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CHAPTER 2
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Coon (1953) proposed the open loop tuning or process reaction curve method.
In the open loop tuning method, the connection between the controller and the
final control element is disconnected, and the step input is applied as an input
to the final control element and the process parameters are obtained from the
process reaction curve. The above mentioned method requires limited process
knowledge, but it offers lower damping and high sensitivity to the system.
Wills (1962) proposed the tuning maps concept for three mode controllers. In
the above mentioned paper, the overall approach for the calculation of
proportional gain, integral time and derivative time was discussed, and the
tuning concepts were highlighted. Miller et al (1967) proposed a comparison
of the controller tuning technique, in which the investigation of the process
reaction curve method is demonstrated and the process reaction curve
approximation is done; comparatively Miller et al (1967) is better than Cohen
and Coon (1953).
Integral Derivative (PID) Controller, using the Genetic Algorithm. Liu and
Daley (2001) proposed the optimal tuning concept for the Proportional
Integral Derivative (PID) Controller, which is applicable to different
industrial system’s applications. Ari Ingimundarson and Tore Hagglund
(2002) compared the performance of the Proportional Integral Derivative
(PID) Controller and that of the dead time compensating controller, based on
the Integral Average Error (IAE) optimization technique. Ming Ge et al
(2002) introduced the robustness of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)
Controller in the LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) technique. Its applicability
in different dynamic plants is also discussed in the paper. Next, Kao-Shing
and Hwang et al (2003) proposed the reinforcement learning algorithm to the
adaptive control scheme, which is applicable to different nonlinear dynamic
processes. Skogestad (2003) developed simple analytical rules for model
reduction, as well as the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller
rules for process control applications. Wang and Spronck (2003) proposed an
overall view of the Genetic Algorithm applied to different control engineering
problems. Lin and Chou (2003) proposed the Induction motor servo drive,
using the slide mode controller with the Genetic Algorithm. Teng et al (2003)
implemented the Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is applicable to the on-line
tuning parameter of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, in
the liquid level system for the cylindrical tank.
of the fuzzy identification of the system, and also applied it for modeling and
control. Sugeno and Kang (1988) introduced the concept of the structure
identification of the fuzzy model. De Silva and Mac Farlane (1989)
introduced knowledge based control, for application to robotics. Li and Lan
(1989) developed the fuzzy logic algorithm which is applicable to servo
system control applications. Lee (1990) developed models of Fuzzy Logic
Controllers for applications in control systems. Chui et al (1991) developed
fuzzy logic for the control of roll and moment for the flexible wind of the
aircraft. Layne and Passino (1993) developed the fuzzy model reference
learning control, for cargo ship steering control. Garcia-Benitez et al (1993)
developed the rule based supervisory control of a two-link flexible
manipulator. Ying (1993) introduced the simplest fuzzy controllers, using the
different inference method for different nonlinear PI Controllers, with
variable gain adjustment. Kwong et al (1996) proposed the concept of fuzzy
learning control for different applications. Cheng et al (1996) developed the
Fuzzy Logic Controller application for the inverted pendulum.
fuzzy logic controller. Lee and Gonzalez (2008) developed the fuzzy logic
versus PID Controller, for the position control of a muscle-like actuated arm
application. Rahul Malhotra et al (2011) developed the concept of boiler flow
control with the Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) Controller with the
Fuzzy Logic Controller. Li et al (2012) developed the concept of the
application of the fuzzy logic controller for maintaining the liquid level.
Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) as well as time
domain specification criteria is analyzed in this paper. Next, Ram Kumar et
al (2010) proposed the real time application of the Ant Colony optimizing
algorithm, and implemented it for the conical tank process, in which the
performance of the Internal Model Controller (IMC) is compared with that of
the ant optimization colony algorithm through the performance error criteria.
Suresh et al (2010) proposed the design of a Fuzzy Estimator to assist the
fault recovery in a conical tank process in which the servo response is
compared with the regulatory operation. Anand et al (2011) introduced a
simplified tuned Adaptive Proportional Integral (PI) Controller for the conical
tank process, in which the performance of the Adaptive Proportional Integral
(PI) Controller is compared with that of the Conventional PI Controller.
Fareeza et al (2012) introduced the design of a plant estimator model, using
the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the conical tank process, in which the
servo operation performance is compared with regulatory operation. Ganesh
Ram and Abraham Lincoln (2012) proposed the Fuzzy Adaptive PI Controller
for the nonlinear conical tank process, in which the Fuzzy Adaptive PI
Controller’s performance is compared with that of the Conventional PI
Controller. Arivalahan et al (2012) developed a Genetic Algorithm tuned PI
controller in which the optimal values of the PI Controller parameters are
obtained. In addition, the Neuro tuned PI Controller and Fuzzy Logic
Controller are designed for the conical tank level process. The developed
controllers are evaluated in terms of the performance indices, namely, ISE,
ITSE, IAE, ITAE, and time domain specifications, such as Peak over shoot
(Mp), Settling Time (Ts) and steady state error (ess) for servo, regulatory and
servo-regulatory operations. Further, the modelling aspect of the conical tank
level process is included, and the stability analysis of the system is evaluated
through the pole- zero plot and Nyquist stability criteria.
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Robustness is low.
2.4 SUMMARY