Measuring,

Cutting, and
Joining Pipes
Cast Iron Pipe

• it is used for all types of plumbing

installation.
• was proven good and durable material for
house sewer, house drain, soil, waste and
vent pipe on various types of building.
• was limited by the Code to less than 25-
storey high building where constant
vibration is present.
• vibrations loosen the lead calk joint
between the pipes causing unwanted sag
and water leak.
• affected to some extent by corrosion due
to chemical action in the system that is
impossible to control.
 Plumbing Design and Estimate
• Cost - associated with the kind of pipe to
be used.
• thus, it is important to know the specific
uses of each type.
Recommended Uses
1. Standard Pipe - used for a well-fitted hub
and spigot connections.
2. Single Hub - recommended when the
length of a pipe needed is more than 150
cm long wherein cutting is not necessary.

3. Double Hub - preffered when a piece of

pipe needed is shorter than 150 cm long.
When the pipe is cut, both ends has hub
to serve as joint connector.
4. Hubless Pipe - used in lieu of the single
hub to do away with caulking of joints. it is
cheaper and easily connected using a
neoprene rubber sleeves.
Cutting and Connecting Pipes

The Procedures in cutting cast iron pipes

are the follows:
1. A chalk mark is drawn around the pipe.
2. The pipe is laid on sand.
3. With the use of hammer and cold chisel,
the scored line around the pipe struck
gently at first around, then continue
striking harder and herder all around, until
the pipe is cut or part off.
Calking Joints

• Calking joints of cast iron pipe is done

through the followng steps:
1. Make sure that the pipes to be joined are
perfectly aligned with spigot centered
inside the bell.
2. Wrap the oakom around the spigot neck
filling the space around the inner hub.
With the use of a yarning iron, drive the
oakom into the bottom of the hub, then,
compress firmly to make a solid bed
providing 20 to 25 mn clearance from the
top of the bell.
3. After packing, the joint is sealed with lead
monolithically poured around the inner hub
at about 3 mm above the bell. Then
packed against the hub by the calking iron
tamping it firmly to make a water tight
seal.
Galvanized Steel Pipe

• is somewhat difficult because of its regidity

and the threading processes involved,
plus the joining operations.
• face to face method is applied
conveniently in measuring the length for a
connection.
• however, allowance for the thread that will
enter into the fitting should be provided.
involve the ff. consideration:

1.Direct connection
2.Measuring and cutting
3.Threading operations
Direct Connection

• the manner of planning the layout and re-

routing of the pipes to reach the point of
service.
• all pipelines should be installed as short
and direct as possible.
• number of fitting and pipe cutting plus the
threading work - be reduced to the
minimum required if the plumbing layout
was planned carefully.
Measuring and Cutting

• errors are committed in the measuring and

cutting of pipes
• may mean additional pipes and fittings,
cost of labor, and the risk of water
leakage.
• face to face methods of measuring and
cutting of pipe connection is considered
the most reliable.
Cutting and Threading Operations

• on cutting and threading operations, steel

pipe should be held rigidly with proper
holding tools.
• cutting is done by using 14-teeth per inch
hacksaw blade applying forward strokes at
the rate of about one stroke per second.
remember: fast cutting will overheat and
break the blade.
Basic rules governing the threading operation:

1. Never hold threaded parts with a

wrench. it will surely damage the
thread.
2. Put two nuts on them, lock tightly,
and continue the threading operation.
3. During the process of threading,
apply motor oil regularly to protect
both the threader and the thread of
the pipe.
4. To ensure tight and rigid connection,
the threads should be slightly tapered
so that the turning of the fitting will be
harder the depper you screwed.
5. Provide the threaded portion of the
pipe with a teflon tape in a clockwise
direction before turning the fitting joint
to obtain a water-sealed connection.
Determining the G.I Pipe Diameter
• The size of galvanized iron pipe is the
diameter of its hole not the outside
diameter.
• In the absence of a measuring
caliper, the inside diameter of a pipe
can be known by measuring the
outside circumference of the pipe with
a string.
Copper Pipe

Classified into two types:

1.Rigid type
2.Flexible type
Copper Pipe Working Procedures

1.In measuring length of a rigid or flexible

copper pipe, the face to face method is
also applied.
2.Cutting of copper pipes with a suitable
rotary tube cutter will give the best and
satisfying result. In the absence of a rotary
tube cutter, the hacksaw blade with 24
teeth per inch is used on heavy pipes and
the 32 teeth per inch for the thinner one.
3. Cutting is done through a gentle light
forward stroke. after cutting, the burrs are
removed inside the pipe with a file or
reamer.
4. Copper pipes are bent slowly an a
wide radius to avoid kinking. bending
a pipe is easily done with pipe
bending machine to produce a very
satisfactory result.
Soldering Copper Pipe Joints
1. Clean thoroughly both ends of the pipe to
a bright finish including the inside of the
fittings with emery clothe or fine sand
paper.
2. Apply a tin coat of non-corrosive flux or
soldering paste to all cleaned surface of
the pipe and fittings.
3. Place the fitting up to the hub and rotate
for several times until the flux is evenly
spread.
4. Wipe the excess flux around the fitting
and solder in one operation only. With a
propane torch, heat the fitting uniformly
around the pipe.
5. Never allow the fluxed joint to stand for
more than 3 hours before soldering.
6. During the process of cooling, avoid
disturbing the pipe or the fitting for it might
weaken or break the seal.
7. Avoid soldering the pipe that contains
water. Wrap other connections with wet
rags in the same fitting before soldering to
avoid melting of the finished points.
3-6 Plastic Pipes

Plastic pipe is a new concept in

plumbing for all types of building. Plastic
pipe has been accepted worldwide after it
has in many ways proven itself to be
superior as sewer and cold water pipe line
material.
The simplest way of joining plastic pipe
is by sementing called Solvent Welding.
Solvent Welding takes only about 1/4 the
time it takes to assemble bell and spigot
joints.
Working With Plstic Pipes
1. Measure the face to face distance of the
fittings to be connected. Add the
engagement lenght before cutting the
pipe.
2. Some plastic pipes can be cut with a
sharp knife, but all can be cut with
hacksaw or handsaw. A rotary pipe cutter
should not in any manner be used in
cutting plastic pipes.
3. Be sure to cut pipe ends square or at right angle
with the axis of th pipe. Work on the joint at a
time.
4. After cutting, remove the burrs inside the pipe,
ream and clean the end portion of the pipe until
smooth to allow full contact with the fitting
shoulder.
5. Apply solvent cement liberally using non-
synthetic brush to the shoulder fitting and butt
end of the pipe.
6. Insert the pipe into the fitting and give it a
quarter turn or 1/4 turn. the span of time from
the cement application to the quarter turning
should not be more than 30 seconds.
7. Do not disturb the pipe for several minutes after
the quarter turn, wait for about 2 hours before
testing the line under pressure. Drying of the
cement must be far enough advance from 15 to
20 hours to permit use of the line.
8. In the process of bending, plastic pipe is
packed with sand then heated using a
flame torch or hot water. Apply pressure
gently and gradually when the pipe is soft
and ready for bending.
9. Correction or repair of lines may be done
by cutting the pipe at a reasonable
distance away from the side of the fitting
then connect with coupling or socket.
table 3-1 weight of soil pipe 150 cm. long

Size
Single Hub Double Hub
mm
kg. kg.
In.

50 2 12.50 13.0
75 3 21.60 22.0
100 4 29.50 30.0
125 5 38.50 39.0
150 6 45.50 46.0
table 3-2 effective lenght of cast iron pipe

Pipe Size Laying lenght in centemeter

mm In. Pipe with Hub Hubless Pipe

50 2 143 150
75 3 143 150
100 4 142 150
125 5 142 150
150 6 142 150
table 3-3 additional lenght in cutting cast
iron pipe

Pipe Diameter Engagement Lenght

mm In mm cm

50 2 62 6.2
75 3 68 6.8
100 4 75 7.5
125 5 75 7.5
150 6 75 7.5
table 3-4 quantity of oakum pipe joints

Pipe Diameter
cm. In. Weight of Oakum per point in Kilogram

50 2
.05
75 3
.08
100 4
.15
125 5
.23
150 6
.35
table 3-5 quantity of lead per pipe joint

Pipe Diameter
Weight of Lead per joint in kilograms
mm

50 .50
75 .80
100 1.00
125 1.50
150 2.00