Radiation Safety Questions

1) HVL= 0.19” 45mm

Source Lead
97Ci sheet
7.5Sv

No: of lead sheets = 45mm/0.19” = 45mm/4.826mm = 9.324

Doserate,D = A x RHM / d2 x 2n = 97 x 550 / d2 x 29.324 = 0.75mR/hr.

d2 =97 x 550/ 0.75 x 29.324

=53350 / 480.69

= 110.98

d = 110.98 = 10.54m

2) Find the time required to get a dose of 3Rems if you are standing at a distance of
5m from a 30Ci Cobalt (RHM = 1.35R/Hr/Ci at 1m).
I1/I2 = d22/d12
30 x 1.35 /I2 = 52 /12
40.5 / I2 = 25
I2 = 40.5 / 25
= 1.62 R/ Hr
Dose receiving at 5m= 3R
No: of hours= 3/1.62= 1.85hrs.

3) Gamma & x-radiation damage human tissue by a process known as ionization.

4) Find the time taken for Ir-192 source with initial activity of 100Ci to decay to 20Ci
if the half-life of Ir-192 is 75 days.
A = A0/ 2n
N= no: of half lives = t / T1/2
20 = 100 / 2n
2n = 100 / 20 = 5
n = log5 / log2 = t / T1/2
t = 75 x log5 / log2
= 174 days.

4) Gamma rays are due to: energy released by an excited nucleus when returning to
ground state.

5) Find the half-life time for a source decayed from an initial activity of 100Ci to 40Ci
in 200 days.
A = A0/ 2n
40 = 100 / 2n
2n =2.5
n = log 2.5 / log 2 = 200 / T1/2
T1/2 = 200 x log2 / log2.5
= 151.29 days  151.5 days.
a) 161.5, b) 182.3, c) 192.2, d) 151.5 days

6) Half-life is defined as:

a) The time taken for the no: of atoms undergoing disintegration becomes half
b) The life at which the excited nucleus returns to ground state.
c) The activity becomes half the value with respect to time
d) Both a and c are correct.
e) All of the above.

7) Find the cordon distance for a 15Ci, Ir 192 source (RHM=550, RHF=5900)

I1/I2 = d22/d12
15x550 / 0.75 = d22 /1
8250 / 0.75 = d22
11000 = d22
d2 = 11000
= 104.8m
= 104m as per the choice.

8) Dosimeter readings: 0-200mR

9) If HVL for Ir-192 of concrete is 1.6 inches, how much thick concrete is required to
reduce the exposure from 32mR/hr to 2mR/hr.

ans: 6.4”

10) What is the best thing to do if a radioactive source will not fully retract into its
shielding projector?

Evacuate the site, ensure everyone is at a safe distance and inform inspection and loss
prevention for assistance.

11) Safe work practice:

Time, distance and shielding.

12) When the distance is reduced by 5 times, the exposure is

a.5 times
b.10 times
c.50 times
d.25 times.

13) Survey meter calibration must be done

Every six months.

14) ALARA stands for:

As low as reasonably achievable.

15) A person moved fro 10’ to 20’ from a radioactive source. The dose rate at the new
location will be:

¼ times

16) If the half-life of Ir-192 is 74 days. What will be the strength of 40Ci source after
222 days?
t / T1/2 = n
222 / 74 = n
n =3
Strength after 222 days= 40 / 23
= 5Ci

17) The vehicle speed permitted when transporting radioactive isotope is:
ans: 90km/hr

18) RAD is: Radiation Absorbed Dose

19) If the intensity before shielding was 1250mR/hr, and after putting a concrete
shielding was 20mR/hr, the concrete thickness is: (HVL of concrete = 1.6”)
ans: 9.6”

20) The unit curie is: used to indicate the strength of isotope.

21) The two important effects of radiation exposure to human body are: somatic and
genetic effect.

22) TLD defines: Thermo luminescent device

23) Absorbed dose stated as: Rem-Sivert

24) During 4hrs of exposure period, the pocket dosimeter recorded 1600Sv. What
shall be the survey meter reading at this location?
a.40mR/hr
b.160mR/hr
c.400Sv/hr.
d.both a and c are correct
ans: both a and c are correct

25) Radioactivity is defined as: Ionizing radiation and particles from radioactive
isotopes.

26) We used a 2” of some material for shielding and the intensity dropped from2R/hr
to 40mR/hr. What is the HVL for this material?
2R/hr = 2000mR/hr
ans: 0.35”
27) On a transport vehicle, radiation-warning signboard has to be placed: front and
back side.

28) The film badge: Measures cumulative exposure to radiation.

29) You can best protect yourself from radiation by: Applying the concept of time,
distance and shielding.

30) Annual dose limit is

a. 5Rem
b. 3Rem
c. 2Rem
d. Depends on the age:2(N-18)