Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 4.0
SLOPE STABILITY
4.1 TYPES & CAUSES OF SLOPE FAILURE
a) Translational slide:
c) Rotational slide:
1) Erosion (a & b)
2) Rainfall (c)
3) Earthquake (d)
4) Geological features (e)
5) External loading (f)
6) Construction activities (g)
7) Rapid drawdown (h)
4.2 STABILITY OF INFINITE SLOPES
OK
4.2 STABILITY OF INFINITE SLOPES
approaches the height of the slope (H), the slope generally may
be considered finite.
b) The surface of potential failure can be considered to be curved
or plane failure surfaces.
4.3 METHOD OF SLICES
cu r
2
FS
M d
4.3 METHOD OF SLICES
procedure- Examples C u (k N /m )
2
37
3
γ (k N /m ) 19
A slope is to be cut to construct an
embankment as shown in Figure 1. The mass
of W1 and W2 are 257 kN and 693 kN
respectively. The location of these masses
are l1 = 2.75m and l2 = 4.67m. By using the
mass procedure method or Swedish slip
circle method:
(i) Calculate the total moment of the driving
force about point O.
(ii) Determine the factor of safety of the trial M d (k N m) 2 5 2 9 .5 6
circle. θ (rad ian) 1 .6 5 8 2 8
(iii) Comment what happens to the calculated
Fs 2 .1 8 9 0 8
factor of safety if the height and the gradient of
4.3 METHOD OF SLICES
bn
L n @ x n se c n
c os n
4.3 METHOD OF SLICES
FS = 2.12
4.3 METHOD OF SLICES
U u n L n
W h er e u n h n ( w )
bn
L n @ x n se c n
c os n
4.3 METHOD OF SLICES
FS 1 .9 4
4.4 CUT STABILITY, EMBANKMENT & NATURAL SLOPE
4.5.1Drainage
Drainage is one of the most widely used methods for improving stability.
Clearly surface water must be removed and build-up of water pressures in tension
cracks prevented. Subsurface drainage must be designed to reduce the water
pressures acting on actual or potential slip surfaces; in this way, the value of the
pore pressure, u, is reduced, thereby producing an increase in the factor of safety.
4.5 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHOD
4.5.1Drainage
Several methods exist for drainage system, including horizontal drains and vertical
drains.
4.5 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHOD
4.5.1Drainage
Drainage may also be achieved by the use of electro-osmosis and by planting
suitable vegetation.
4.5 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHOD
4.5.2Restraining Structure
Restraining structures such as piles, retaining walls and anchors may be used to
improve stability. It must be appreciated that the forces and moments to which these
structures are subjected may be very large and hence careful design is essential.
4.5 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHOD
Changing the geometry of a slope to improve stability can involve the: excavation
to unload the slope; filling to load the slope; and reducing the overall height of the
slope.
4.5 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHOD
6.5.4Replacement
Where the slip surface is not unduly deep, removal of all (or part) of the slipped material
and replacement provides a relatively simple and straightforward remedial measure.
The removed soil may be replaced by free-draining material (in which case some
additional benefit may be achieved by drainage) or by light structure such as geofoam.
4.5 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHOD
4.5.5Geotextiles