Religious extremism has become the main driver of terrorism across the globe in recent years.

The purpose of this research paper is to shed light on the history of religious extremism and
terrorism in Pakistan, its evolution, causes and impact on the various sections of society and on
the country as a whole. Since its inception in 1947, Pakistan has made a deliberate and conscious
decision to use religious identity as a tool to further its national security interests. Although a
religious identity, if not exclusionary and fanatic, may not be a problem, the Pakistani version is
intolerant, extreme and murderous. Not only could this situation become an existential threat to
Pakistan itself but affect the region and the world gravely. Participation in Afghan War had it
repercussions as it led to Klashinkov culture in Pakistan. Furthermore, KSA and Iran fought their
proxy war on Pakistani soil casuing polarization amongst Shia and Sunni sects. Post 9-11
Pakistan was unable to check the influx of militants from its western border. It is unfortunate that
the tide of religious extremism has spread in every sector of our society and no attempts are
being made by the intellectuals, state institutions, and politicians to get us out of this
abyss. According to the report, 2016 was the third consecutive year in which Pakistan
recorded fewer deaths related to terrorism (Annex- A). Poor economic growth along with high
population growth has led to the problems of mass unemployment, hunger and income
inequality. The economic inequalities and deprivation has created frustration and insecurity
among the masses, leading to an increasing criminalization of society in which there are
available targets for exploitation by the extremist elements in and outside the governments.
Due to the war in Afghanistan, Pakistan has faced the most serious consequences - from political
to security, socio-economic and environmental - over the decades. A lack of consensus even on
definitions make it difficult to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon,
further complicating efforts aimed at countering extremism. Unfortunately, ‘religious extremism
is the common prevalent factor in all the visible trends and patterns of radicalization in Pakistan.
According to a research the major factors that resulted in rising extremism were dishonest
leadership, unjust and unfair accountability system, and corruption—were directly related to
poor governance. However after the implementation of National Action Plan and Zarb e Azb &
Raddul Fasaad security situation has improved considerably.