlze Dlameter(in.) Pressureot Gas(psi) lravel Speed
(in) (centerhole) Acetylene Orygen (ln,/min.)
1/8 60 0.040 3 10 20 22
1t4 60 0.040 3 15 16-18
3/8 55 0.052 3 20 l,t-16
1/2 55 0.052 3 25 12-14
3t4 55 0.052 3f 10-12
53 0.060 35 8-11
l-t/2 53 0.060 40
2 49 0.073 45
49 0.073 5 50 5-6
4 49 0.073 5 55
5 0.082 5 60 3+
6 0.082 6 70
0.082 l
1, Ti!, drill or onfice diameler size will vdy with eeh tip according to nanufrctuer's specification.
30

Guidetor ManualOxyfuelGas CuttingUsing Propylene


PlateThlckness Fuel Gas cuting oryggn CuttingSpeed
(in.) Tlp Slze Pressure(psl) Pressure(psl) (lpm)
1/8 0000 30-50 24-34
3n6 3,7 30 50 24 34
It4 5-10 30-50 22-32
3/8 0 5 1 0 30 50 20 30
U2 0 5- 30-50 18,28
3t4 40-50
40 50 14-20
2 5 1 0 40 50 10-15
2-u2 5-10 50-60 9-t4
3 5H0 8-13
4 5-10 5060
6 5 70-80 5-9
8 6 15 64,10 4-8
10 7 10-15 6AJO 4,5
t2 10-15 40-10
I4 9 10-15 50-85
15 10 10-15 50-90 2-3
16 10-15 50-90 | 2 tlz ^
l8 l2 10-15 50-90 l1
L Tip, diill or orifi.e dianeler size will vary with etuh dp addding 10manufa.lud s speci{icalion.
31

;
Basicwelding Symbolsand Theil LocationSignificance

Edt

,.--];:I ',-.7 ,-w ,.-€

--_,, _-o___., e -

,-+

32

BasicWeldlngSymbolsand Thelr LocatlonSlgnificance(contd)

*'---lr --*\, ,,-T

____L-\ -J-,/\ -\----L

1 r -x---\ s{- -r/--

e
-+----'.
Locationol Elementsol a WeldingSymbol
FrNrsHsyrvnol\,-BPBY'"+if5fij,lT?'#tsi?J$EiE"
CoIVIOUBSYMBoL-\ \F ,/ aoor OpellNe; oEpTHoF F|LLING
WELD
GROOVE SIZE_I Y-- FORPIUGiNDaSLOTWELDS
// //
oFBEVEL
EprH
DEprH oR_.- _
srzE ':" ,/
X ,,-_!'ilEli""Jd.=,iio"r*."
,,-_'iiEl'r'"i*.liio"rnn.
TRENGTH
STRENGTH

:;ii*r!$ri#-,|"wELDS
WELDS
FoRCERTATN
cERrArN

srb4i lll f-f


1
I/ \ \[Ei/ (-
/
T
\ iijiiii6iiii-welos
SPACING)OF WEL
I\ biJiiir,ioiiii-welbs

*ur \. sweol
i{ / IE
rAlL(oMrrTED J | ,ttd EAI , .\
WHENREFERENCE
iii'riiirEeni-- I /
,/ ./
,"*r."r*"r
/ .- ] ,/

*ELD -J4
SYMBoL /AN) l/*"o*"o,u*."'"o
1 oj s"ors*r, I| i51.tr31i..iilF
"ur".*
sruD,PLUG,slor.
__
WELDS iriiiiiiiorrcrm
oRPRoJECTIoN I 6:i i-nEowsroeor
JOINT
ELEMENTSIN THIS AREA
REMATNAS SHOWNWHENTAIL
AND ARROWARE REVERSED
34

tErI-
@ 550 N.W. l,€fidnc kd l{ihi Firida 33126

I
l
\

You might also like